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SITY  Or  CALtFORMIA 
AT    LOS  Af-IGELES 


0mUI)0oiuan  Contributions  to  linoiolcigc. 

TIDAL    0  B  S  R  R  V  A  ^^:  0  I  S 

I.\    THE 

ARCTIC     SEAS. 

BY 

ELISHAKENT  KANE,  M.D.,  U.S.N. 

MADE  DURING  THE  SECOND  GRINNELL  EXPEDITION  IN  SEARCH  OF  SIR  JOHN  FRANKLIN, 

IN  1853,  1854,  AND  1855,  AT  VAN  RENSSELAER  HARBOR. 

REDUCED  AND  DISCUSSED, 

BY 

CHARLES  A.   SCHOTT, 

ASSISTANT    U.   S.  COAST   SHRTEY. 

WASHINGTON    CITY: 

PUBLISHED    BY    THE    SMITHSONIAN    INSTITUTION. 

OCTOBER,     186  0. 

K   t\    i.        "    ■'*    NEW    YORK:    D.    APPLETON    &    CO. 

SMITHSONIAN  CONTRlIiUTIONS  TO  KNOWLEDGE. 


TIDAL    OBSERVATIONS 


ARCTIC     SEAS. 


BY 


ELISHA  KENT  KANE,  M.D.,  U.S.N. 


MADK  DURING  THE  SECOND  GRINNELL  EXPEDITION  IN  SEARCH  OF  SIR  JOHN  FRANKLIN, 
IN  1853,  1854,  AND  1855,  AT  VAN  RENSSELAER  HARBOR. 


REDUCED  AND  DISCUSSED, 


CHARLES  A.   SCHOTT, 

ASSISTANT    U.   S.   COAi^T   STTRVEV. 


[ACCEPTKI)    for    publication,    JULY,    18G(i.] 


cni.LiKg,  PRi.vmi. 

iMiii.AnKi.riiiA. 


K/3tr 


CONTENTS. 


CO 

en 


3: 

=3 


Introductory  Letter     ..... 
Explanatory  and  introductory  remarks 

Record  of  tidal  observations  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  1853-4 
Discussion  of  half-monthly  inequality  in  time  and  height  . 
Effect  of  changes  of  the  moon's  declination  and  parallax  . 
Discussion  of  the  diurnal  inequality  in  height  and  time     . 
Investigation  of  the  form  of  the  tidal  wave 
Note  on  the  effect  of  wind  on  the  tides 
Note  on  the  progress  of  the  tidal  wave  and  depth  of  the  sea 
Record  of  soundings         ..... 
Appendix — containing  a  tidal  record  at  "Wolstenholm  Sound,  Commander  Saunders,  1849-50, 
with  four  iilatc.'!  .......... 


PACE 
V 

1 

5 
G7 
72 
74 
78 
81 
81 
82 

8.3 


304625 


INTHODUCTORY   LETTER. 


Washington,  July  4th,  1860. 
Professor  Joseph  Henry,  LL.  D., 

Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  : 

Dear  Sir:  The  records  of  the  tidal  observations  made  under  the  direction  of 
Dr.  Kane,  in  the  second  GrinncU  Expedition  to  the  Arctic  Regions,  were  placed 
in  my  hands  by  his  late  lamented  father.  Judge  Kane,  in  December,  185T. 

Dr.  Kane  had  selected  Assistant  Charles  A.  Schott,  of  the  U.  S.  Coast  Survey,  for 
the  reduction  of  a  considerable  portion  of  the  observations  made  on  that  expedi- 
tion; and  I,  therefore,  placed  them  in  Mr.  Schott's  possession  for  reduction,  and 
recommend  his  paper  for  publication  in  the  "  Smithsonian  Contributions  to 
Knowledge."  It  is  proper  to  state  that  the  computations  were  at  the  expense  of 
the  Smithsonian  Institution.     This  is  the  sixth  and  last  paper  of  the  series. 

Very  respectfully,  yours, 

A.  D.  BACHE, 

Superintendenl  U.  S.  Coast  Survey. 


RECORD  AND  REDUCTION  OF  THE  TIDES. 


The  observations  and  discussion  of  the  tides  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  tlie 
winter  quarters  of  the  Advance  during  1853-54  and  1854-55,  will  form  the  last  of 
the  series  of  papers  on  the  results  of  the  expedition,  prepared  by  me  for  publication. 

Occasional  tidal  observations  were  made  after  passing  Smith  Straits,  when, 
owing  to  the  peculiar  navigation  through  the  narrow  openings  between  the  coast 
and  the  bay  ice,  the  vessel  was  much  exposed  to  the  tidal  action,  frequently 
grounding  at  low  water,  and  otherwise,  by  taking  advantage  of  high  tides,  slowly 
advancing  to  her  winter  quarters. 

The  bay,  near  the  head  of  which  the  Advance  was  laid  up,  and  used  as  the 
winter  quarters  by  Dr.  Kane's  party,  is  freely  exposed  to  the  north  (true)  and 
northwest;  the  indentation  of  the  shore  line  is  about  five  miles;  some  rocky  islands 
are  situated  within  the  bay. 

Shortly  after  the  vessel  entered  the  harbor  a  tide  staif  was  arranged,  and  a 
series  of  tidal  observations  was  commenced  on  September  11,  1853,  and  continued, 
with  occasional  interruptions  (partly  owing  to  defects  in  the  pulley-gauge,  after- 
wards rigged  up,  and  partly  owing  to  other  unavoidable  accidents)  till  the  24th  of 
January,  1855,  on  which  date  the  regular  log  book  appears  to  have  been  discon- 
tinued. 

The  several  series  of  observations  during  this  period  are  of  very  unequal  value, 
as  will  appear  in  the  detailed  examination  and  discussion  of  the  results.  The 
difficulties  to  be  overcome  in  the  attempt  to  secure  a  reliable  set  of  observations 
were  considerable,  those  of  a  physical  nature  being  the  greatest.  The  observations 
with  the  staff  or  sounding  line  are  subject  to  irregularities  from  a  slow  movement 
of  the  vessel,  which,  though  imbedded  in  ice  during  the  greater  part  of  the  year, 
is  yet  not  stationary;  these  observations  may  also  be  affected  by  the  softness  of  the 
bottom;  the  observations  by  means  of  a  pulley  tide  gauge  may  be  defective,  on 
account  of  a  slow  drift  of  the  vessel  and  motion  of  the  ice  field,  also  in  consequence 
of  a  lengthening  or  shortening  of  the  rope,  or  it  may  be  in  consequence  of  slipping 
of  the  rope  on  the  circumference  of  the  wheel.  The  latter  defect,  or  one  similar 
in  its  nature,  has  been  a  source  of  much  annoyance,  requiring  the  application  of 
corrections  to  the  readings,  in  order  to  refer  all  observations  to  the  same  zero  of 
the  scale.  There  is  another  defect  to  which  pulley-gauges  are  subject,  namely,  the 
gradual  rise  of  the  vessel,  in  consequence  of  the  consumption  of  provisions  and 
fuel.     Notices  of  these  defects  will  appear  in  the  subsequent  discussion. 

The  pulley-gauge  is  described  by  Dr.  Kane,  in  volume  I  of  the  Narrative,  p. 
117,  as  follows:  "  Our  tide  register  was  on  board  the  vessel,  a  simple  pulley-gauge, 
1 


2  RECORD    AND    REDUCTION   OF   THE    TIDES. 

arranged  with  a  wheel  and  index,  and  dependent   on  her   rise  and  fall  for  its 
rotation."^ 

In  order  to  ascertain  the  nature  of  the  tides,  as  well  as  the  degree  of  accuracy  of 
the  different  observations,  the  readings  were  roughly  plotted  for  a  first  examina- 
tion ;  the  following  series  were  found  suitable  for  discussion : — 

Series  I.  From  October  10th,  1853,  to  December  2Sth,  1853. — This  series,  with 
the  exception  of  three  days,  is  complete ;  the  observations  in  the  latter  part  of 
December  appear  to  be  of  less  reliable  character.  The  observations  between  Sep- 
tember 11  and  October  4, 1853,  are  too  fragmentary  to  be  used.  The  pulley-gauge 
observations  between  October  4  and  October  9  seem  to  have  been  only  experi- 
mental. The  hourly  readings  are  superseded  by  half-hourly  readings  on  November 
8,  and  continue  half  hourly,  day  and  night,  to  the  end  of  the  series.  After 
November  28,  corrective  soundings  were  taken  at  noon  each  day.  In  order  to 
make  use  of  these  soundings,  the  mean  depth  of  the  water  at  the  anchorage  was 
deduced  from  them  as  follows : — 

Mean  reading. 

December,  1S53.     43.8  feet,  from  31  souiidiiigs  (:il  noon). 
January,     1854.     44.9  21 

Fel)rnary,       "        44  3  17 

March,  "         43.3  19 

April,  "        41.8  20 

May,  "43.5  9 

The  individual  soundings  will  appear  in  the  record  following. 

Mean  depth  of  water  at  anchorage,  in  winter,  1853-54,  43.6  feet,  as  obtained 
from  117  soundings.  The  monthly  mean  values  for  the  tidal  level  accord  well, 
and  show  that  no  lateral  change  took  place  in  the  position  of  the  brig  (or  else  that 
the  bottom  was  level).  It  will  be  seen  that  for  Series  I  the  reading  7.0  was 
adopted  to  express  the  mean  level,  the  zero  of  the  scale  was,  therefore,  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  36.6  feet  from  the  bottom.  The  readings  of  the  pulley  guage  are  expressed 
in  feet,"  as  1  have  been  informed  by  Mr.  Sonntag. 

Series  II.  From  January  28th,  1854,  to  April  1th,  1854. — The  double  half-hourly 
readings  of  the  pulley-gauge  are  continued.  The  series  is  complete  with  the 
exception  often  days,  which  had  to  be  omitted.  The  register  broke  January  22d; 
observations  commenced  January  24th,  but  were  not  sufficiently  regular  for  use 


'  The  following  note  is  appended  :  One  end  of  the  cord  represented  a  fixed  point,  by  being  anchored 
to  the  bottom;  the  free  end,  with  an  attached  weight,  rose  and  fell  with  the  brig,  and  recorded  its 
motion  on  the  grooved  circumference  of  a  wheel.  This  method  was  liable  to  objections,  but  it  was 
corrected  by  daily  soundings.  The  movements  of  our  vessel  partook  of  those  of  the  floe  in  which  she 
was  imbedded,  and  were  unaccompanied  by  any  lateral  deviation. 

"  Tiic  following  is  an  e.xtract  from  Mr.  Sonntag's  letter  to  me,  dated  New  York,  March  23,  1860: 
"The  circumference  of  the  wheel  (of  the  pulley-gauge)  was  divided  into  feet  and  tenths  of  a  foot,  and 
the  records  by  the  sounding  line  are  also  expressed  in  feet  and  decimals.  The  records  of  the  wheel 
arc  very  uncertain,  as  often  the  rope  slid  over  the  wheel  without  turning  it,  owing  to  the  ice  which 
surrounded  the  axis." 


RECORD    AND    REDUCTION    OF    THE    TIDES.  3 

until  January  28th.  The  corrective  soundings  at  noon  are  continued,  with  occa- 
sional omissions,  throughout  this  scries.  After  April  7tli  there  is  a  break  in  the 
observations,  those  between  the  14th  and  2()th  appear  to  be  irregular. 

Series  III.  From  April  20th,  1854,  to  August  3d,  1854.— The  double  half-hourly 
readings  of  the  pulley-gauge  continue  to  May  5th,  after  which  date  single  half- 
hourly  readings  are  recorded.  The  corrective  soundings  cease  on  the  12th  of  INfay. 
Interruptions  occur  between  iSlay  4th  and  ]\[ay  7th,  also  on  .July  Sth,  also  between 
July  15th  and  18th,  and  between  July  20th  and  the  28th.  Ou  the  8th  of  August 
tho  brig  was  released  from  her  ice  cradle,  and  rose  two  and  a  half  feet;  occasional 
warpings  of  tlie  brig  after  this  date  render  the  observations  woi'tlilcss.  On  tlic 
2;3d  of  August  the  brig  was  in  but  seven  feet  of  water,  and  grounded. 

Series  IV.  From  September  1th,  1854,  to  October  22d,  1854. — The  hourly  obser- 
vations assume  again  a  more  regular  appearance  on  the  7th  of  September;  they 
were  taken  with  the  sounding  line,  and  are  expressed  in  fathoms  and  feet  (as  stated 
in  a  note,  August  12th).  The  following  note  is  of  October  21st,  1854:  "The  tide 
register  as  yet  not  rigged,  observations  very  faulty  by  sounding  line."  The  irregu- 
larities increase  after  this  date;  on  the  15th  of  November  following,  the  tide 
register  was  arranged,  and  observations  (hourly)  commenced  on  the  17th;  the  slip- 
ping  of  the  rope,  however,  was  of  so  frequent  occurrence  and  of  so  great  an  extent, 
that  it  was  considered  better  to  take  no  further  notice  of  these  observations ;  the 
record  continues  to  January  24th,  1855,  wlien  the  strength  of  the  jjarty  no  longer 
permitted  due  attention  to  the  tidal  phenomena. 

It  was  apparent  that  before  any  closer  insight  into  the  nature  of  these  tides 
could  be  obtained,  they  must  first  be  reduced  to  the  same  zero  or  mean  level  of 
the  sea.  To  effect  this  in  a  manner  apparently  best  suiting  the  case,  and  otherwise 
im objectionable,  two  curved  lines  were  traced  on  the  diagrams,  the  upper  one 
enveloping  the  highest  high  water  of  each  day,  the  other  enveloping  the  lowest 
low  water  of  each  day ;  in  tracing  these  lines  some  allowance  was  made,  when 
necessary,  for  disturbing  causes,  so  as  to  obtain  tolerably  smooth  curves ;  cases  of 
abrupt  changes  were,  of  course,  treated  accordingly.  A  line,  equidistant  from 
these  curves,  was  assumed  as  representing  the  mean  level,  and  when  straightened 
out  was  adopted  as  axis  of  the  mean  level  of  the  sea.  The  corrections  to  refer 
each  observation  to  this  adopted  mean  level;  or,  in  other  words,  the  corrections 
required  to  refer  each  observation  to  the  same  zero  of  the  scale,  so  as  to  make  them 
comparable  with  each  other,  were  taken  from  the  projection,  and  are  given  in  the 
column  headed  "  reduction,"  in  the  following  record. 

This  method  of  treatment  excludes  necessarily  in  Series  I,  II,  and  III,  any  dis- 
cussion of  the  variation  in  the  mean  level  of  the  sea,  the  oscillations  of  which  have 
been  found  small  at  other  places.  As  an  illustration  of  this,  the  tides  at  Singapore 
might  be  referred  to ;  the  Rev.  W.  Whewell  (7th  series  of  researches  on  the  tides, 
Phil.  Trans,  of  the  Roy.  Soc,  Part  I,  1837),  finds  for  these  tides  that,  if  a  line  is 
(h-awn  representing  the  mean  height  (midway  between  high  and  low  w'ater  each 
day)  it  is  very  nearly  constant,  though  the  successive  low  waters  often  differ  by  six 


RECORD    AND   REDUCTION   OF   THE    TIDES. 


feet  (on  account  of  the  diurnal  inequality),  the  mean  level  only  oscillates  through 
a  few  inches.  It  appears  from  Mr.  Lloyd's  paper  {Phil.  Trans,  of  1831)  that  the 
mean  level  at  Sheerness  is  higher  in  spring  tides  than  in  neap  tides  by  seven  inches 
nearly;  also  there  seems  to  be  no  doubt  (as  shown  by  Mr.  Whewell,  Phil.  Trans., 
1839  and  1840)  that  the  mean  level  increases  as  the  moon's  declination  increases, 
amounting  to  three  inclics  at  Plymouth,  when  the  moon's  declination  is  25° ;  at- 
Petropaulofsk  and  Novo-Arkhangelsk  the  mean  level  rises  as  the  moon's  declina- 
tion increases. 

The  use  of  the  soundings  intended  to  furnish  corrections  to  the  readings  of  the 
pulley-gauge  is  in  many  cases  a  doubtful  remedy,  on  account  of  the  continued  change 
in  the  zero  of  the  wiieel's  index;  in  fact,  it  would  have  required  numerous  soundings 
at  other  hours  than  noon.  As  it  is,  a  combination  of  the  corrections  by  enveloping 
curves  and  soundings  had  to  be  adopted.  Thus,  for  December  5th,  soundings  at 
noon  43.0  feet  (see  record  further  on),  mean  level  36.6,  hence  reading  of  scale  at 
noon  6.4;  reading  of  pulley-gauge  at  that  hour  19.0,  correction  by  curve  — 12.5, 
corrected  reading  6.5,  which  agrees  with  the  first  number;  this  is,  however,  a  very 
favorable  case.  For  intermediate  hours  the  correction  as  given  by  the  curves  serve 
as  guides.     The  reduction  to  the  same  level  afi'ects  the  times  generally  very  little. 

The  following  table  contains  the  soundings  taken  at  noon  between  the  interval 
of  the  first  and  second  series,  those  taken  during  the  series  being  given  in  the 
record. 

Soundings  at  Noon. 


1853.            r 

.nth. 

Feet. 

Inch.             Register. 

1854 

Fath 

Feet. 

Inch.            Kegister. 

December,  29. 

7 

3 

0 

January 

13. 

►7 
1 

3 

6 

30. 

8 

0 

0     18.1  (chaugecl.) 

14. 







31. 

8 

2 

0 

15. 

8 

1 

0 

1854.  Jan.    1. 

8 

1 

6 

16. 

7 

2 

6 

2. 

8 

1 

6 

17. 

. .  - 

.  -  - 



3. 

7 

.5 

6 

18. 

7 

8 

9 

4. 

7 

3 

0     Changed  to  16.0 

19. 

7 

5 

6 

5. 

7 

1 

G 

20. 

6 

3 

0 

G. 

6 

4 

G     Changed  to  10.5 

21. 

6 

4 

0     Changed  to  1 0 

7. 

G 

3 

0 

22. 

Tide  register  broken. 

8. 

... 



23. 

11                  1( 

It 

9. 

C 

4 

2 

24. 

11                it 

1( 

10. 

7 

0 

0 

25. 

.  - . 





11. 

— 

26. 



-   -  - 



12. 

7 

4 

0 

27. 

7 

1 

9 

The  following 

soundings  were  taken  be 

tween  the  second  and  third  series  :-■ — 

1854.             Fath 

Feet. 

Inches. 

18; 

4. 

Fatl 

. 

Feet. 

Inches. 

April    8.         6 

5 

6 

Apr 

1116. 

7 

5 

6 

9.         G 

4 

0 

(Fall  15  feet  8  in 

3hes.)                   ^ 

10.         7 

0 

C 

(17. 

6 

5 

0 

11.         0 

5 

G 

at  20 

minutes  to  5.) 

13.         7 

4 

0 

(18. 

6 

0 

0 

14.'        7 

b 

0 

at  8'' 

15'" 

P.  M.) 

1.0.          8 

0 

0 

19. 

6 

2 

0 

(Low  water  to  bigh  water  14  ft.  8  inch.) 

'  For  the  past  ten  days  the  tide  register  has  not  been  reliable  on  account  of  the  rope  slipping. 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OF   THE   TIDES.  5 

The  note  of  February  3d,  1854,  is  very  instructive  in  regard  to  the  effect  of  the 
tides  on  the  ice  floe,  viz:  "The  enormous  elevation  of  the  land  ice  by  the  tides 
has  raised  a  barrier  of  broken  tables  seventy-two  feet  wide  and  twenty  feet  high 
between  the  brig  and  islands.  This  action  has  caused  a  recession  of  the  main 
floe ;  our  vessel  has  changed  her  position  twenty  feet  within  the  last  two  spring 
tides,  and  the  hawser  connected  with  Butler  Island  parted  with  the  strain."  The 
cutwater  of  the  brig  was  then  280  feet  from  the  margin  of  the  ice.  (Note  of 
February  4th.) 

The  mean  of  all  the  soundings  taken  during  the  fourth  series  is  very  nearly 
fifteen  feet,  hence  the  constant  index  error,  to  refer  the  observations  to  the  level 
previously  adopted,  is  eight  feet,  which  correction  was  applied,  converting  at  the 
same  time  the  record  of  fathoms  into  feet. 

The  following  tidal  record  extends,  therefore,  over  about  nine  and  a  half  luna- 
tions between  October  10,  1853,  and  October  22,  1854,  during  which  interval  the 
time  and  height  of  nearly  five  hundred  high  and  as  many  low  waters  were  secured. 


Record  of  the  Observations  of  the  Tides  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  North  Greenland, 

in  1853,  1854,  and  1855. 

Position  of  the  Winter  Quarters, 
Latitude  78°  37'  north,  and  longitude  70°  53',  or  4"  43"'.5  west  of  Greenwich.' 

The  first  column  for  each  day  is  copied  from  the  original  log-book,  the  second 
column  contains  the  reduction  to  the  adopted  zero  of  scale  found  graphically  as 
explained,  and  the  third  column  contains  the  observations  referred  to  the  same 
mean  level. 


'  See  my  discussion  of  the  astronomical  observations  of  the  expedition  in  vol.  XII  of  the  Smilh- 
6onian  Contributions  to  Knowledge,  1860. 


RECORD    AND    REDUCTION   OP   THE    TIDES. 


Series  I.^Tidal  Observations 

FROM  October  10,  1853,  to  December  28,  1853. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge. 

Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0,  expressed  in  units 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 

October,  1853. 

Mean 

10th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

11th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

12th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

13th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

Mth. 

Red.     Ref. 

17th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to        obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

1 

... 



5.4 

—1.0 

4.4 

5.0 

—1.0 

4.0 

7.5 

—1.3 

6.2 

7.0 

—1.5 

5.5 





2 

6.6 

—1.0 

5.6 

5.4 

It 

4.4 

5.0 

It 

4.0 

6.4 

(( 

5.1 

5.4 

tl 

3.9 





3 

7.6 

tl 

6.6 

5.5 

tt 

4.5 

5.2 

tt 

4.2 

5.0 

11 

3.7 

4.4 

It 

2.9 





4 

8.1 

11 

7.1 

6.0 

it 

5.0 

6.0 

tl 

5.0 

5.5 

It 

4.2 

4.2 

tl 

2.7 





5 

8.7 

" 

7.7 

6.9 

l( 

5.9 

7.0 

tt 

6.0 

7.9 

11 

6.6 

4.4 

—1.6 

2.8 





6 

8.7 

(C 

7.7 

7.3 

11 

6.3 

8.5 

It 

7.5 

8.3 

11 

7.0 

5.5 

11 

3.9 





7 

8.7 

(( 

7.7 

7.7 

11 

6.7 

8.9 

tl 

7.9 

8.7 

—1.4 

7.3 

7.5 

li 

5.9 





8 

9.0 

tl 

8.0 

7.7 

It 

6.7 

8.9 

it 

7.9 

9.4 

ft 

8.0 

9.6 

11 

8.0 





9 

6.4 

11 

5.4 

7.6 

il 

6.6 





10.5 

t( 

9.1 

11.2 

tt 

9.6 





10 

5.9 

it 

4.9 

6.6 

tt 

5.6 

7.8 

—1.1 

6.7 

10.5 

11 

9.1 

11.4 

It 

9.8 





11 

5.7 

11 

4.7 

6.1 

tl 

5.1 

6.7 

" 

5.6 

10.3 

tl 

8.9 

11.3 

11 

9.7 





Noon 

5.8 

tl 

4.8 

5.8 

It 

4.8 

5.6 

11 

4.5 

9.9 

il 

8.5 

11.0 

—1.7 

9.3 





1 

6.7 

it 

5.7 

5.8 

tl 

4.8 

5.3 

tt 

4.2 

7.6 

tl 

6.2 

9.4 

tl 

7.7 



2 

7.3 

11 

6.3 

5.8 

li 

4.8 

5.3 

11 

4.2 

6.7 

tt 

5.3 

7.4 

(t 

5.7 





3 

8.9 

11 

7.9 

6.3 

It 

5.3 

5.3 

11 

4.2 

5.6 

—1.5 

4.1 

6.6 

ti 

4.9 

... 



4 

9.3 

il 

8.3 

7.7 

11 

6.7 

5.3 

It 

4.2 

4.6 

(( 

3.1 

4.4 

It 

2.7 





5 

10.2 

tl 

9.2 

9.0 

tt 

8.0 

6.4 

—1.2 

5.2 

6.5 

11 

5.0 

4.6 

It 

2.9 

4.2 

—2.7 

1.5 

6 

10.2 

11 

9.2 

10.1 

It 

9.1 

7.8 

tt 

6.6 

9.0 

11 

7.5 

5.9 

tt 

4.2 

4.5 

tl 

1.8 

7 

10.2 

tl 

9.2 

10.5 

tt 

9.5 

9.9 

il 

8.7 

10.5 

tl 

9.0 

9.2 

It 

7.5 





8 

9.9 

il 

8.9 

10.5 

tl 

9.5 

11.0 

It 

9.8 

11.6 

11 

10.1 

12.0 

—1.8 

10.2 

9.5 

li 

6.8 

9 

8.8 

11 

7.8 

9.8 

ft 

8.8 

11.3 

—1.3 

10.0 

12.4 

11 

10.9 

12.4 

tl 

10.6 

12.6 

tl 

9.9 

10 

7.5 

It 

6.5 

9.0 

l( 

8.0 

11.3 

11 

10.0 

12.4 

il 

10.9 

13.1 

it 

11.3 

13.0 

tl 

10.3 

11 

6.3 

it 

5.3 

7.2 

li 

6.2 

9.7 

it 

8.4 

12.4 

11 

10.9 

13.1 

11 

11.3 

13.4 

il 

10.7 

Midn't 

5.7 

11 

4.7 

5.6 

11 

4.6 

8.3 

it 

7.0 

10.4 

tt 

8.9 

13.0 

—1.9 

11.1 

13.4 

It 

10.7 

October,  1853. 

Mean 

:8th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

19th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

20th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

2 1st. 

Red. 

Ref. 

22d. 

Red. 

Ref. 

23d. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

1 

11.5 

—2.7 

8.8 

13.6 

—2.2 

11.4 

13.8 

—2.3 

11.5 

11.6 

—1.7 

9.9 

10.7 

—0.2 

10.5 

7.0 

+  0.8 

7.8 

2 

8.9 

(( 

6.2 

12.0 

(( 

9.8 

12.6 

a 

10.3 



" 



10.2 

It 

10.0 

8.0 

" 

8.8 

3 

6.8 

(( 

4.1 

8.9 

il 

6.7 

10.5 

it 

8.2 

10.8 

—1.6 

9.2 

10.0 

— O.l 

9.9 

9.5 

It 

10.3 

4 

5.5 

tl 

2.8 

6.6 

11 

4.4 

8.0 

It 

5.7 

9.6 

-1.5 

8.1 

9.0 

11 

8.9 

9.0 

+0.9 

9.9 

5 

4.4 

—2.6 

1.8 

4.5 

u 

2.3 

7.9 

—2.2 

5.7 

6.7 

—1.4 

5.3 

8.0 

0.0 

8.0 

6.9 

(1 

7.8 

G 

4.4 

it 

1.8 

3.8 

It 

1.6 

7.9 

(( 

5.7 

4.6 

(( 

3.2 

7.0 

u 

7.0 

4.5 

II 

5.4 

7 

6.5 

11 

3.9 

3.8 

It 

1.6 

7.9 

11 

5.7 

4.1 

—1.3 

2.8 

5.0 

li 

5.0 

3.4 

II 

4.3 

8 

8.7 

11 

6.1 

4.7 

il 

2.5 

8.9 

11 

6.7 

4.1 

—1.2 

2.9 

5.0 

+0.1 

6.1 

3.0 

II 

3.9 

9 

11.8 

—2.5 

9.3 

5.3 

a 

3.1 

8.7 

11 

6.5 

6.7 

ti 

5.5 

3.3 

(( 

3.4 

3.1 

tl 

4.0 

10 

— 



11.0 

il 

8.8 

8.7 

11 

6.5 

8.5 

—1.1 

7.4 

4.5 

+0.2 

4.7 

3.5 

II 

4.4 

11 

— 



13.6 

it 

11.4 

12.9 

{( 

10.7 

lO.S 

(( 

9.7 

6.3 

(( 

6.5 

3.7 

II 

4.6 

Noon 





14.4 

tl 

12.2 

13.6 

(( 

11.4 

11.7 

—1.0 

10.7 

7.2 

it 

7.4 

4.5 

It 

5.4 

1 

— 

... 

14.6 

tl 

12.4 

14.0 

—2.1 

11.9 

11.9 

(( 

10.9 

7.0 

+0.3 

7.3 

6.5 

It 

7.4 

2 

14.8 

tl 

12.3 

12.6 

u 

10.4 

14.0 

tt 

11.9 

11.9 

—0.9 

11.0 

7.5 

il 

7.8 

7.0 

II 

7.9 

3 

10.6 

—2.4 

8.2 

10.4 

tl 

8.2 





11.9 

—0.8 

11.1 

9.5 

+0.4    9.9 

8.5 

It 

9.4 

4 

8.6 

(( 

6.2 

9.6 

—2.3 

7.3 





11.8 

•I 

11.0 

9.2 

(( 

9.6 

9.5 

It 

10.4 

5 

6.6 

11 

4.2 

6.6 

II 

4.^ 

7.7 

it 

5.6 

9.0 

—0.7 

8.3 

9.2 

tl 

9.6 

8.0 

+0.8 

8.8 

6 

4.4 

(( 

2.0 

5.2 

II 

2.9 

6.2 

It 

4.1 

7.5 

ti 

6.8 

6.7 

+0.5 

7.2 

7.4 

tl 

8.2 

7 

4.4 

-2.3 

2.1 

4.2 

II 

1.9 

5.5 

li 

3.4 

5.5 

—0.6 

4.9 

5.2 

(1 

5.7 

7.0 

tl 

7.8 

8 

5.5 

u 

3.2 

4.8 

II 

2.5 

5.2 

—2.0 

3.2 

5.0 

II 

4.4 

3.9 

+0.6    4.5 

6.1 

It 

6.9 

9 

8.3 

II 

6.0 

6.8 

11 

4.5 

4.7 

(( 

2.7 

5.0 

—0.5 

4.5 

3.9 

4.5 

5.5 

It 

6.3 

10 

10.4 

II 

8.1 

9.4 

II 

7.1 

6.8 

—1.9 

4.9 

5.0 

It 

4.5 

4.0 

"        4.6 

4.5    +0.'? 

5.2 

11 

12.6 

"       10.3 

11.6 

II 

9.3 

9.8 

l( 

7.9 

5.0 

—0.4 

4.6 

6.3 

+0.7  j  7.0 

5.0       " 

5.7 

Midn't  13.7 
1 

—2.2,11.5 

13.4 

(( 

11.1 

11.0 

— l.S     9.2     5.0 

—0.3 

4.7 



.... 

5.5         " 

6.2 

EcRnlar  ol 

iserrations  commt 

nco  October  10,  2 

A.  M. 

0<;t.  1.0.    1 

ide  rope  found  In- 

oken  at  10  A.M., 

md  the  load  lo.st  through  the  ice  ho 

le. 

Oct.  17.  T 

idcH  irregular,  ini: 

ox  changed  12  un 

its  ;  honce  most  of  the  obsorvatioug 

on  this  day  had  to  be  omitted. 

Oct.  20.  T 

he  observation  for 

10  A. M.  is  incor 

rect,  on  account  of  obstruction  by  t 

le  ice. 

Oct.  21.  V 

lood  [riHc]  comini 

>nced  at  8  P.  M. 

Oct.  23.   S 

lack  wafiT  [stand 

1  at  S  o'clock,  lion 

1  commences. 

RECORD    AND    REDUCTION    OF   THE    TIDES. 


SJilUES  I. — 1 

iDAL  Observations  from  October  10,  1853,  to  December  28,  1853. 

n 

Hourly  observations 

on  the  pulley-gauge.     Adopted 

reading  of  mean  level  7.0 

,  expressed  in  units  | 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 

_ 

October,  1853.                                                                | 

Mean 

24th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

25th. 

Red.     Ref. 

26th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

27th. 

Red. 

Ref.  28th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

29th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to 

obs. 

to       obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

1 

6.5 

+0.7 

7.2 

5.5 

—0.1     5.4 

5.0 

+0.3 

5.3 

4.0 

+0.8 

4.8 

4.5 

+1.1 

5.6 

5.1 

+0.9 

6.0 

2 

7.0 

(( 

7.7 

5.8       "         5.7 

5.5 

(( 

5.8 

4.0 

tt 

4.8 

3.5 

tt 

4.6 

4.4 

(t 

5.3 

3 

8.0 

a 

8.7 

6.5 

—0.2     6.3 

5.5 

+0.4 

5.9 

4.6 

tt 

5.3 

3.4 

(t 

4.6 

2.8 

(t 

3.7 

4 

8.0 

+  0.6 

8.6 

7.2 

"         7.0 

5.8 

(t 

6.2 

5.0 

+0.9 

5.9 

4.3 

It 

6.4 

2.5 

li 

3.4 

5 

7.3 

(C 

7.9 

7.3 

"         7.1 

5.8 

tt 

6.2 

6.0 

tt 

6.9 

5.3 

tl 

6.4 

3.0 

ti 

3.9 

e 

ti.5 

It 

7.1 

7.0 

—0.3    6.7 

6.2 

+0.5 

6.7 

6.8 

tt 

7.7' 

6.6 

tl 

6.7 

5.5 

ii 

6.4 

7 

5.4 

(C 

6.0 

6.4 

{( 

6.1 

6.5 

(( 

7.0 

7.1 

+1.0 

8.1 

7.3 

It 

8.4 

7.0 

(f 

7.9 

8 

4.0 

+0.5 

4.5 

5.6 

(( 

5.3 

6.6 

(( 

7.0 

7.1 

It 

8.1 

8.2 

tt 

9.3 

7.8 

(( 

8.7 

9 

5.0 

(( 

5.5 

5.6 

—0.4 

6.2 

6.1 

(( 

6.6 

7.1 

(t 

8.1 

— 



9.8 

(t 

10.7 

10 

5.0 

It 

5.5 

5.6 

it 

5.2 

5.6 1      " 

6.1 

6.0 

(t 

7.0 

— 



9.8 

(t 

10.7 

11 

5.0 

(( 

6.5 

5.6 

a 

6.2 

5.6  1  +0.6 

6.1 

5.6 

tt 

6.6 





9.6 

It 

10.5 

Noon 

5.0 

+0.4 

5.4 

6.6 

it 

5.2 

6.5 1      " 

6.1 

4.6 

tt 

5.5 

— 



9.3 

ii 

10.2 

1 

7.7 

tt 

8.1 

7.3 

—0.3;    7.0 

6.6        " 

6.1 

4.6 

tl 

5.5 

4.8 

tt 

5.9 

6.8 

« 

7.7 

2 



6.3 

"      !  6.0 

5.5 

tt 

6.1 

5.0 

tt 

6.0 

4.3 

(t 

5.4 

4.8 

(f 

6.7 

3 





6.8 

•—0.2    6.6 

6.0 

(( 

6.6 

5.3 

tt 

6.3 

4.0 

tt 

5.1 

4.0 

tt 

4.9 

4 

-  *  - 



7.5 

"      1  7.3 

6.5 

li 

7.1 

6.3 

tl 

7.3 

4.0 

(t 

5.1 

4.0 

It 

4.9 

5 

9.5 

+0.2 

9.7 

7.3 

— O.l'  7.2 

7.5 

+0.7 

8.2 

7.7 

tt 

8.7 

6.0 

ff 

7.1 

4.0 

fC 

4.9 

(i 

9.5 

(( 

9.7 

7.6 

"      :  7.5 

8.0 

(( 

8.7 

7.3 

+1.1 

8.4 

7.1 

it 

8.2 

5.5 

It 

6.4 

7 

8.1 

+0.1 

8.2 

8.3 

"      !  8.2 

8.2;     " 

8.9 

8.6 

tt 

9.7 

8.0 

+1.0 

9.0 

6.7 

fC 

7.6 

8 

7.0 

it 

7.1 

8.5 

0.0    8.5 

8.5 

tt 

9.2 

8.7 

tl 

9.8 

9.4 

!        ti 

10.4 

9.0 

tt 

9.9 

9 

6.0 

0.0 

6.0 

7.1 

7.1 

8.5 

{( 

9.2 

8.7 

tt 

9.8 

9.8 

It 

10.8 

9.5 

tl 

10.4 

10 

5.8 

« 

5.8 

6.1 

+0.1 

6.2 

7.1 

tt 

7.8 

7.1 

+1.2 

8.3 

9.8 

tt 

10.8 

10.6 

tl 

11.4 

11        5.5 

—0.1 

5.4 

5.4 

11 

5.5 

6.1 

+0.8 

6.9 

6.3 

(( 

7.5 

9.0 

+0.9 

9.9 

10.5 

tl 

11.4 

Midu't    5.5 

I  " 

5.4 

5.0 

+0.2 

5.2 

4.8 

(( 

5.6 

5.9 

"      i^-^ 

7.3 

tt 

8.2 

8.5 

li 

9.4 

( 

Jctober,  ] 

L853, 

November, 

1853. 

Mean 

30th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

31st. 

Red. 

Ref. 

1st. 

Red.     Ref. 

2d. 

Red. 

Ref. 

3d. 

Red. 

Ref. 

4th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to       obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

1 

4.5 

+0.9 

5.4 

5.4 

+  1.6     6.9 

6.8 

+  1.7 

8.5 

9.1 

+1.4  10.5 

13.5 

—1.7 

11.8 

13.0 

—1.4 

11.6 

2 

3.5 

" 

4.4 

3.8 

It 

5.3 

4.0 

(( 

5.7 

8.8 

+  1.3  ,10.1 

12.0 

(( 

10.3 

12.5 

tl 

11.1 

3 

2.0 

ti 

2.9 

3.0 

+1.6 

4.6 

2.5 

(( 

4.2 

7.1 

+1.2 

8.3 

9.0 

(( 

7.3  11.2 

tt 

9.8 

4 

2.0 

(( 

2.9 

0.0 

It 

1.6 

1.0 

ft 

2.7 

4.7 

+1.0 

5.7 

6.7 

—1.6 

5.1 

9.8 

11 

8.4 

5 

3.2 

a 

4.1 

1.0 

it 

2.6 

1.0 

(C 

2.7 

1.5 

+  0.7 

2.2 

3.7 

(( 

2.1 

6.0 

It 

4.6 

6 

4.2 

(1 

5.1 

1.2 

11 

2.8 

2.2 

t( 

3.9 

0.6 

+0.5     1.0 

1.8 

tl 

0.2 

4.4 

It 

3.0 

7 

6.2 

+  1.0 

7.2 

3.1 

+1.7 

4.8 

3.2 

tt 

4.9 

0.7 

+0.2  '  0.9 

1.5 

—1.6 

0.0 

2.0 

tl 

0.6 

8 

8.5 

9.5 

6.5 

U 

8.2 

7.0 

It 

8.7 

3.0 

0.0  1  3.0 

2.4 

<( 

0.9 

1.7 

tt 

0.3 

9 

10.1 

+1.1 

11.2 

8.5 

« 

10.2 

9.5 

+1.6  11.1 

7.2 

—0.2  1  7.0 

3.4 

(( 

1.9 

3.7 

tt 

2.3 

10 

10.4 

"      11.5 

9.3 

It 

11.0 

10.5 

"      12.1 

9.8 

—0.5  j  9.3 

4.2 

(( 

2.7 

7.3 

It 

6.9 

11 

10.4 

(( 

11.5 

10.3 

u 

12.0 

10.7 

"       12.3 

10.9 

—0.7  110.2 

6.0 

« 

4.5 

10.5 

tt 

9.1 

Noon 

10.4 

+1.2 

11.6 

10.0 

it 

11.7 

10.7 

"       12.3 

15.3 

—1.0  14.3 

6.7 

« 

5.2  12.6 

ii 

11.2 

1 

8.2 

(( 

9.4 

7.5 

ft 

9.2 

10.2 

"      111.8 

15.2 

-1.2 

14.0 

15.7 

a 

14.2 





2 

5.5 

(( 

6.7 

5.2 

(1 

6.9 

9.2 

It 

10.8 

13.6 

-1.5 

12.1 

15.2 

tt 

13.7 





3 

3.7 

11 

4.9 

3.7 

It 

5.4 

8.1 

li 

9.7 

10.6 

—1.6 

8.9 

12.5 

" 

11.0 

12.0 

It 

10.6 

4 

3.4 

tt 

4.6 

0.1 

It 

1.8 

4.5  j  +1.5 

6.0 

6.8 

—1.7 

5.1 

10.1 

a 

8.6 

11.5 

it 

10.1 

5 

2.6 

+1.3 

3.9 

0.2 

it 

1.9 

3.0 

11 

4.5 

3.8 

(t 

2.1 

6.5 

a 

5.0 

9.0 

tt 

7.6 

6 

3.4 

(t 

4.7 

1.2 

it 

2.9 

2.3 

(t 

3.8 

2.0 

it 

0.3 

4.5 

a 

3.0 

6.6 

tl 

4.1 

7 

5.1 

it 

6.4 

3.0 

it 

4.7 

2.1 

(t 

3.6 

1.8 

:t 

0.1 

3.5 

c( 

2.0 

3.2 
3.0 

it 
tt 

1.8 
1.6 

8 

6.8 

(( 

8.1 

5.2 

" 

6.9 

4.0 

t( 

5.5 

3.2 

ii 

1.5 

3.6 
3.0 

It 

a 

2.0 
1.5 

3.0 

It 

1.6 

9 

9.5 

+1.4  10.9 

8.1 

It 

9.8 

9.0 

<( 

10.5 

3.3 ,      " 

1.6 

4.5 

(t 

3.0 

3.1 

u 

1.7 

10 

10.3 

"       11.7 

9.5 

tt 

11.2  10.1 

"       11.6 

3.3  j      " 

1.6 

7.3 

a 

5.8 

5.0 

tl 

3.6 

11 

10.3 

" 

11.7 

9.5 

t( 

11.2  10.1 

"      ill. 6 

3.3  :        " 

1.6 

9.3 

It 

7.8 

7.5 

tt 

6.1 

Midn't 

9.0 

+1.5 

10.5 

10.6 

tt 

12.2 

10.1 

"      11.6 

3.3       " 

1.6 

12.0 

(( 

10.5 

9.8 

it 

8.4 

Oct.  29. 

Slack  water 

[stand]  of  ebb  at  4"  30'"  A.  M. 

Oct.  31. 

Slack  water 

[stand]  of  ebb  at  5  A.  M. 

Nov.  2  t 

a  Nov.  6.   Be 

tween  these  dates  there  are  occasi 

onally  half-hourly  rea 

iings,  I 

Hit  unless 

ihey  o 

ccur 

near  high 

3r  low  water 

they  are  omitted  in  the  above. 

RECORD  AXD  REDUCTION   OP   THE   TIDES. 


Series  I.— Tidal  Observations  from  October  10,  1853,  to  December  28,  1853. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge 

.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0 

,  expressed  in  units 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate 

rise 

of  water. 

November,  1853. 

Mean 

5th.  '    Red.     Eef. 

6  th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

7th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

8th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

9th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

10th. 

J 
Red.     Ref. 

solar 

to        obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to       obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

4.3 

3.8 

3.8 

+0.2 

4.0 

4.5 

—0.2 

4.3 

1 

11.5  ^  —1.4  ,10.1 

1 

9.0 

—1.0 

8.0 

6.6 

—0.6 

6.0 

5.3 

5.6 

—0.5 

4.8 
5.1 

3.9 
4.2 

(( 

4.1 
4.4 

4.5 
4.3 

tl 
It 

4.3 
4.1 

o 

11.0 1      "         9.6 

9.8 

It        ' 

8.8 

7.9 

7.3 

6.2 

tl 

5.7 

4.0 

(( 

4.2 

4.0 

tl 

3.8 

j 

9.9 

tt 

8.9 

8.8 

8.2 

4.5 

U 

4.7 

4.2 

tt 

4.0 

3 

10.0:       " 

8.6 

10.0 

tl 

9.0 

8.8 

8.2 

7.1 

tt 

6.6 

5.0 

" 

5.2 

4.5 

—0.3 

4.2 

10.0 

li 

9.0 

8.8 

8.2 

4.5 

" 

4.2 

4 

9.2 

—1.3 

7.9 

10.0 

—0.9 

9.1 

8.8 

8-2 

7.9 

,11 

7.4 

6.0 

tl 

6.2 

4.1 

(( 

3.8 

8.1 

11 

7.2 

8.8 

8.2 

7.9 

—0.4 

7.5 

5.8 

« 

5.5 

5 

5.7 

11 

4.4 

7.7 

(C 

6.8 

8.6 

8.0 

8.2 
8.0 

tt 

7.8 
7.6 

7.5 

11 

7.7 

6.5 

tl 

6.2 

6 

3.5 

"      '  2.2 

5.5 

u 

4.6 

7.8 

—0.5 

7.3 

7.8 

tt 

7.4 

7.9 

tl 

8.1 

8.5 

11 

8.2 

7.9 

It 

8.1 

9.9 

11 

9.6 

t 

2.3 

ti 

1.0 

4.5 
4.0 

tt 

tt 

3.6 
3.1 

6.5 

(t 

6.0 

7.3 

—0.3 

7.0 

8.0 
8.0 

+0.1 

8.1 
8.1 

9.5 
10.0 

It 
tl 

9.2 
9.7 

S 

2.0 

(( 

0.7 

3.6 

—0.8 

2.8 

5.4 

(C 

4.9 

6.3 

(( 

6.0 

8.0 

(( 

8.1 

10.2 

-0.4 

9.8 

2.0 

"      i  0.7 

3.1 

(( 

2.3 

7.4 

It 

7.5 

10.2 

,     tt 

9.8 

9 

2.4 

"        1.1 

3.1 

(( 

2.3 

4.0 

ti 

3.5 

5.5 

It 

5.2 

6.9 

ti 

7.0 

10.2 

tt 

9.8 

2.6 1      "         1.3 

3.2 

tt 

2.4 

4.0 

(c 

3.5 

10.1 

tt 

9.7 

10 

2.7    —1.2     1.5 

4.3 

tt 

3.5 

3.7 
3.9 

(t 
tl 

3.2 
3.4 

5.3 

(t 

5.0 

6.0 

tt 

6.1 

9.8 

It 

9.4 

11 

6.7       "      ;  5.5 

5.7 

—0.7 

5.0 

4.4 

ti 

3.9 

5.5 

(( 

5.2 

4.8 

tt 

4.9 

9.0 

tl 

8.6 

5.5 

(( 

5.0 

5.3 

—0.2 

5.1 

Noon 

11.1 

9.9 

8.3 

tl 

7.6 

6.8 

(( 

6.3 

5.1 
5.3 

tt 
tt 

4.9 
5.1 

4.6 

0.0 

4.6 

7.5 

—0.5 

7.0 

1 

13.1 
13.6 

11.9 

12.4 

... 

8.1 

ti 

7.6 

5.6 

It 

5.4 

4.4 

4.5 

tl 
tl 

4.4 

4.5 

6.5 
6.3 

tt 

it 

6.0 
5.8 

2 

14.2 

"       13.0 

.  -  - 

9.5 

tl 

9.0 

7.1 

It 

6.9 

4.5 

11 

4.5 

6.0 

It 

5.5 

14.2!      "       13.0 

5.1 

tt 

5.1 

6.0 

(( 

5.5 

3 

14.1  i  —1.1    13.0 
13.0        "      ,11.9 

— 

10.6 
10.9 

tt 
(t 

10.1 
10.4 

8.3 

It 

8.1 

5.5 

It 

5.5 

6.5 

—0.6 

5.9 

4 

12.3        " 

11.2 

11.5 

—0.6 

10.9 

11.2 
11.2 

t( 

10.7 
10.7 

9.5 

11 

9.3 

7.1 

11 

7.1 

7.0 

tt 

6.4 

5 

10.8        " 

9.7 

11.0 

tl 

10.4 

11.1 

(( 

10.6 

10.1 

—0.1 

10.0 

9.2 

—0.1 

9.1 

7.9 

C( 

7.3 

10.7 

u 

10.1 

10.2 

(( 

9.7 

10.5 

(( 

10.4 

9.6 

9.5 

6 

8.2       " 

7.1 

9.1 

tl 

8.5 

10.2 

tt 

9.7 

10.5 
10.5 

It 

It 

10.4 
10.4 

10.1 
9.5 

" 

10.0 
9.4 

9.5 

cc 

8.9 

7 

5.1!      " 

4.0 

7.5 

tl 

6.9 

8.5 

tl 

8.0 

10.5 

tl 

10.4 

11.1 

11 

11.0 

10.9 

it 

10.3 

' 

10.5 

tt 

10.4 

11.1 

11.0 

11.4 

tt 

10.8 

8 

3.3 

2.9 

11        ,    9  O 

T.8 

5.4 

it 

4.8 

7.5 

(( 

7.0 

10.0 

0.0 

10.0 

11.0 
9.8 

tl 

10.9 
9.7 

11.0 
11.0 

tt 
tt 

10.4 
10.4 

n 

3.0 

"      '  1.9 

42 

tt 

3.6 

5.6 

(( 

5.1 

8.1 

t: 

8.1 

8.9 

It 

8.8 

11.0 

11 

10.4 

S.5  '      "         2.4 

4.0 

It 

3.4 

11.3 

tt 

10.7 

10 

4.1!— 1.0     3.1 

3.2 

tt 

2.6 

4.4 

■    tt 

3.9 

7.0 

+0.1 

7.1 

7.0 

" 

6.9 

11.3 

—0.7 

10.6 

,3.2 

" 

2.6 

4.3 

tt 

3.8 

10.9 

it 

10.2 

11 

G.O 

"      '  5.0 

4.0 

(( 

3.4 

4.1 

(( 

3.6 

4.9 

tl 

5.0 

4.7 

—0.2 

4.5 

9.5 

(( 

8.8 

1 

4.5 

tt 

3.9 

4.1 

tl 

3.6 

42 

tl 

4.3 

4.7 

4.5 

Midn't 

7.3 

6.3 

4.9 

tt 

4.3 

4.0 

ti 

3.5 

4.0 

+0.2 

4.2 

4.5 

It 

4.3 

8.5 

It 

7.8 

Nov.  8.    From  this  date  the  ohservations  i 

irc  half-hourly  :  in  the 

iliOVO 

record,  how 

ever,  only  those  half- 

Itnnrly  rf-nilini'w  u'<t»'  in^i-rtivl,  which  occur  ne 

ir  a  high  or  low  water. 

RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OF  THE   TIDES. 


Series  I 

.—Tidal  Observations  from  October  10,  1853,  to  December  28,  1853. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  o 

f  mean  level  7.0,  expressed  in  u 

lits 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate 

rise  of  water. 

November,  1853. 

Mean 

llth. 

Red. 

Ref. 

12th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

13th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

14th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

15th.     Red. 

Ref. 

16th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to 

ubs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

1,-vel. 

level. 

6.1 

—0.7 

5.4 

16.8 

—5.5 

11.3 

1 

4.6 
4.4 

(( 

3.9 
3.7 

6.0 

—0.9 

5.1 

8.8 

—1.6 

7.2 

11.5 

—4.1 

7.4 

13.0 

—5.2 

7.8 

16.1 

li 

9.6 

'» 

3.6 

3.1 

—0.8 

2.8 
2.3 

5.5 
4.5 

tt 
tt 

4.6 
3.6 

6.7 

tt 

5.1 

9.1 

—4.2 

4.9 

10.0 

ft 

4.8 

14.7 

—5.6 

9.1 

3 

3.5 

it 

2.7 

4.0 

—1.0 

3.0 

4.9 

—1.7 

3.2 

7.5 

—4.3 

3.2 

8.0 

ft 

2.8 

13.0 

ff 

7.4 

3.6 

(( 

2.S 

4.0 

M 

3.0 

4.6 

It 

2.9 

7.0 

" 

2.7 

4 

4.1 

i( 

3.3 

3.8 

(( 

2.8 

4.4 

—1.8 

2.6 

6.5 

—4.4 

2.1 

6.6 

f( 

1.4 

10.5 

ft 

4.9 

4.1 

tt 

3.1 

4.5 

(( 

2.7 

6.5 

" 

2.1 

6.0 

(( 

0.8 

6.1 

—5.7 

0.4 

5 

5.0 

(( 

4.2 

4.6 

11 

3.6 

4.5 

—1.9 

2.6 

6.5 

« 

2.1 

5.9 

(C 

0.7 

6.1 

(f 

0.4 

5.0 

3.1 

6.5 

(( 

2.1 

5.9 

ft 

0.7 

6.3 

—5.8 

0.5 

6 

5.6 

u 

4.8 

7.1 

tt 

6.1 

5.5 

<( 

3.6 

7.0 

—4.5 

2.5 

6.2 

tt 

1.0 

6.3 

tt 

0.5 

1 

8.0 
8.3 

7.2 
7.5 

8.6 

fl 

7.6 

7.5 

—2.0 

5.5 

9.0 

tl 

4.5 

8.0 

tl 

2.8 

7.3 

—5.9 

1.4 

S 

9.5 

It 

8.7 

10.5 

ti 

9.5  10.2 

—2.1 

8.1 

12.4 

—4.6 

7.8 

10.5 

tt 

5.3 

10.0 

—6.0 

4.0 

10.3 

11 

9.5 

11.5 

ti 

10.5 

9 

10.3 
10.0 

(C 

11 

9.5 
9.2 

12.0 
12.2 

ti 
(( 

11.0 
11.2 

12.7 
13.0 

—2.2 

10.6 
10.8 

15.5 

f( 

10.9 

12.9 

tt 

7.7 

12.7 

ft 

6.7 

10 

10.0 

u 

9.2 

12.2 

it 

11.2 

13.7 

tt 

11.5 

17.0 

—4.7 

12.3 

IG.O 

11 

10.8 

16.4 

—6.1 

10.3 

12.0 

It 

11.0 

13.7 

—2.3 

11.4 

17.5 

—4.8 

12.7 

17.3 

tt 

12.1 

11 

9.5 

u 

8.7 

11.7 

—1.1 

10.6 

13.5 

(( 

11.2 

17.3 

—4.9 

12.4 

18.5 

tl 

13.3 

17.9 

ft 

11.8 

12.9 

11 

10.6 

17.1 

" 

12.2 

18.5 

*' 

13.3 

18.5 

—6.2 

12.3 

Noon 

7.5 

u 

6.7 

9.0 

(( 

7.9 

12.1 

—2.4 

9.7 

16.4 

—5.0 

11.4 

18.3 
18.0 

-5.3 

ft 

13.0 
12.7 

19.9 
19.9 

—6.3 

tt 

13.6 
13.6 

1 

6.0 

ti 

5.2 

8.0 

(( 

6.9 

11.1 

—2.5 

8.6 

14.1 

ft 

9.1 

17.6 

ft 

12.3 

18.7 

—6.4 

12.3 

2 

5.3 
5.3 

u 

4.5 
4.5 

6.3 

5.6 

n 
tt 

5.2 
4.5 

9.1 

—2.6 

6.5 

12.0 

ti 

7.0 

15.5 

fC 

10.2 

17.9 

ft 

11.5 

3 

5.0 
5.0 

4.2 

4.2 

4.9 
5.0 

tt 

tt 

3.8 
3.9 

7.8 

—2.7 

5.1 

9.3 

—5.1 

4.2 

12.0 

(( 

6.7 

15.0 

ft 

8.6 

4 

5.5 

u 

4.7 

5.0 
5.0 

n 
tt 

3.9 
3.9 

6.3 

—2.8 

3.5 

8.5 
9.0 

ft 

tt 

3.4 

3.9 

10.3 
9.5 

li 
tt 

5.0 
4.2 

12.6 

—6.5 

6.1 

5 

6.6 

u 

5.8 

5.5 

—1.2 

4.3 

6.3 

—2.9 

3.4 

8.0 

ec 

2.9 

8.9 

It 

3.6 

10.6 

tf 

4.1 

5.5 

(t 

2.6 

8.0 

ft 

2.9 

8.9 

It 

3.6 

10.3 

—6.7 

3.6 

6 

8.0 

u 

7.2 

6.4 

(( 

5.2 

5.5 
6.8 

—3.0 
—3.1 

2.5 
3.7 

8.5 

—5.2 

3.3 

8.9 
8.9 

—5.4 

(t 

3.5 
3.5 

10.0 
10.0 

a 

—6.8 

3.3 
3.2 

7 

10.0 

a 

9.2 

7.7 

(( 

6.5 

8.7 

—3.2 

5.5 

9.6 

(( 

4.4 

9.2 

ft 

3.8 

10.0 
11.0 

-6.9 

tf 

3.1 
4.1 

8 

11.4 

11.8 

—0.9 

10.5 
10.9 

10.4 

—1.3 

9.1 

11.0 

—3.3 

7.7 

11.4 

11 

6.2 

10.7 

ft 

5.3 

11.5 

—7.0 

4.5 

9 

12.7 
12.7 

tt 

11.8 
11.8 

11.8 
12.8 

It 
tt 

10.5 
11.5 

13.7 

—3.4  10.3 

13.1 

ti 

7.9 

13.7 

tt 

8.3 

14.0 

(f 

7.0 

10 

12.1 

*' 

11.2 

12.7 
12.5 

—1.4 

It 

11.3 
11.1 

14.4 
14.5 

—3.6  10.8 
—3.7  ;10.8 

14.7 
15.0 

it 

9.5 
9.8 

16.6 

tl 

11.2 

16.0 

(t 

9.0 

11 

11.4 

It 

10.5 

11.9 

tt 

10.5 

14.8 

—3.8 

11.0 

14.6 

(( 

9.4 

17.8 

It 

12.4 

17.5 

—7.1 

10.4 

14.4 

—3.9 

10.5 

14.5 

<( 

9.3 

18.5 

—5.5 

13.0 

18.0 

ti 

10.9 

Midn't 

9.2 

<( 

8.3 

10.6 

—1.5 

9.1 

13.6 

-^.0 

9.6 

14.1 

it 

8.9 

18.5 

t( 

13.0 

17.9 

a 

10.8 

10 


RECORD    AND    REDUCTION    OF   THE    TIDES. 


Series  I 

—Tidal 

Observations  from  October  10,  1853,  to  December  28, 

185 

3. 

Ilourly  observations  on  the  pnlley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  t.O,  expressed  in  units 

of  the  scale.     Ineieasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 

November,  1853. 

Mean 

17th.     Red. 

Ref. 

18th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

19th. 

Red. 

Ref 

20th. 

Red. 

Ref 

21st. 

Red. 

Ref 

22d. 

Red. 

Ref. 

sular 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

17.8    —7.2 

10.6 

1.4 

+  12.3 

13.7 

16.5 

—6.7 

9.8 

16  5 

—8.2 

8.3 

1 

17.0        " 

9.8 

1.0 

(( 

13.3 

16.5 

(( 

9.8 

17.0 

(( 

8.8 

17.3 

—9.6 

7.7 

3.5 

+-3.2 

6.7 

[ 

20.3 

—7.6 

12.7 

16.5 

(t 

9.8 

17.4 

—8.3 

9.1 

17.5 

" 

7.9 

3.9 

t( 

7.1 

2 

16.0    —7.3 

8.7 

20.0 

—7.5 

12.5 

16.0 

(; 

9.3 

16.8 

(( 

8.5 

17.6 
17.6 

8.0 
8.0 

4.3 
4.4 

+3.1 

+  3.0 

7.4 
7.4 

3 

14.9    —7.4 

7.5 

18.0 

tc 

10.5 

15.1 

—6.8 

8.3 

16  0 

(f 

7.7 

17.6 
17.0 

—9.7 

ft 

7.9 
7.3 

4.5 
4.5 

+2.9 

tt 

7.4 
7.4 

4 

12.0:  —7.5 

4.5 

16.5 

(i 

9.0 

13.8 

11 

7.0 

14.5 

—8.4 

6.1 

16.5 

(( 

6.8 

4.0 

+2.8 

6.8 

5 

10.4;      " 

2.9 

14.3 

—7.4 

6.9 

11.4 

—6.9 

4.5 

12.7 

(( 

4.3 

13.6 

(t 

3.9 

3.2 

+2.6 

5.8 

G 

9.8  '  —7.6 

2.2 

13.5 

li 

6.1 

10.2 

<( 

3.3 

12.0 

—8.5 

3.5 

13.4 

—9.8 

3.6 

3.5 

+2.5 

6.0 

9.0'      " 

1.4 



11 

9.5 

—7.0 

2.5 

13.2 

(t 

3.4 

t 

9.0    —7.7 

1.3 

7.2 

—7.3 

-0.1 

9.0 

—7.1 

1.9 

11.6 

It 

3.1 

13.0 

(t 

3.2 

3.3 

+2.4 

5.7 

10.0 

2.3 

7.5 

tl 

0.2 

10.0 

—7.2 

2.8 

11.2 

ti 

2.7 

13.0 

tt 

3.2 

3.0 

tt 

5.4 

8 

11.0       " 

3.3 

7.,Q 

11 

0.5 

10.2 

—7.3 

2.9 

11.2 

—8.6 

2.6 

13.0 

(t 

3.2 

3.0 

+2.3 

5.3 

9^6 

11 

2.3 

11.5 

(( 

2.9 

13.0 

t( 

3.2 

2.8 

(t 

5.1 

9 

13.5 

(( 

5.8 

11.9 

—7.2 

4.7 

12.0 

t( 

4.7 

12.4 

—8.7 

3.7 

13.1 

ft 

3.3 

2.9 
3.0 

It 

+2.2 

5.2 
5.2 

10 

16.1 

—7.8 

8.3 

14.5 

(( 

7.3 

14.9 

—7.4 

7.5 

14.5 

—8.8 

5.7 

16.7 

t( 

6.9 

3.5 

(t 

5.7 

11 

19.3 
20.0 

11.5 
12.2 

17.0 

—7.1 

9.9 

17.3 

(( 

9.9 

17.5 

—8.9 

8.6 

19.1 

ft 

9.3 

4.3 

(t 

6.5 

Noon 

20.8 

H 

13.0 

18.5 

—7.0 

11.5 

19.2 

—7.5 

11.7 

19.5 

—9.0 

10.5 

19.5 

—9.9 

9.6 

5.6 

+2.1 

7.7 

20.8 

(( 

13.0 

19.0 

t( 

12.0 

19.5 

U 

12.0 

20.0 

(( 

11.0 

1 

20.6 

(( 

12.8 

19.0 

—6.9 

12.1 

20.0 

It 

12.5 

20.5 

—9.1 

11.4 

20.0 

tt 

10.1 

7.2 

+2.0 

9.2 

20.5 

(1 

12.7 

IS. 9 

" 

12.0 

20.5 

11 

13.0 

20.5 

(( 

11.4 

2 

19.0 

-7.9 

11.1 

18.5 

—6.8 

11.7 

20.0 
19.6 

—7.6 

12.4 

12.0 

20.6 
20.5 

—9.2 

11.5 
11.3 

1.0 
3.5 

+9.6 
+7.2 

10.6 
10.7 

8.0 

+1.8 

9.8 

3 

17.0 

(( 

9.1 

16.3 

({ 

9.5 

19.0 

ti 

11.4 

20.2 

tt 

11.0 

5.2 
5.2 

+4.9 

(t 

10.1 
10.1 

8.4 
8.5 

+1.6 

tt 

10.0 
10.1 

4 

16.0 

(t 

8.1 

14.4 

It 

7.G 

17.4 

—7.7 

9.7 

18.9 

—9.3 

9.G 

5.0 
4.3 

+4.8 

tt 

9.8 
9.1 

8.5 
8.5 

+1.4 

t( 

9.9 
9.9 

5 

12.0 
11.4 

(( 
(( 

4.1 
3.5 

11.0 

11 

4.2 

15.4 

U 

7.7 

17.0 

(t 

7.7 

3.9 

+4.6 

8.5 

8.5 
8.0 

+1.3 

tf 

9.8 
9.3 

6 

11.0 
11.0 

11 
U 

3.1 
3.1 

10.0 

U 

3.2 

13.0 

—7.8 

5.2 

15.2 

—9.4 

5.8 

3.2 

+4.4 

7.6 

4.8 

+1.2 

6.0 

7 

11.0 

(( 

3.1 

9.0 

U 

2.2 

12.0 

—7.9 

4.1 

13.5 

(t 

4.1 

1.6 

+4.2 

5.8 

5.6 

+1.1 

6.7 

11.4 

(( 

3.5 

8.7 

C( 

1.0 

11.0 

11 

3.1 

1.0 

it 

8 

12.0 

(( 

4.1 

8.0 

1( 

1.2 

10.3 

—8.0 

2.3 

13.2 

—9.5 

.3.7 

0.3 

+-4.0 

4.3 

4.6 

+1.0 

5.6 

10.3 

(( 

3.5 

11.0 

(( 

3.0 

13.1 

(( 

3.6 

0.4 

t( 

4.4 

9 

14.5 

u 

6.6 

11.1 

-6.7 

4.4 

12.5 

—8.1 

4.4 

13.1 

13.5 

tt 
tt 

3.6 
4.0 

0.6 
0.5 

+  3.8 

4.4 
4.3 

3.1 
3.1 

+0.9 

tf 

4.0 
4.0 

lo 

17.5 

u 

9.6 

14.0 

ti 

7.3 

14.5 

11 

6.4 

13.7 

—9.6 

4.1 

0.8 
0.5 

+3.6 

tt 

4.4 
4.1 

3.1 
3.1 

+0.8 
+0.7 

3.9 

3.8 

11 

19.7 
20.3 

—7.8 

11.9 
12.5 

16.2 

tt 

9.5 

15.9 

u 

7.8 

14.7 

u 

5.1 

0.2 

1.2 

+3.4 

3.6 
4.6 

3.1 

3.5 

+0.6 
-1-0.5 

3.7 
4.0 

Midn't 

1.4 

4-12.2 

13.6:i6.5 

(( 

9.8, 

16.1 

—8.2 

7.9 

16.2 

(( 

6.6 

1.7 

+3.3 

6.0 

4.1 

+0.4 

4.5 

Nov.  17.  Tlie  scale  reads  up  to  20,  liciico  the  reading  1.4  at  midnight  is  oquivalent  to  21.4. 

Nov.  21.  At  1  P.  M.  the  upper  limit  of  the  scale  was  reached,  the  index  was  cl)anged  afterwards. 

RECORD   AND    REDUCTION    OF    THE   TIDES. 


11 


Series  I. — Tidal  Observations  from  October  10,  1853,  to  December  28,  1853. 

Iloiii-ly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0,  expressed  in  units 

of  the  seal 

a.     Increasing  numbers  indicate 

rise  of  water.                                     1 

November,  1853. 

Mean 

23d. 

Red. 

Ref. 

24th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

25th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

2Gth. 

Red. 

Ref. 

27th. 

Red. 

Ref.  28th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to 

obs. 

to 

oba. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

6.7 

—3.0 

3.7 

10.0 

—6.3 

3.7 

14.8 

—10.3 

4.5 

1 

4.7 

+0.4 

5.1 

7.4 

7.8 

—3.2 
—3.3 

4.2 
4.5 

10.2 
10.4 

—6.4 

3.9 
4,0 

14.5 
14.6 

—10. 

11 

4.2 
4.3 

14.7 

—10.4 

4.3 

17.5 

—12.0 

5.5 

2 

5.6 

+0.2 

5.8 

8.1 

—3.4 

4.7 

10.7 

—6.5 

4.2 

14.7 

—10.4 

4.3 

13.7 
13.3 

it 

it 

3.3 

2.9 

15.3 
14.9 

—12.1 

It 

3,2 

2.8 

3 

6.2 

0.0 

6.2 

9.1 

—3.5 

5.6 

11.2 

— e.6 

4.6 

15.2 

—10.5 

4.7 

13.1 
13.0 

—10.3 

2.8 
2.7 

14.7 
14.5 

—12.2 

2.5 
2.3 

4 

7.0 

—0.2 

6.8 

10.0 

—3.6 

6.4 

12.5 

—6.7 

5.8 

15.5 

—10.6 

4.9 

13.2 

—10.4 

2.8 

14.5 
14.8 

—12.3 

2.2 
2.5 

5 

7.0 

—0.3 

6.7 

10.5 

—3.7 

6.8 

13.6 

—6.9 

6.7 

16.5 

It 

5.9 

16.0 

It 

5.6 

15.6 

—12.4 

3.2 

6 

7.5 
7.5 

—0.5 
—0.6 

7.0 
6.9 

11.1 

—3.8 

7.3 

15.0 
15.6 

—7.0 

ti 

8.0 
8.6 

18.0 

—10.7 

7.3 

17.3 

tt 

6.9 

18.2 

—12.5 

5.7 

7 

7.6    —0.7 
7.8  '•  —0.8 

6.9 
7.0 

11.6 
11.9 

—3.9 

7.7 
8.0 

15.7 
16.0 

—7.1 

—7.2 

8.6 

8.8 

19.4 

11 

8.7 

19.8 

—10.5 

9.3 

20.3 

—12.6 

7.7 

8 

7.9'— 0.9 

7.0 

12.5 

—4.0 

8.5 

15.6 

—7.3 

8.3 

20.0 

—10.8 

9.2 

20.9 

—10.6 

10.3 

22.6 

-12.7 

9.9 

7.8 

—0.9 

6.9 

11.6 

—4.1 

7.5 

20.2 

(( 

9.4 

21.2 

li 

10.6 

23.8 

(t 

11.1 

9 

7.7 

—1.0 

6.7 

11.0 

—4.2 

6.8 

15.2 

—7.4 

7.8 

20.0 

tt 

9.2 

21.5 

—10.7 

10.8 

24.5 

—12.8 

11.7 

7.7 

H 

6.7 

19.5 

it 

8.7 

21.6 

(( 

10.9 

24.7 

(t 

11.9 

10 

7.7 

—1.1 

6.6 

9.5 

-4.4 

5.1 

15.7 

—7.6 

8.1 

19.0 

—10.7 

83 

21.3 

—10.8 

10.5 

24.8 

(( 

12.0 

7.71      " 

6.6 

20.9 

(( 

10.1 

24.3 

ti 

11.5 

11 

8  0    —1.2 

6.8 

9.0 

8.8 

—4.5 

" 

4.5 
4.3 

16.0 
15.^ 

—7.8 

8.2 

17.8 

(( 

7.1 

20.9 

—10.9 

10.0 

23.8 

—12.9 

10.9 

Noou 

8.6    —1.3 

7.3 

8.0 

-4.6 

3.4 

—8.0 

7.5 

16.3 

(C 

5.6 

19.2 

(( 

8.3 

22.7 

(( 

9.8 

8.9 

(( 

4.3 

15.5 

—8.1 

7.4 

1 

9.6    —1.5 

8.1 

9.9 

-4.7 

5.2 

15.4 

—8.2 

7.2 

15.7 

tt 

5.0 

18.2 

—11.0 

7.2 

21.4 

13.0 

8.4 

15.2 

—8.3 

6.9 

15.4 

4.7 

2 

10.4 

—1.6 

8.8 

10.3 

—4.8 

5.5 

15.8 

—8.4 

7.4 

15.1 
15.0 

It 

4.4 
4.3 

17.1 

tt 

6.1 

18.4 

tt 

5.4 

3 

UA   —1.8 

9.6 

11.4 

—4.9 

6.5 

16.0 

—8.6 

7.4 

15.1 
15.4 

ti 

4.4 
4.7 

15.2 
14.9 

—11.1 

4.1 

3.8 

17.1 

15.8 

tt 
tt 

4.1 

2.8 

4 

11.8    —2.0 
12.0    —2.1 

9.8 
9.9 

12.6 

—5.0 

7.6 

16.4 

—8.8 

7.6 

15.5 

—10.6 

4.9 

14.6'— 11.2 
16.9       " 

3.4 

5.7 

15.7 
15.6 

tt 
tt 

2.7 
2.6 

5 

12.0 :  —2.2 

9.8 

13.5  1  —5.1 

8.4 

18.1 

—9.0 

9.1 

17.0 

(( 

6.4 

17.5  —11.3 

6.2 

15.9 

tt 

2.9 

12.0 

—2.3 

9.7 

13.9 

—5.2 

8.7 

19.1 

—9.1 

10.0 

16.4 

tt 

3.4 

6 

12.2 

" 

9.9 

14.6 

—5.3 

9.3 

19.6 

—9.3 

10.3 

19.1 

(I 

8.5 

19.3  —11.4 

7.9 

17.7 

tt 

4.7 

11.8 

—2.4 

9.4 

14.9 

—5.4 

9.5 

19.7 

—9.4 

10.3 

7 

11.4 

" 

9.0 

14.4 

—5.5 

8.9 

19.8 

—9.5 

10.3 

20.0 

(( 

9.4 

20.9  —11.5 

9.4 

20.0 

tt 

7.0 

14.4 

—5.6 

8.8 

20.0 

—9.7 

10.3 

20.5 

9.9 

22.0        " 

10.5 

8 

10.0 :  —2.5 

7.5 

13.7 

—5.7 

8.0 

19.4 

—9.8 

9.6 

20.4 
20.4 

—10.5 

9.9 
9.9 

22.1  —11.6 

22.8 1      " 

10.5 
11.2 

22.0 

tt 

9.0 

9 

9.0    —2.6 

6.4 

12.8 

—5.9 

6.9 

18.5 

—9.9 

8.6 

20.4 

ti 

9.9 

22.9  !— 11.7 

11.2 

23.7 

tt 

10.7 

20.1 

9.6 

22.9 

It 

11.2 

23.9 

tt 

10.9 

10 

8.2'  —2.7 

5.5 

12.5 

—6.0 

6.5 

18.0 

—10.0 

8.0 

19.8 

11 

9.3 

22.6 

—11.8 

10.8 

23.9 

tt 

10.9 

22.1 

(t 

10.3 

24.0 

It 

11.0 

11 

7.7 
7.4 

—2.8 
—2.9 

49 
4.5 

11.5 

—6.1 

5.4 

16.0 

—10.1 

5.9 

17.7 

tt 

7.2 

2l!6 

—11.9 

9.7 

23.5 
21.1 

tt 
tt 

12.5 

8.1 

Midn't 

7.2    —3.0 

4.2 

10.9 

—6.2 

4.7 

15.0 

—10.3 

4.7 

16.2 

—10.4 

5.8 

19.7 

—12.0 

7.7 

20.8 

It 

7.8 

Nov.  26.  From  11  A.  M.  of  this  d< 

ly  two  readings  are  given  for  each  1 

lalf  hour ;  the  mean  of  the  two  observa- 

tions  has  been  Inserted  above.     The 

two  corresponding  readings  agree  f 

jenerally  within  a  few  tenths,  the  differ- 

ence  being  due  to  the  effect  of  the  s 

mall  waves. 

Nov.  28.  Orders  were  given  to  o' 

jserve  and  record  careful  soundings 

by  lead  line  at  the  tide  hole  every  day 

at  twelve  o'clock. 

12 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION    OF   THE    TIDES. 


Series  I. — Tidal  Observations  from  October  10,  1853,  to  December  28,  1853. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0,  expressed  in  units 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 

November,  1853. 

December,  1853. 

Mean 

29tli. 

Bed. 

-Ret 

30th. 

Red.  1  Ref. 

1st. 

Red. 

Ref. 

2d. 

Red. 

Ref. 

3d. 

Red. 

Ref. 

4th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to 

obs. 

to 

oba. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 



18.0 

—8.7 

9.3 



_  .  - 

18.0 

—10.8 

7.2 

1 

18.7 

—13.0 

5.7 

13.1 

—5.8 

7.3 

15.0 

—6.6 

8.4 

17.6 

tt 

8.9 

19.3  —9.9 

18.8'     " 

9.4 
8.9 

18.6 
19.2 

—10.9 

7.8 
8.3 

2 

15.8 

—12.9 

2.9 

9.3 

(( 

3.5 

12.4 

il 

5.8 

15.5 

-8.8 

6.7 

17.8 

tt 

7.9 

19.2 
19.1 

It 
(t 

8.3 

8.2 

3 

14.7 
14.1 

(( 
11 

1.8 
1.2 

7.2 
7.0 

it 
u 

1.4 
1.2 

9.2 

—6.7 

2.5 

12.1 

—8.9 

3.2 

IC.O 

11 

6.1 

18.7 

—11.0 

7.7 

4 

13.8 
13.5 

—12.8 

11 

1.0 
0.7 

6.2 
5.9 

0.4 
0.1 

8.2 

—6.8 

1.4 

10.1 

—9.0 

1.1 

14.1 

tt 

4.2 

17.1 

(t 

6.1 

5 

13.6 

tt 

0.8 

6.8 

t( 

1.0 

6.0 

tt 

—0.8 

8.0 

—9.1 

—1.1 

11.6 

tt 

1.7 

14.0 

—11.1 

2.9 

14.2 

—12  7 

1.5 

8.2 

u 

2.4 

5.6 

tt 

—1.2 

7.3 

il 

—1.8 

12.5 

tt 

1.4 

0 

14.7 

([ 

2.0 

9.6 

tt 

3.8 

6.5 

-6.9 

—0.4 

7.1 

—9.2 

—2.1 

10.1 

tt 

0.2 

11.4 

—11.2 

0.2 

6.7 

il 

—0.2 

9.0 

—9.3 

-0.3 

9.7 

tt 

—0.2 

11.3 

tl 

0.1 

7 

16.8 

—12.6 

4.2 

11.7 

ft 

5.9 

7.5 

—7.0 

0.5 

9.8 

—9.4 

0.4 

9.5 
10.0 

11 
tt 

—0.4 
0.1 

11.5 
12.0 

tt 

—11.3 

0.3 

0.7 

8 

19.7 

—12.5 

7.2 

13.8 

(( 

8.0 

11.0 

tt 

4.0 

10.5 

—9.5 

1.0 

11.2 

tt 

1.3 

12.0 

U 

0.7 

9 

23.5 

—12.4 

11.1 

17.7 

ti 

11.9 

13.8 

—7.1 

6.7 

14.6 

—9.6 

5.0 

14.2 

tt 

4.3 

13.8 

(( 

2.5 

10 

25.2 
25.5 

—12.3 
—12.2 

12.9 
13.3 

19.2 
19.5 

11 

It 

13.4 
13.7 

18.1 

—7.2 

10  9 

17.8 

—9.7 

8.1 

16.0 

tt 

6.1 

17.3 

—11.4 

5.9 

11 

25.5 

—12.1 

13.4 

19.5 

(t 

13.7 

19.3 

—7.3 

12.0 

20.2 

—9.8 

10.4 

18.3 

tt 

8.4 

19.8 

ft 

8.4 

25.8 

—12.0 

13.8 

19.2 

It 

13.4 

19.8 

tt 

12.5 

22.4 

—9.9 

12.5 

Noon 

18.2 
17.1 

—5.8 

12.4 
11.3 

16.3 

it 

12.5 

20.2 
20.0 

—7.4 

u 

12.8 
12.6 

22.9 
23.3 

—10.0 

12.9 
13.3 

21.6 

—9.8 

11.8 

21.7 

—11.5 

10.2 

1 

15.2 

9.4 

16.3 

11 

10.5 

19.8 

—7.5 

12.3 

23.6 
23.1 

u 
(1 

13.6 
13.1 

22.5 
22.6 

ft 

12.7 

12.8 

23.8 
24.7 

ft 

12.3 
13.2 

'? 

11.7 

U 

5.9 

13.0 

—5.9 

7.1 

16.9 

—7.6 

9.3 

22.0 

(( 

12.0 

22.7 
21.5 

—9.9 

12.8 
11.6 

25.2 
24.3 

ft 
U 

13.7 

12  8 

3 

8.7 
8.2 

11 

2.9 
2.4 

9.0 

(( 

3.1 

13.7 

—7.7 

6.0 

19.8 

(t 

9.8 

20.5 

10.0 

10.5 

23.9 

it 

12.4 

4 

7.0 
7.2 

—5.8 

1.2 
1.4 

S.l 
8.0 

—6.0 

(t 

2.1 

2.0 

10.1 

—7.8 

2.3 

16.2 

(( 

6.2 

18.0 

10.1 

7.9 

21.8 

tt 

10.3 

5 

7.1 
7.4 

1( 

1.3 
1.6 

7.7 
7.7 

(t 
tt 

1.7 
1.7 

8.5 
8.1 

—7.9 

tt 

0.6 
0.2 

12.9 

(( 

2.9 

15.7 

tt 

5.6 

19.8 

ft 

8.3 

6 

7.8 

(( 

2.0 

8.0 

—6.1 

1.9 

7.7 

—8.0 

—0.3 

10.9 

(( 

0.9 

14.5 

10.2 

4.3 

16.7 

tt 

5.2 

9.2 

" 

3.4 

9.2 

(( 

3.1 

7.7 

tt 

—0.3 

10.3 

tc 

0.3 

7 

10.0 

(( 

4.2 

10.2 

t( 

4.1 

8.2 

—8.1 

0.1 

10.0 
10.6 

tt 

0.0 
0.6 

11.9 
11.2 

10.3 

(t 

1.6 
0.9 

14.5 

(t 

3.0 

8 

13.3 

(( 

7.5 

11.9 

— G.2 

5.7 

11.1 

—8.2 

2.9 

10.6 

tt 

0.6 

10.4 
10.3 

10.4 

tt 

0.0 

—0.1 

13.6 
13.3 

tt 

ft 

2.1 
1.8 

9 

14.8 

t( 

9.0 

14.4 

tc 

8.2 

12.6 

—8.3 

4.3 

12.0 

u 

2.0 

11.3 

10.5 

0.8 

13.1 
13.3 

ft 

ft 

1.6 
1.8 

10 

15.9 
1(;.5 

10.1 
10.7 

16.2 

—6.3 

9.9 

15.3 

-8.4 

6.9 

14.9 

tt 

4.9 

13.7 

10.6 

3.1 

14.0 

(t 

2.5 

11 

ii;.5 

(t 

10.7 

16.6 

—6.4 

10.2 

17.3 

—8.5 

8.8 

17.0 

It 

7.0 

15.6 

10.7 

4.9 

16.0 

ft 

4.5 

l(i.3 

(( 

10.5 

17.0 

*' 

10.6 

17.9 

<( 

9.4 

18.2 

ft 

8.2 

Midu't 

KJ.l 

(( 

10.3 

17.3 

—6.5 

10.8 

18.1 

—8.6 

9.5 

18.9 

t{ 

8.9 

18.2 

10.8 

7.4 

17.8 

—11.5 

6.3 

Nov.  29. 

Tide  register  con 

ected  at  noou.    Sounding  at  noon 

7  faUi.,0  feet,  4  inches,  register  18.2. 

It  may  be 

remarked  t 

liat  soundings  are 

subject  to  uncertainty  in  case  of 

any  drift  of  the  ice  field  in  wliich  thi 

J  vessel  was 

imbedded. 

ind  also  in  case  t 

le  bottom  be  soft.     Some  allowanc 
Fiilh,     Feet.     Inch.       Reg. 

e  must  be  made  for  stretch  of  the  lii 

le. 

Nov.  30. 

Sounding  at  nooi 

1     7        2        3        18.2         (This 

sounding  was  not  used,  apparently  n 

ut  reliable.) 

Dec.    1. 

l(                        K 

8        0        0        20.2  ■ 

"      2. 
"      3. 

«            tt 

7        5         G        22.7 

A  mea 

n  correction  was  used  for  these  days, 

as  deduced 

<(            (( 

8        0        0        22.0 

fron 

1  enveloping  curves  and  the  soundin 

53. 

"      4. 

i(            11 

7        4        U        22.0 

RECORD    AND    RPJDUCTION   OF   TUE   TIDES. 


13 


Series  I. — Tidal  Oisservations 

FROM  October  10,  1853,  to  December  28,  1853. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge 

Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0 

,  expressed  in  units 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 

December,  1853. 

Mean 

5th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

6th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

7th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

8th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

9th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

10th. 

Bed. 

Ref. 

solar 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

2.3 

+1.4 

3.7 

1.8 

—0.1 

1.7 

1 

19.7 

—11.6 

8.1 

20.1 

—15.3 

4.8 

4.7 

—2.7 

2.0 

2.5 

+1.0 

3.5 

1.2 

It 

1.1 

7.5 

—1.8 

5.7 

20.2 

" 

8.6 

3.1 

+0.8 

3.9 

1.4 

—0.2 

1.2 

7.3 

U 

5.5 

2 

20.5 

—11.7 

8.8 

21.6 

—15.8 

5.8 

5.2 

—3.1 

2.1 

3.7 

+0.7  i  4.4 

1.6 

(( 

1.4 

7.1 

—1.9 

5.2 

20.8 

i( 

9.1 

22.1 

—16.1 

6.0 

7.2 

(( 

5.3 

3 

20.4 
19.9 

—11.8 

8.6 
8.1 

22.5 
22.4 

—16.4 
—16.6 

6.1 
5.8 

7.9 

—3.5 

4.4 

4.7 

+0.5 

5.2 

2.7 

—0.3 

2.4 

7.5 

—2.0 

5.5 

4 

19.2 

—11.9 

7.3 

22.5 
22.5 

—16.9 
—17.1 

5.6 
5.4 

9.0 

—3.9 

5.1 

5.6 

—0.3 

5.9 

3.6 

(f 

3.3 

8.2 

" 

6.2 

5 

17.9 

—12.0 

5.9 

22.1 

—17.3 

4.8 

10.0 

—4.4 

5.6 

7.0 

8.0 

0.0 

—0.7 

7.0 
7.3 

7.0 

—0.4 

6.6 

9.5 

—2.1 

7.4 

6 

17.1 

—12.1 

5.0 

21.2 

—17.6 

8.6 

11.0 
12.1 

—5.0 
—5.2 

6.0 
6.9 

9.1 
9.8 

—1.5 
—2.2 

7.6 
7.6 

9.1 

« 

8.7 

11.2 

—2.2 

9.0 

7 

14.7 

12.2 

2.5 

21.3 

—17.9 

3.4 

11.9 

—5.4 

6.5 

9.9 

—3.0 

6.9 

10.3 

—0.5 

9.8 

12.3 

tt 

10.1 

14.3 

ii 

2.1 

20.5 

—18.1 

2.4 

12.5 

—5.7 

6.8 

1 

8 

13.6 

—12.3 

1.3 

20.6 

—18.3 

2.3 

12.4 

—5.9 

6.5 

11.3 

—4.5 

6.8 

11.3 

« 

10.8 

13.0 

—2.3 

10.7 

13.6 

il 

1.3 

20.7 

—18.4 

2.3 

12.5 

—6.1 

6.4 

11.8 

—0.6 

11.2 

13.1 

"    lio.s  1 

9 

13.7 

—12.4 

1.3 

21.1 

—18.6 

2.5 

12.3 

—6.3 

6.0 

11.4 

—6.0 

5.4 

11.6 

1( 

11.0 

13.3 

—2.4 

10.9 

14.4 

" 

2.0 

11.7 

-6.5 

5.2 

11.2 

—0.7 

10.5 

13.5 

a 

11.1 

10 

15.2 

—12.5 

2.7 

21.6 

—18.9 

2.7 

12.2 

—6.8 

5.4 

12.4 

—7.5 

4.9 

10.7 

it 

10.0 

13.3 

—2.5 

10.8 

11 

17.8 

—12.6 

5.2 

22.7 

—19.3 

3.4 

11.2 

—7.3 

3.9 

13.2 

—9.0 

4.2 

9.7 

—0.8 

8.9 

11.8 

<i 

9.3 

Noon 

19.0 

—12.7 

6.3 

24.7 

—19.6 

4.1 

11.1 

-7.7 

3.4 

13.6 
14.1 

—10.5 
—11.2 

3.1 

2.9 

8.0 

—0.9 

7.1 

9.8 

—2.6 

7.2 

1 

20.9 

—12.9 

8.0 

26.7 

—19.9 

6.8 

17.1 

—13.1 

4.0 

15.0 

—12.0 

3.0 

4.5 
4.7 

—1.0 

3.6 
3.7 

9.2 
8.6 

—2.7 
—2.8 

6.5 
5.8 

2 

23.5 
23.4 

—13.1 
—13.2 

10.4 
10.2 

28.3  —20.3 
29.5—20.4 

8.0 
9.1 

19.7 

—13.6 

6.1 

4.7 

(( 

3.7 

8.2 
8.3 

—2.9 

5.3 

5.4 

3 

24.1 

24.3 

—13.3 
—13.2 

10.8 
11.1 

30.3—20.6 
31.0—20.8 

9.7 
10.2 

21.3 

—14.2 

7.1 

5.2 

—1.1 

4.1 

8.7 
9.2 

—3.0 
—3.1 

5.7 
6.1 

4 

24.1  —13.5 

10.6 

31.3—21.0 
31.5  '—21.2 

10.3 
10.3 

24.2 

—14.7 

9.5 

'3 

03 

7.2 

—1.2 

6.0 

9.7 

1( 

6.6 

5 

23.2  —13.7 

9.5 

31.5—21.3 
30.5  —21.5 

10.2 
9.0 

4.9 

+4.8 

9.7 

0 

1 

10.2 

li 

9.0 

10.2 

—3.2 

7.0 

6 

21.6—13.9 

7.7 

28.5  —21.7 

6.8 

5.3 

5.7 

+4.4 
+4.2 

9.7 
9.9 

'ri 

a 

3 

i 

11.2 

—1.3 

9.9 

11.2 

—3.3 

7.9 

7 

18.9—14.1 

4.8 

27.5  —22.0 

5.5 

6.4 

+4.0 

10.4 

'g 

to 

12.8 

{( 

11.5 

11.9 

—3.5 

8.4 

6.8 

+3.8 

10.6 

o 

f5 

13.0 

—1.4 

11.6 

12.2 

it 

8.7 

8 

17.2—14.2 

3.0 

24.7  —22.4 

2.3 

7.0 

+3.6 

10.6 

a 

o 

s 

13.2 

(( 

11.8 

12.9 

—3.6 

9.3 

24.5  —22.5 

2.0 

6.7 

+3.4 

10.1 

a 

■■8 

In 

13.1 

—1.5 

11.6 

12.7 

—3.7 

9.0 

9 

16.1  —14.4 

1.7 

24.7  —22.7 

2.0 

6.0 

+3.2 

9.2 

1 

g 

1 

12.4 

t( 

10.9 

13.0 

—3.8 

9.2 

15.5  —14.5 

1.0  24.9'— 22.9 

2.0 

(A 

o 

o 

(§ 

13.0 

—3.9 

9.1 

10 

15.8  —14.6 

1.2 

25.0—23.1 

1.9 

4.2 

+2.7 

6.9 

11.1 

—1.6 

9.5 

12.6 

—4.0 

8.6 

lti.6 

—14.7 

1.9 

24.7—23.3 

1.4 

11 

17.1 

—14.8 

2.3 

24.7  —23.5 
24.7  —23.7 

1.2 
1.0 

2.9 

+2.2 

5.1 

9.8 

tt 

8.2 

11.2 

—4.1 

7.1 

Midu't  18.9 
1 

—15.0 

3.9|25.1  —23.9 

1.2 

2.0 

+1.8 

3.8 

S.2 

—1.7 

6.5 

9.5 

—4.2 

5.3 

Fath.     Feet.    Inch. 

Eeg. 

Dec.  ."J.  Sounding  at  noon     7         10 

20,  changed  to 

19.    1    On  these  days  th 

e  corrections  deduced 

"      (i.           "           "              fi         5         (1 

25 

[■       by  enveloping 

curves    or   soundings 

"      7.           "          "             (i        4        (1 

n.l,  changed  to 

16.    J        agree  very  well 

"      8.           "           "             C         3        7 

13.6 

"      9.           "           "              G         4         0 

7.6     (The  mean 

of  the  two  readings  is  8. 

9.) 

"     10.           "           "              6         4         6 

9.7     ( 

t          I           u           (t          q 

B-) 

From  the  nth  to  the  ISth  of  December  the  co 

rrections  deduced 

from  curves  and  soundin 

gs  differ  by  a  constant 

of  nearly  4  feet.    The  differences  are  partly  du 

e  to  imperfect  sou 

udings,  partly  to  sudden 

changes  of  the  pulley- 

gauge  (see  readings  between  noon  and  1  P.  M. 

on  the  itth).     Th< 

!  heights  given,  as  eorrec 

ted  by  the  soundings 

and  cnrves,  are,  during  this  peTiod,  of  little  val 

ue,  the  times  beiu 

g  less  affected.     The  sou 

ddings  were  increased 

by  4  feet,  equal  to  a  reading  of  the  mean  level 

of  32.6. 

u 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OF   THE   TIDES. 


Series  I. — Tidal  Observations 

FROM  October  10,  1853,  to  December  28,  1853. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge 

Adopted  reading  of 

mean  level  7.0,  expressed  in  units 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate 

rise  of  water. 

December,  1853. 

Mean 

11th.     Red.     Ref. 

12th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

13th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

14th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

15th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

16th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to        obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

t 

21.4 

—14.0 

7.4 

23.0—10.6 

12.4 

1 

8.2  '  —4.3 

3.9 

12.2 

— s.s 

3.4 

20.7 

—14.1 

6.6 

13.9 

—7.6 

6.3 

15.4 

—8.5 

6.9 

22.7  —10.8 

11.9 

2 

7.4-4.4 

3.0 

11.1 

—9.1 

2.0 

20.3 

—14.3 

6.0 

12.9 

(t 

5.3 

13.7 

<( 

5.2 

20.4  —11.1 

9.3 

3 

6.8    —4.5 

2.3 

10.2 

—9.3 

0.9 

19.8 

-14.5 

5.3 

11.2 

—7.7 

3.5 

12.2 

—8.6 

3.6 

18.5  —11.4 

7.1 

6.3 

—4.6 

1.7 

10.0 

—9.5 

0.5 

18.9 

-14.6 

4.3 

10.2 

u 

2.5 

4 

6.5 

—4.7 

1.8 

10.0 

—9.7 

0.3 

18.2 

—14.7 

3.5 

10.0 

(( 

2.3 

11.5 

it 

2.9 

16.0  —11.7 

4.3 

7.5 

—4.8 

2.7 

10.2 

—9.8 

0.4 

18.7 

—14.8 

3.9 

10.0 

(( 

2.3 

11.3 

It 

2.7 

15.3—11.8 

3.5 

5 

8.7    —4.9 

3.8 

10.4 

—10.0 

0.4 

19.4 

—14.9 

4.5 

10.0 
10.2 

(( 

2.3 
2.5 

11.1 
11.4 

—8.7 

2.4 
2.7 

15.4—12.0 
15.9  '—12.2 

3.4 
3.7 

6 

11.8    —5.0 

6.8 

12.9 

—10.2 

2.7 

20.8 

—15.1 

5.7 

10.6 

—7.8 

2.8 

11.7 

{( 

3.0 

16.1  —12.3 

3.8 

12.2 

-8.8 

3.4 

7 

12.41-5.1 

7.3 

15.5 

—10.4 

5.1 

22.5 

—15.3 

7.2 

12.1 

11 

4.3 

12.9 

It 

4.1 

17.2 

—12.6 

4.6 

8 

13.7 
14.2 

—5.2 
—5.3 

8.5 
8.9 

18.0 

—10.7 

7.3 

24.7 

—15.5 

9.2 

15.1 

—7.9 

7.2 

15.2 

il 

6.4 

19.1 

—12.9 

6.2 

9 

14.7 
15.0 

—5.4 
—5.5 

9.3 

9.5 

19.7 

—10.9 

8.8 

25.7 

—15.7 

10.0 

17.2 

(( 

9.3 

17.8 

—8.9 

8.9 

21.2 

—13.4 

7.8 

10 

15.0 

u 

9.5 

20.4 

—11.1 

9.3 

26.7 

—15.9 

10.8 

19.4 

—8.0 

11.4 

19.6 

U 

10.7 

24.0 

—13.7 

10.3 

14.7!  —5-6 

9.1 

20.8 

—11.2 

9.6 

27.0 

—16.0 

11.0 

20.2 

(C 

12.2 

11 

14.3 

(( 

S.7 

21.2 
20.2 

-11.3 
—11.4 

9.9 
8.8 

27.0 
27.1 

—16.1 
—16.2 

10.9 
10.9 

20.5 
20.2 

12.5 
12.2 

20.5 

It 

11.6 

26.0 

—14.1 

11.9 

Noon 

13.4    —5.7 

7.7 

20.2 

—11.5 

8.7 

26.8 
12.0 

—16.3 
? 

10.5 

19.6 

—8.1 

11.5 

21.0 
22.0 

—9.0  12.0 
"       13.0 

27.3 

27.5 

—14.5 
—14.7 

12.8 

12.8 

1 

11.2,  —5.9 

5.3 

20.2 

-11.7 

8.5 

11.9 



18.2 

11 

10.1 

22.3 
21.2 

—9.1  13.2 
"       12.1 

27.3 

26.8 

—14.8 
—15.0 

12.5 
11.8 

2 

::.4    —6.1 

3.3 

18.5 

—11.9 

6.6 

10.9 

? 



16.2 

11 

8.1 

20.1 

—9.2  10.9 

26.0 

—15.1 

10.9 

V.7    —6.2 

2.5 

3 

8.3 
8.3 

—6.4 
—6.5 

1.9 
1.8 

16.8 

—12.1 

4.7 

10.8 

—7.1 

3.7 

13.8 

—8.2 

5.6 

17.6 

—9.3 

8.3 

23.1 

—15.3 

7.8 

4 

8.7 

—6.7 

2.0 

15.9 
15.2 

—12.3 
—12.4 

3.6 

2.8 

10.2 
10.0 

—7.2 
11 

3.0 

2.8 

11.5 
11.1 

(C 
(( 

3.3 
2.9 

16.2 

—9.4 

6.8 

21.0 

—15.5 

5.5 

^ 

9.7 

-6.9 

2.8 

15.6 

—12.5 

3.1 

10.3 
10.3 

3.1 

3.1 

10.8 
10.8 

(C 

(( 

2.6 
2.6 

15.6 

15.4 

—9.5 

il 

6.1 
5.9 

18.3 

—15.6 

2.7 

G 

11.2    —7.1 

4.1 

17.7 

—12.7 

5.0 

10.7 

—7.3 

3.4 

10.7 

—8.3 

2.4 

15.1 

—9.6 

5.5 

17.6 

—15.8 

1.8 

10.9 

t( 

2.6 

16.2 

5.6 

17.5 

(( 

1.7 

7 

12.3 

—7.3 

5.0 

19.7 

—12.9 

6.8 

12.2 

« 

4.9 

11.2 

11 

2.9 

15.7 

—9.7     6.0 

17.5 
17.5 

—15.9 

it 

1.6 

1.6 

8 

13.7 

—7.6 

6.1 

21.0 

—13.1 

7.9 

13.0 

ti 

5.7 

13.7 

11 

5.4 

16.8 

—9.8    7.0 

17.7 

—16.0 

1.7 

11 

15.2 

—7.8 

7.4 

21.9 

—13.3 

8.6 

15.1 

—7.4 

7.7 

15.6 

It 

7.3 

18.8 

—9.9,  8.9 

19.7 

—16.1 

3.6 

15.71  —7.9 

7.8 

15.7 

(( 

8.3 

I 

10 

15.8  1  —8.1 

7.7 

22.8 

—13.5 

9.3 

16.0 

« 

8.6 

16.9 

—8.4 

8.5 

21.2 

—10.1  11.1 

21.5 

—16.2 

5.3 

15.8'  —8.3 

7.5 

23.2 

—13.6 

9.6 

16.0 

t( 

8.6 

17.2 

K 

8.8 

1 

11 

15.3 

—8.4 

6.9 

23.3 

—13.7 

9.6 

16.0 

—7.5 

8.5 

17.3 

(( 

8.9 

22.4 

—10.3  12.1 

23.1 

—16.3 

5.8 

23.4 

—13.8 

9.6 

15.7 

<t 

8.2 

17.2 

(( 

8.8 

22^9 

—10.4  12.5 

Midn't  13.7 

—8.6 

5.1 

23.4 

—13.9 

9.5 

15.2 

(( 

7.7 

17.1 

(( 

8.7 

23.0 

—10.5  12.5 

23.8 

—16.4 

7.4 

Falh.    Fool.     Inch.       Reg. 

Dec.  11.  Soundii 

ig  at  noon 

6        2        9        13.3 

"     12. 

i( 

6        4        0        19.9 

"     13. 

(( 

7        1         3        13.3  ( 

Changed  from  26.8) 

"     14.           " 

" 

7        2        2        19.4 

"     15. 

<( 

7        4        0        21.2 

"     10.           " 

It 

7        3        6        27.6 

RECORD   AND  REDUCTION   OF   THE   TIDES. 


15 


Series  I. — Tidal  Observations  from  October  10,  1853,  to  December  28,  1853. 

Hourly  observations  on  tbc  pulley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0,  expressed  in  units 

of  the  seale 

.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water.                                     1 

December,  1853. 

Mean 

17th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

18th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

19th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

20th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

21st. 

Red. 

Ref. 

22d. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

* 

to 

obs. 

* 

to 

obs. 

* 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

24.0 

—16.5 

7.5 

23.4 

—17.6 

5.8 

4.1 

+  3.0 

7.1 

1 

23.7 

—16.6 

7.1 

23.4 
23.4 

5.8 
5.8 

4.2 
5.0 

+2.9 
+2.7 

7.1 

7.7 

14.5 

—3.9 

10.6 

20.4 

—10.7 

9.7 

20.6 

—13.7 

6.9 

2 

23.8 

—16.7 

7.1 

23.2 

tt 

5.6 

5.7 

+2.5 

8.2 

15.1 

—4.2  10.9 

21.4 

—11.0 

10.4 

21.6 

tt 

7.9 

22.6 

it 

5.0 

5.7 

+2.3 

8.0 

15.3 

—4.4  10.9 

22.4 

—11.1 

11.3 

3 

22.9 

tl 

6.2 

21.7 

11 

4.1 

5.0 

+2.2 

7.2 

15.2 

—4.5  10.7 

22.9 

-11.3 

11.6 

22.2 

tt 

8.5 

14.2 

—4.7 

9.5 

22.3 

—11.4 

10.9 

22.4 

tl 

8.7 

4 

21.5 

—16.8 

4.7 

20.2 

tt 

2.6 

3.7 

+2.0 

5.7 

13.5 

-4.8 

8.7 

21.3 

—11.6 

9.7 

22.5 
22.9 

—13.8 

11 

8.7 
9.1 

5 

20.5 
19.9 

tl 

It 

3.7 
3.1 

21.3 

It 

3.7 

2.1 

+1.8 

3.9 

12.2 

—5.2 

7.0 

21.0 

—11.9 

9.1 

22.3 

It 

8.5 

6 

19.6 

—16.9 

2.7 

20.0 

It 

2.4 

1.4 

+1.6 

3.0  10.5 

—5.5 

5.0 

19.3 

—12.2 

7.1 

21.7 

tt 

7.9 

19.7 

2.8 

19.3 

It 

1.7 

1.1 

+1.4 

2.5 

7 

20.2 

It 

3.3 

18.5 
20.2 

tt 

It 

0.9 
2.6 

1.1 

0.9 

+1.3 
+1.1 

2.4 

2.0 

10.1 

—5.8 

4.3 

18.3 

—12.4 

6.9 

20.9 

tl 

7.1 

8 

21.7 

—17.0 

4.7 

20.4 

—17.6 

2.8 

1.6 

+1.0 

2.6 

9.6 
7.7 

—6.1 
—6.3 

3.5 
1.4 

17.8 
17.2 

—12.6 
—12.7 

5.2 
4.5 

19.3 
19.4 

—13.9 

5.4 
5.5 

9 

25.0 

(( 

8.0 

4.3 

? 



2.9 

+0.8 

3.7 

8.0 

8.7 

—6.4 
—6.5 

1.6 
2.2 

17.4 

17.8 

—12.8 
—12.9 

4.6 
4.9 

19.0 
19.0 

It 

5.1 
5.1 

10 

27.7 

-17.1 

10.6 

7.8 

(t 

... 

5.0 

+0.6 

5.6 

9.5 

—6.7 

2.8 

18.3 

—13.0 

5.3 

19.3 

tt 

5.4 

11 

2S.,S 
29^7 

-17.2 

11.7 
12.5 

8.3 

H 

... 

7.1 

+0.3 

7.4 

11.3 

—7.1 

4.2 

19.5 

—13.2 

6.3 

20.3 

11 

6.4 

Noon 

23.0 
22.6 



10.9 

It 



8.2 

0.0 

8.2 

13.1 

—7.5 

5.6 

21.2 

27^8 

—13.4 

? 

7.8 

21.7 

—14.0 

7.7 

1 

21.8 

(( 



12.4 

tl 



10.4 

—0.2 

10.2 

16.9 

—7.7 

9.2 

27.7 

(( 



23.0 

tt 

9.0 

12.5 

11 



10.7 

—0.3  110.4 

2 

20.0 

11 



12.5 

tt 



10.7    —0.5  !10.2 

18.2 

—7.9 

10.3 

24.4 

—13.4 

11.0 

24.5 

—14.1 

10.4 

10.7 

—0.6  ,10.1 

18.4 

—8.0 

10.4 

3 

1S.6 

it 

— 

— 



10.6 

—0.8 

9.8 

18.5 
18.5 

—8.1 

—8.2 

10.4 
10.3 

24.7 

25.0 

—13.5 

11.2 
11.5 

25.3 
25.0 

—14.2 

11.1 
10.8 

4 

18.5 
18.3 

—17.6 

0.9 
0.7 



9.0 

—1.0 

8.0 

17.9 

—8.3 

9.6 

25.0 
24.4 

tt 

11.5 
10.9 

25.8 
25.9 

—14.3 

tt 

11.5 
11.6 

5 

18.2 

li 

0.6 





8.2 

—1.2 

7.0 

17.0 

—8.5 

8.5 

23.5 

ti 

10.0 

25.6  '—14.4 

11.2 

18.2 

ti 

0.6 

16.2 

—8.6 

7.6 

25.1 

ft 

10.7 

6 

18.3 

18.4 

(I 

0.7 

0.8 

— 



8.5 

—1.5 

7.0 

15.6 
16.0 

—8.7 
—8.9 

6.9 
7.1 

22.1 

tt 

8.6 

24.3 

—14.5 

9.8 

7 

18.3 
18.3 

? 



15.2 

9 



7.7 
7.6 

—1.7 
—1.9 

6.0 
5.7 

16.6 

—9.1 

7.5 

20.2 

(f 

6.7 

22.5 

—14.6 

7.9 

8 

18-3 

18.8 

(( 
(( 



15.4 

tt 



7.6 
9.8 

—2.0 
—2.2 

5.6 
7.6 

17.0 

—9.4 

7.6 

19.3 
18.3 

—13.6 

5.7 
4.7 

21.0 

—14.7 

6.3 

9 

19.4 

11 



16.0 

tl 



10.4 

—2.4 

8.0 

17.0 

—9.7 

7.3 

18.0 
18.0 

tt 
ft 

4.4 
4.4 

20.8 

—14  8 

6.0 

10 

20.8 

11 



17.6 

tt 

— 

11.6 

—2.8 

8.8 

17.6 

—10.0 

7.6 

18.0 
18.3 

ft 
It 

4.4 
4.7 

19.8 
19.4 

—14.9 
it 

4.9 
4.5 

11 

21.9 

tl 



20.2 

tt 

— 

13.6 

—3.2  !10.4 

1 

18.2 

—10.2 

8.0 

19.2 

ti 

5.6 

19.2 
19.4 

—15.0 

tl 

4.2 
4.4 

Midn't 

23.3—17.6     5.7 

1 

23.2 

-17.0 

6.2 

15.7? 

—3.6   (12.1) 

18.9 

—10.4 

8.5 

19.5 

—13.7 

5.8 

19.8'— 15.1 

i 

4.7 

Falh.    F 

eet.     Inch.  Register. 

Dec.  17.  Sounding  at  noon 

7 

5         0        30.0  changed  to  23.0.                                  *  Results  doubtful. 

"     IS.           " 

7 

5         3         31.3  (=11.3).     Tide  register  broke  down  at  2i  P.  M. ;  was  re- 

"     19.  No  sounding  take 
It    20             '*         '* 
"     21.  Sounding  at  nooi 

n. 

[paired  and  observations  commenced  at  7  P.  M. 

1     7 

3         6        21.5.     Correction  at  noon  hy  soundings  12.3,  by  curves  14.5, 

it     22.           "           " 

7 

3        6        21.7.     Mean  correction  —14.0.                              [mean  adopted. 

The  heights  on  the  18th  ai 

id  19th 

have  been  rejected. 

16 


RECORD  AND  REDUCTION  OF   THE   TIDES. 


Series  I Tidal  Observations  from  October  10,  1853,  to  December  28,  1853. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0,  expressed  in  units 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 

December,  1853. 

Mean    23d. 

Red. 

Ref. 

24th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

25th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

26th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

27th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

28th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

19.5 

(( 

2.7 

1 

20.0 

—15.2 

4.8 

19.1 

—16.0 

3.1 

19.3 
19.3 

—16.9 

li 

2.4 
2.4 

1.9 
1.8 

+1.4 

3.3 
3.2 

3.1 

2.7 

—0.4 

2.7 
2.3 

7.1 

—2.0 

5.1 

2 

21.1 

—15.3 

5.8 

19.7 

il 

3.7 

19.6 

—17.0 

2.6 

1.8 
1.9 

tt 

3.2 
3.3 

2.3 

2.7 

—0.5 

11 

1.8 
2.2 

5.7 

—2.1 

3.6 

3 

22.0 

—15.4 

G.6 

21.0 

li 

5.0 

20.3 

—17.1 

3.2 

2.1 

+1.3 

3.4 

3.5 

—0.6 

2.9 

4.4 

4.1 

li 

—2.2 

2.3 
1.9 

4 

22.7 

—15.5 

7.2 

21.7 

—15.9 

5.8 

21.8 

—17.2 

4.6 

3.2 

+1.2 

4.4 

?3.0 

{( 

?2.4 

4.2 
4.3 

—2.3 

2.0 
2.0 

5 

2;-<.o 

23.1 

—15.6 

7.4 
7.5 

22.0 

ti 

6.1 

23.4 

—17.3 

6.1 

5.6 

t: 

6.8 

4.7 

—0.7 

4.0 

4.7 

t( 

2.4 

6 

23.1 

22.7 

—15.7 

7.4 
7.0 

23.4 
23.6 

tt 

il 

7.5 
7.7 

24.9 

—17.4 

7.5 

6.7 

+1.0 

7.7 

6.6 

" 

5.9 

6.9 

—2.4 

4.5 

7 

23!o 

—15.8 

7.2 

23.6 
23.1 

—15.8 

it 

7.8 
7.3 

25.3 

25.5 

—17.5 

7.8 
8.0 

8.2 
8.7 

+0.9 

tl 

9.1 

9.6 

8.5 

—0.8 

7.7 

9.2 

il 

6.8 

8 

22.4 

—15.9 

6.5 

22.9 

tt 

7.1 

25.6 
25.6 

—17.6 

It 

8.0 
8.0 

9.2 
10.7 

+0.8 

10.0 
11.5 

10.6 

—0.9 

9.7 

11.1 

—2.5 

8.G 

9 

21.9 

—16.0 

5.9 

22.3 

tt 

6.5 

25.1 

tt 

7.5 

9.8 

+0.7 

10.6 

11.9 
12.2 

—1.0 

10.9 
11.2 

13.3 
13.8 

ti 

10.8 
11.3 

111 

20.6 

— IG.l 

4.5 

21.2 

tt 

5.4 

23.6  —17.7 

5.9 

8.5 

it 

9.2 

12.1 

—1.1 

11.0 

14.2 

—2.6  11.6   1 

11.6 

" 

10.5 

14.2 

li 

11.6 

11 

19.4 

— 1G.2 

3.2 

21.0 

" 

5.2 

22.9  —17.8 

5.1 

6.7 

+0.6 

7.3 

11.0 

—1.2 

9.8 

13.7 

tt 

11.1 

111.3 

" 

3.1 

20.7 

« 

4.9 

22.3 

tl 

4.5 

Noon 

20.4 

—16.3 

4.1 

20.3 
21.3 

—15.7 

4.G 

5.6 

22.0 
22.0 

—17.9 

4.1 
4.1 

5.6 

+0.6 

6.2 

9.2 

—1.3 

7.9 

11.7 

-2.7 

9.0 

1 

21.4 

il 

5.1 

21.7 

CI 

6.0 

22.2 

—18.0 

4.2 

4.4 
4.4 

11 

11 

5.0 
5.0 

6.9 

il 

5.6 

10.0 

—2.9 

7.1 

2 

22.5 

ii 

6.2 

22.5 

—15.8 

6.7 

22.5 

tt 

4.5 

4.3 
4.3 

+0.5 

4.8 
4.8 

5.2 

—1.4 

3.8 

9.6 

—3.3 

6.3 

3 

23.G 

—16.2 

7.4 

23.5 

—15.9 

7.6 

23.2 

—18.1 

5.1 

4.3 
4.3 

tl 
il 

4.8 
4.8 

4.5 
4.4 

—1.5 

3.0 
2.9 

9.5 

—3.8 

5.7  ' 

4 

24.6 
25.0 

8.4 
8.8 

24.5 

—16.0 

8.5 

23.6 

—18.2 

5.4 

4.5 

+0.4 

4.9 

4.4 

4.4 

(( 
(( 

2.9 
2.9 

9.5 

9.6 

-^.5 

—4.7 

5.0 

4.9 

5 

24.9 
24.7 

It 
ti 

8.7 
8.5 

25.1 

—16.1 

9.0 

24.6 

(( 

6.4 

5.2 

+0.3 

5.5 

4.7 

-1.6 

3.1 

9.8 
10.0 

—4.9 
—5.1 

4.9 

4.9 

G 

24.  G 

tt 

8.4 

25.4 
25.5 

—16.2 

9.2 
9.3 

25.3 

—18.3 

7.0 

6.8 

It 

7.1 

G.3 

(( 

4.7 

10.4 

—5.3 

5.1 

7 

23.7 

—16.1 

7.6 

25.1 

—16.3 

8.8 

25.3 
25. G 

tl 

li 

7.0 
7.3 

8.1 
8.5 

+0.2 

It 

8.3 
8.7 

7.8 

—1.7 

G.l 

12.6 

—5.7 

6.9 

8 

22.3 

tl 

6.2 

24.2 

—16.4 

7.8 

25.4 

—18.4 

7.0 

9.1 
9.1 

+0.1 

9.2 
9.2 

9.3 

<( 

7.6 

14.2 

—6.0 

8.2 

9 

20.1 

tt 

4.0 

23.1 

—16.5 

6.6 

25.0 

ti 

6.6 

9.1 

0.0 

9.1 

10.0 
10.9 

—1.8 

8.2 
9.1 

16.3 

-6.3 

10.0 

10 

19.4 

il 

3.3 

22.6 

—16.6 

6.0 

24.1 

—18.5 

5.6 

8.1 

—0.1 

8.0 

10.8 
10.4 

tt 
li 

9.0 
8.6 

17.1 
17.4 

—6.9 
—7.0 

10.2 
10.4 

11 

19.1 
19.0 

il 

3.0 
2.9 

22.1 

—16.7 

5.4 

23.1 

(( 

4.6 

7.2 

—0.2 

7.0 

10.2 

—1.9 

8.3 

17.7 
17.7 

—7.1  ilO.6 
— 7.2'l0.5 

Midn't  19.0 

—16.0 

3.0 

21.4 

—16.8 

4.6 

22.4 

—18.6 

3.8 

5.2 

—0.3    4.9 

9.0 

—2.0 

7.0 

17.7 

—7.3  10.4 

F.itli.    Foot.    Inch.    Correcllon. 

Xh;t:.  23.  Sounding  at  noon     G        3        8        — 1G.3  mean  of  .sounding  and  curves. 

"     24.           "          "             G        4        8        —15.7        " 

"     25.           "          "             G        3        0        —17.9        "              "              " 

"     2G.           <<          "             7         10+  O.G         "              "              " 

"     27.          "          "             7         2        0        —  1.3        "              "              " 

"     28.           "          "             7        4        G     (Ebb  t:doat2i  P.  M.)     Correction  —2.7  mean  of  sounding  and 

curves  ;  afternoon  corrections  from  the  curves.     Between  this  date  and  the  commencement  of  the  second  series 

tlio  observations  are  too  much  affected  by  irregularities  to  bo  inserted. 

RECORD   AND    REDUCTION    OP    THE   TIDES. 


n 


Series  II. — Tidal  Observations  from  January  28  to  April  7,  1854. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of 

mean  level  7.0,  expressed  in  units    | 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate 

rise  of  water. 

January,  1854. 

February, 

1854. 

Mean 

28th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

29th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

30th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

3Ist. 

R«d. 

Ref. 

1st.    Red.  1  Ref. 

2d. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to       obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

13.2 

—2.6 

10.6 

21.9 

—10.0 

11.9 

16.5 

—7.5 

9.0 

14.9 

-5.8 

9.1 

13.2 

—6.2 

7.0 

1 

12.8 

—2.8 

10.0 

21.5 

—10.1 

11.4 

16.2  —7.4 

8.8 

15.5 
15.2 

ti 

9.7 
9.4 

16.2 

—5.8 

10.4 

13.5 

(I 

7.3 

2 

12.0 

—3.3 

8.7 

19. G 

—10.2 

9.4 

15.6  —7.3 

8.3 

14.7 

ti 

8.9 

16.8 

-5.9 

10.9 

14.3 

tl 

8.1 

17.0 

(( 

11.1 

3 

11.0 

—3.8 

7.2 

17.7 

—10.3 

7.4 

12.8 

—7.2 

5.6 

14.3 

—5.7 

8.6 

17.0 
17.0 

It 
tl 

11.1 
11.1 

15.6 
16.0 

It 
It 

9.4 

9.8 

4 

8.8 

—4.2 

4.6 

16.1 

—10.4 

5.7 

10.5 

—7.1 

3.4 

11.7 

(C 

6.0 

16.9 

—6.0 

10.9 

16.2 
16.2 

11 
tl 

10.0 
10.0 

5 

6.3 

5.9 

—4.7 
—4.9 

1.6 
1.0 

15.0 

—10.5 

4.5 

9.2  —7.0 

2.2 

9.2 

(( 

3.5 

12.6 

(( 

6.6 

15.7 

tt 

9.5 

6 

6.2 

—5.1 

1.1 

12.2 

—10.6 

1.6 

7.4  —6.9 

0.5 

6.9 

l( 

1.2 

10.6 

—6.1 

4.5 

14.0 

tt 

7.8 

6.7 

—5.3 

1.4 

11.9 

(( 

1.3 

7.4 

(( 

0.5 

5.9 

—5.6 

0.3 

7 

8.2 

—5.4 

2.8 

12.1 

—10.7 

1.4 

7.5 

—6.8 

0.7 

5.3 

11 

—0.3 

8.5 

tt 

2.4 

10.6 

(t 

4.4 

13.4 

(( 

2.7 

7.8 

It 

1.0 

5.3 

11 

—0.3 

7.9 

tt 

1.8 

8 

11.0 

—5.9 

5.1 

14.6 

—10.8 

3.8 

8.2 

—6.7 

1.5 

5.3 

5.3 

It 

—5.5 

—0.3 
—0.2 

7.7 
7.7 

tt 

It 

1.6 
1.6 

8.9 
9.1 

(( 

2.7 
2.9 

9 

15.6 

—6.4 

9.2 

18.6 

—10.9 

7.7 

10.3 

—6.6 

3.7 

6.9 

(( 

1.4 

7.5 

8.3 

—6.2 

1.3 
2.1 

8.2 
8.2 

tl 
It 

2.0 
2.0 

10 

17.7 

—7.2 

10.5 

20.7 

—11.0 

9.7 

12.2 

—6.5 

5.7 

10.0 

({ 

4.5 

10.0 

le 

3.8 

8.7 

U 

2.5 

11 

19.9 

—8,0 

11.9 

23.4 

—11.1 

12.3 

14.3 

—6.4 

7.9 

13.0 

—5.4 

7.6 

13.0 

tt 

6.8 

11.2 

tl 

5.0 

Noon 

21.0 
21.2 

—8.8 

12.2 
12.4 

24.5 
20.7 

—11.2 
—11.1 

13.3 
9.6 

18.3 

—6.3 

12.0 

16.2 
17.3 

—5.3 

(C 

10.9 
12.0 

16.3 

-6.3 

10.0 

13.0 

—6.1 

6.9 

1 

20.4 

— S.9 

11.5 

19.7 
19.2 

—11.0 
—10.9 

8.7 
8.3 

20.1 
20.2 

t( 

13.8 
13.9 

18.3 
19.0 

(( 

it 

13.0 
13.7 

17.7 

11 

11.4 

14.6 

tt 

8.5 

2 

18.8 

—9.0 

9'.8 

18.7 

—10.8 

7.9 

19.7 

—6.2 

13.5 

18.2 

—5.4 

12.8 

18.4 
19.0 

11 

12.1 
12.7 

16.0 
16.2 

tt 

tl 

9.9 
10.1 

3 

17.1 

—9.1 

8.0 

15.6 

—10.6 

5.0 

17.7 

— 6.l'  11.6 

16.8 

It 

11.4 

19.2 
18.9 

tt 

12.9 
12.6 

16.7 
16.0 

tt 
it 

10.6 
9.9 

4 

15.6 

—9.2 

6.4 

12.0 

—10.4 

1.6 

14.6 

"     1     8.5 

15.7 

—5.5 

10.2 

18.2 

11 

11.9 

16.0 

H 

9.9 

5 

13.7 

—9.3 

4.4 

10.8 

—10.2 

0.6 

8.2 

—6.0 '     2.2 

13.0 

(( 

7.5 

15.8 

II 

9.5 

14.9 

-6.2 

8.7 

0 

12.2 
12.0 

—9.4 

2.8 
2.6 

10.0 
9.7 

—10.0 

—9.9 

0.0 
—0.2 

6.3 
6.1 

a 
11 

0.3 
0.1 

9.7 

—5.6 

4.1 

12.4 

11 

6.1 

13.9 

tt 

7.7 

7 

12.2 

—9.5 

2.7 

9.2 

8.6 

—9.8 
—9.7 

—0.6 
—1.1 

5.7 
5.6 

11 

—5.9 

—0.3 
—0.3 

7.3 

7.2 

tt 
It 

1.7 
1.6 

10.0 

11 

3.7 

10.8 

tt 

4.6 

s 

14.2 

—9.6 

4.6 

7.8 

—9.6 

—1.8 

5.5 

(( 

—0.4 

7.2 

tt 

1.6 

8.7 

11 

2.4 

8.1 

tt 

1.9 

7.7 

—9.5 

—1.8 

5.7 

(( 

—0.2 

7.2 

—5.7 

1.5 

8.5 

11 

2.2 

11 

17.1 

—9.7 

7.4 

8.7 

—9.4 

—0.7 

6.7 

tl 

0.8 

7.4 

8.0 

tt 
It 

1.7 
2.3 

8.4 
8.4 

11 
11 

2.1 
2.1 

6.6 
6.6 

11 
tt 

0.4 
0.4 

10 

19.9 

—9.8 

10.1 

10.8 

—92 

0.6 

9.3 

It 

3.4 

9.0 

it 

3.3 

8.6 

11 

2.3 

6.6 
6.6 

—6.3 

tt 

0.3 
0.3 

11 

21.1 

—9.9 

11.2 

13.4 

—9.0 

4.4 

l5.1 

t( 

6.2 

12.0 

tt 

6.3 

10.0 

11 

3.7 

7.2 

tl 

0.9 

Midn't 

21.6 

—10.0 

11.6 

14.8 

—8.7 

6.1 

14.0 

—5.8 

8.2 

14.6 

—5.8 

8.8 

12.1 

—6.2 

5.9 

9.3 

tt 

3.0 

Jan 

.  27.  At  11  P.  M.,  13.7  ;  at  11''  30",  13.8  ;  at  28th,  0'',  13.9,  high  v 
F.ith.    Feet.     Inch. 

rater  ;  corrected  high  water 

11.3. 

Jan 

28.  Sounding  at  noon   8         0         0         Corrected  reading  by  so 

mding  11.4,  by  curves  13.1, 

mean  12.2. 

(( 

29.         <«           "             8        16         Index  changed  to  19.6. 

curves  13.7,  mean  13 

Corrected  reading  by  sounc 
.3. 

ling  12.9,  by 

(( 

30.         11           1'              8        0         6        Corrected  reading  by  so 

unding  11.9,  by  curves  12.1 

mean  12.0. 

it 

31.         "          "           -     —       Corrected  reading  by  cu 

rves  10.9. 

Feb 

.    1.         "           ■'             7        4        6         Ebb  tide  at  7J  A.  M. 

(( 

2.         "          "             7         10        Ebbtideat4P.  M.  (prob 

ably  means  ebb  commences) 

Index  13.0. 

Not 

e  to  Feb.  1  and  2.  Tlie  correction  is  derived  from  the  sound 

ings  a 

nd  curves. 

18 


RECORD    AND   REDUCTION   OF   THE    TIDES. 


Series  II. — Tidal  Observations  from  January  28  to  April  7,  1854. 

Hourly  obseryations  on  the  pulley-gange.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  1.0,  expressed  in  uuits 
of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 


February,  1854. 


Mean 
solar 
hour. 


3d. 


Red. 

to 
level. 


Ref. 

obs. 


4th. 


Red. 

to 
level. 


Ref. 

obs. 


5th. 


Red. 

to 
level. 


Ref. 

obs. 


6th. 


Red. 

to 
level. 


Ref. 

obs. 


7th. 


Red. 

to 
level. 


Ref. 

obs. 


8th. 


Red. 

to 
level. 


Ref. 

obs. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

(! 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

Noon 

1 

2 

3 

4 


12.0 

13.0 

14.0 
14.4 
15.0 
15.0 
14.8 

13.9 

12.1 

11.1 

10.6  i 

10.1 

111.2 
lO.S 

11.9 

12.6 

12.9 

14.1 

14.8 
15.1 
15.2 

14.6 

12.9 

11.2 

9.6 


—6.4 


—6.5 


—6.6 


9 

10 

11 

Midn't 


8.7 
8.4 
8.4 
8.6 

8.8 

9.7 


—6.7 


—6.8 

U 

—6.7 

U 

—6.6 

—6.5 
(( 

—6.4 
—6.3 

—6.2 
—6.1 

U 

—6.0 


5.6 

6.6 

7.5 
7.9 
8.5 
8.5 
8.2 

7.3 

5.5 

4.5 
4.0 
3.4 
3.5 
4.1 

5.2 

5.8 

6.1 

7.4 

8.1 

8.5 
8.6 

8.1 

6.4 

4.8 

3.3 

2.4 
2.2 
2.2 
2.5 
2.7 

3.7 


11.2 

13.0 

14.3 
14.7 
14.9 
14.9 
14.9 
14.8 
14.2 

12.8 

11.7 

9.8 
9.2 
9.2 
9.8 

10.5 

10.7 

11.2 

12.8 

13.5 

14.2 

14.6 
14.7 
14.6 

14.2 

13.5 

12.2 

11.0 

10.6 
10.6 
10.6 


—6.0 
—5.9 

—5.8 

il 
f( 

—5.7 
—5.6 

—5.5 

il 

—5.4 

—5.4 


5.2 
7.1 

8.4 
8.9 
9.1 
9.1 
9.2 
9.1 
8.6 

7.2 

6.2 
4.3 
3.8 
3.8 
4.4 


5.1 

— 5.3j  5.4 


—5.4 

—5.5 

—5.6 

—5.7 

—5.8 

—5.9 

—6.0 

—6.1 

—6.2 

—6.4 

—6.5 
—6.6 
—6.7 


5.8 

7.3 

7.9 

8.5 

8.8 
8.9 
8.7 

8.2 

7.4 

6.0 

4.6 

4.1 
4.0 
3.9 


10.6 
10.9 

11.7 

12.9 

13.7 

17.1 

17.5 
17.5 
17.7 
17.7 
17.4 

16.3 

15.5 

15.2 

15.0 
13.2 
13.7 
14.1 
14.4 

15.5 

17.7 

18.3 
18.4 
18.0 

17.2 

15.0 

13.7 

12.4 

11.9 
11.8 
11.7 


—6.8 
—7.0 

—7.1 

—7.2 

—7.3 

—7.4 
—7.5 

(t 

—7.6 

((      ! 

—7.7 
—7.8 
—8.0 
—8.1 
—8.2 

If 

—8.1 

tl 

—8.0 
—7.9 

—7.8 
—7.7 

(C 

—7.6 
—7.5 
—7.4 
—7.4 
—7.3 

tl 
(t 

—7.2 


3.8 
3.9 

4.6 

5.7 

6.4 

9.7 

10.0 
10.5 
10.1 
10.1 
9.7 

8.5 


11.7 
11.7 
12.2 
12.6 

13.5 

15.9 
15.8 
16.1 
16.0 
16.0 
16.0 
16.0 
16.0 
16.0 
16.0 
15.2 


7.5 

14.4 

7.1 

13.6 

13.0 

6.8 

10.0 

5.0 

10.1 

5.6 

10.5 

6.0 

6.4 

11.0 

7.6 

11.3 

9.9 

12.0 

10.5 

12.5 

10.7 

10  4 

12.6 

12.6 

9.7 

12.7 

12.7 

7.6 

12.7 

12.7 

6.3 

12.5 

5.1 

11.3 

4.6 

9.5 

4.5 

9.0 

4.5 

9.0 

—7.2 
—7.1 

It 

—7.0 
—6.9 

—6.8 

(1 
tl 

—6.7 
—6.6 
—6.5 
—6.4 
—6.3 

—6.2 
—6.1 
—6.0 

(1 

—5.9 

—5.8 

—5.7 

—5.6 

—5.5 
(( 

—5.4 
—5.3 


4.5 
4.6 
5.1 
5.6 

6.6 

9.0 
9.0 
9.3 
9.2 
9.3 
9.3 
9.4 
9.4 
9.5 
9.5 


8.1 

7.3 
6.7 
3.8 
3.9 
4.4 

5.0 

5.3 

6.1 

6.7 

6.9 
6.9 
7.1 
7.1 
7.2 
7.2 
7.1 

5.9 

4.2 
3.7 
3.8 


9.5 
9.3 

9.5 

10.2 

11.1 

12.0 

13.0 

13.7 
14.0 
14.0 
13.7 
13.3 

12.8 

12.2 

11.8 

11.0 
11.0 
10.0 
10.0 
10.0 
10.0 
10.0 
10.0 
11.3 

11.4 

12.2 
12.5 
12.5 
12.2 
12.0 

11.8 

11.2 

10.7 


—5.2 

a 

—5.1 

—5.0 

—4.9 

It 

—4.8 
—4.7 
—4.6 
—4.5 
—4.4 
-4.3 


4.3 


4.3 
4.1 

4.4 

5.2 
6.2 
7.1 

8.2 

9.0 
9.3 
9.4 
9.1 

8.8 

8.4 

7.9 

7.6 

6.8 
6.8 
5.8 
5.8 
5.8 
5.8 
5.8 
5.8 
7.0 

7.1 

7.9 
8.2 
8.2 
7.9 
7.6 

7.4 

6.8 


-4.4 


9.7 
9.2 
9.2 
9.2 
9.2 
9.2 
9.2 
9.6 
10.0 

11.5 

12.6 

13.4 

13.9 
14.0 
14.1 
14.1 

13.9 

11.6 
10.2 

9.1 

8.2 
8.0 
8.0 
8.0 

8.1 

9.7 

10.2 

11.1 
11.2 
11.4 
11.4 
11.4 
11.3 
11.1 


—4.4 

—4.5 


4.7 


6.3  11.0 


5.3 
4.8 
4.7 
4.7 
4.7 
4.7 
4.7 
5.1 
5.5 

7.0 

8.0 


9.3 

9.4 
9.5 
9.5 
9.3 

6.9 

5.5 

4.4 
3.5 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 

3.4 

5.0 

5.5 

6.4 
6.5 
6.7 
6.7 
6.7 
6.6 
6.4 

6.3 


Fath.     Feci.     Inch. 

Feb.  3.  Sounding  at  noon     6         6         6        Gorreeted  reading  hy  sounding  4.9,  by  curves  6.7,  mean  5.8. 
"4.  "  "  

<i     r,  "  11 


"  U. 
"  7. 
"     8. 


6        4        0        Corrected  reading  by  sounding  3.4,  by  curves  4.3,  mean  3.8. 
6        5         6        Corrected  reading  by  sounding  .and  curves  6.9. 


RECORD    AND    REDUCTION    OF  THE    TIDES. 


19 


Series  II. — Tidal  Observations  from  January  28  to  April  7,  1854. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0,  expressed  in  units 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 

February,  1854. 

Mean 

9th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

10th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

nth. 

Red. 

Ref. 

12th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

13th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

Mth. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

huur. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

14.7    —6.7 

8.0 

j 

1 

9.9 

—4.6 

5.3 

11.4 

—5.6 

5.8 

10.7 

—6.3 

4.4 

11.1 

—6.2 

4.9 

14.2 

u 

7.5 

19.5 

—9.4  10.1 

2 

8.8 
8.4 

ft 

4.2 
3.8 

11.0 

—5.7 

5.3 

10.1 

ti 

3.8 

11.1 

(( 

4.9 

13.6 

ii 

6.9 

18.5 

—9.6 

8.9 

3 

8.4 
8.4 

ti 

3.8 
3.8 

10.4 

—5.8 

4.6 

8.8 

11 

2.5 

10.2 

tl 

4.0 

12.7 

—6.8 

5.9 

16.0 

—9.8 

6.2 

4 

8.4 
8.4 

3.8 
3.8 

10.0 

—5.9 

4.1 

8.2 
7.9 

1.9 

1.6 

9.0 
9.5 

tt 

il 

2.8 
3.3 

9.7 

tl 

2.9 

14.0 

—10.0 

4.0 

5 

8.8 

« 

4.2 

10.0 

—6.0 

4.0 

7.5 
7.5 

—6.2 

ti 

1.3 
1.3 

9.2 
9.0 

11 

11 

3.0 

2.8 

8.2 
8.0 

tl 

1.4 
1.2 

13.7 

— lO.ll  3.6 

G 

10.0 

(( 

5.4 

10.0 

—6.1 

3.9 

7.8 

It 

1.6 

9.0 

it 

2.8 

7.6 

—6.9 

0.7 

13.3 

—10.3'  3.0 

9.8 

U 

3.7 

9.0 

11 

28 

8.5 

(( 

1.6 

12.9 

—10.4    2.5 

7 

11.6 

C( 

7.0 

11.0 

—6.2 

4.8 

9.1 

ti 

2.9 

9.7 

11 

3.5 

8.9 

(( 

2.0 

12.9 
13.7 

-10.5  ;  2.4 
—10.6     3.1 

8 

12.8 

« 

8.2 

12.8 

—6.3 

6.5 

10.3 

—6.1 

4.2 

11.2 

tl 

5.0 

10.9 

it 

4.0 

14.7 

—10.7    4.0 

9 

13.5 

ii 

8.9 

15.0 

—6.4 

8.6 

12.6 

ti 

6.5 

13.2 

It 

7.0 

13.0 

—7.0 

6.0 

16.2 

—10.8     5.4 

15.2 

a 

8.8 

10 

14.1 

it 

9.5 

15.7 

—6.5 

9.2 

15.5 

tt 

9.4 

15.3 

11 

9.1 

16.0 

(C 

9.0 

18.7 

—10.9 

7.8 

14.3 

(( 

9.7 

15.7 

It 

9.2 

16.6 

" 

10.4 

16.9 

(( 

9.9 

11 

14.2 

(( 

9.6 

15.7 

tt 

9.2 

16.1 

11 

10.0 

17.7 

ft 

11.5 

19.1 

{( 

12.1 

20.8 

—11.1 

9.7 

13.8 

(( 

9.2 

15.0 

(E 

8.5 

16.4 

*' 

10.3 

17.4 

if 

11.2 

19.6 

(( 

12.6 

Noou 

13.6 

—4.5 

9.1 

14.0 

—6.6 

7.4 

16.5 

—6.0 

10  5 

17.1 

—6.3 

10.8 

19.5 

—7.1 

12.4 

21.7 

—11.2 

10.5 

16.1 

it 

10.1 

19.5 

—7.2  12.3 

— 



1 

13.5 

n 

9.0 

13.9 

CC 

7.3 

15.7 

it 

9.7 

16.0 

C( 

9.7 

19.5 

—7.3 

12.2 

24.8 
24.3 

13.6 
13.1 

2 

12.7 

u 

8.2 

13.4 

(( 

6.8 

13.6 

It 

7.6 

14.7 

il 

8.4 

17.9 

—7.5 

10.4 

23.2 

—11.3 

11.9 

3 

11.2 

— 4.6^   6.6 

10.7 

(( 

4.1 

11.4 

ti 

5.4 

12.3 

—6.4 

5.9 

16.7 

—7.7 

9.0 

21.5 

—11.4 

10.1 

4 

9.0 

—4.7    4.3 

8.7 

—6.5 

2.2 

9.5 

tt 

3.5 

10.0 

t( 

3.6 

16.3 

—7.9 

8.4 

19.5 

it 

8.1 

8.3 

3.6 

8.0 

1.5 

8.0 

tt 

2.0 

14.5 

—8.0 

6.5 

1 

5 

8.0 

"      1  3.3 

8.0 

ti 

1.5 

7.8 

tt 

1.8 

9.7 

it 

3.3 

12.9 

—8.1 

4.8 

16.7:— 11.5 

5.2 

8.7 

—4.8  ,  3.9 

8.0 

(( 

1.5 

8.0 

tt 

2.0 

12.3 

—8.2 

4.1 

ti 

9.3 

ti 

4.5 

8.0 
8.0 

(( 

tc 

1.5 
1.5 

8.0 

It 

2.0 

8.9 

8.8 

—6.5 

ii 

2.4 
2.3 

13.1 

—8.3 

4.8 

14.7 
14.3 

it 
tt 

3.2 
2.8 

7 

9.7 

—4.9 

4.S 

8.5 

it 

2.0 

9.6 

it 

3.6 

8.8 
8.9 

2.3 

2.4 

15.2 

—8.4 

6.8 

14.2 
14.2 

—11.6 

ti 

2.6 

2.6 

8 

11.0 

—5.0 

6.0 

9.8 

—6.4 

3.4 

10.3 

—6.1 

4.2 

9.7 

(( 

3.2 

16.3 

—8.5 

7.8 

14.6 

tl 

3.0 

<1 

11.7 

—5.1 

6.6 

11.2 

(( 

4.8 

11.4 

it 

5.3 

9.9 

—6.6 

3.3 

16.3 

—8.7 

7.6 

15.1 

ti 

3.5 

10 

12.4 

—5.2 

7.2 

12.3 

It 

5.9 

12.1 

tt 

6.0 

12.6 
14.3 

it 
ii 

6.0 

7.7 

18.7 
19.1 

—8.8 
—8.9 

9.9 
10.2 

15.8 

-11.7 

4.1 

11 

12.3 

—5.3 

7.0 

12.7 

(( 

6.3 

12.9 

ti 

6.8 

15.0 

it 

8.4 

19.6 

—9.0 

10.6 

16.6 

4.9 

12.6 

—5.4 

7.2  12.7 

(( 

6.3 

13.3 

a 

7.2 

15.0 

8.4 

19.5 

—9.1 

10.4 

Midn't 

12.4 

—5.5 

6.9  12.9 

1 

—6.3 

6.6 

13.8 

ti 

7.7 

16.1 

—6.7 

8.4 

19.5 

—9.2 

10.3 

17.4 

-n.8 

5.6 

Feb.    9.  No  sounding. 

FaOi.     Feet.     Inch. 

"     10.  Sounding  at  noon     7        2        0        Corrected  by  sounding — 6.6,  by  curves — 6.6. 

((     ]^2.           **          *'           .-.--- 

"     12.           "          "             7        4        6,     Ebb  tide  at  6  P.  M.     Corrected  by  sounding  —6.6,  by  curves 

—6.0,  mean  —6.3. 

"     13.           «          «             8         16        Corrected  by  sounding  — 6.6,  by  curves  — 7.6,  mean  — 7.1. 

"     14.  No  sounding. 

20 


RECORD    AND   REDUCTION   OF   THE    TIDES. 


Series  II. — Tidal  Observations  from  January  28  to  April  1,  1854. 

Hourly  obseryations  on  the  pulley-gange 

Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  1.9,  expressed  in  nnits   1 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water.                                     1 

February,  1854. 

Mean 

15th. 

Bed.     Kef. 

i 
I6th.    E«d. 

Ref. 

17th. 

Bed.    'Ref. 

18th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

19t.h. 

Bed. 

Ref. 

20th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to      i  obs. 

to 

obs. 

to        obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

23.6'— 11.8  11.8 

22.2 

—9.1 

13.1 

20.7 

—9.7  11.0 

1 

23.6        "      111. 8 
23.5'      "      11.7 

22.2 
22.1 

—9.2 
—9.3 

13.0 
12.8 

21.2 
21.6 

—9.6  11.6 
"       12.0 

16.5 

—8.0 

8.5 

17.8 

—8.2 

9.6 

11.3 

—5.4 

5.9 

2 

23.5  —11.9  11.6 

22!  1 

—9.4 

12.7 

21.8 

—9.5  I12.3 

18.0 

(( 

10.0 

18.6 

U 

10.4 

13.7 

U 

8.3 

21.8 

11 

12.3 

18.4 

—7.9 

10.0 

3 

23.5'      "       11.6 

20.9 

—9.6 

11.3 

21.9 

—9.4 

12.5 

18.5 

tt, 

10.6 

19.4 

—8.3 

11.1 

15.5 

tl 

10.1 

21.9 

(t 

12.5 

18.5 

11 

10.6 

19.6 

(( 

11.3 

15.9 

u 

10.5 

4 

19.7       " 

7.8 

19.0 

—9.8 

9.2 

21.9 

—9.3 

12.6 

18.2 

—7.8 

10.4 

19.6 
19.6 

—8.4 

11.2 
11.2 

16.2 
14.9 

tt 

(( 

10.8 
9.5 

5 

17.7—12.0;  5.7 

16.3 

—9.9 

6.4 

l&.O 

—9.2 

9.8 

16.3 

« 

8.5 

19.3 

ti 

10.9 

14.0 

—5.5 

8.5 

6 

16.1 

—12.1 !  4.0 

14.7 

—10.1 

4.6 

16.4 

—9.1 

7.3 

15.0 

—7.6 

7.4 

17.7 

—8.5 

9.2 

12.7 

tl 

7.2 

7 

15.3 

It 

3.2 

13.2 
12.9 

—10.3 
—10.4 

2.9 
2.5 

14.3 

12.9 

—9.0 

5.3 
3.9 

11.8 

a 

4.2 

15.8 

<c 

7.3 

11.4 

ti 

5.9 

8 

15.5—12.2:  3.3 

12.7 

—10.5 

2.2 

12.9 

—8.9 

4.0 

10.6 

It 

3.0 

14.2 

—8.6 

5.6 

11.0 

ti 

5.5 

1 
1 

13.7 

—10.6 

3.1 

13.0 

t( 

4.1 

10.4 

11 

2.8 

11.0 

tt 

5.5 

9 

17.6  —12.3,  4.8 

14.8 

—10.7 

4.1 

13.5 

—8.8 

4.7 

10.2 

—7.5 

2.7 

13.5 

It 

4.9 

11.0 

u 

5.5 

10.2 

ii 

2.7 

11.4 

tl 

5.9 

10 

19.7 

—12.4 

7.3 

16.0 

—10.9 

5.1 

15.4 

—8.7 

6.7 

10.3 

11 

2.8 

13.3 
13.3 

—8.7 

4.6 
4.6 

11.0 
11.0 

tl 
tl 

5.5 
5.5 

11 

22.3 

" 

9.9 

17.5 

—11.0 

6.5 

18.0 

26.1 

—8.6 

9.3 
11.5 

13.5 

ti 

6.0 

13.2 
13.3 

U 
<( 

4.5 
4.6 

11.0 
11.3 

tt 
tt 

5.5 

5.8 

Noon 

24.6 
25.2 

—12.5  12.1 

"      !l2.7 

21.2 
22.1 

—11.1 

10.1 
11.0 

14.6 

? 



14.5 

—7.4 

7.1 

13.6 

—8.8 

4.8 

11.7 

—5.6 

6.1 

1 

19.5 
19.8 

—6.8  12.7 
— 6.9J12.9 

24.0 
23.9 

—11.0 

13.0 
12.9 

17.0 

? 



15.3 

u 

7.9 

14.3 

—5.5 

8.8 

12.2 

tl' 

6.6 

O 

19.8 

—7.0  12.8 

24.0 
24.0 

—10.9 

13.1 
13.1 

18.3 

—6.6 

11.7 

17.2 

17.7 

—7.5 

9.7 

10.2 

15.6 
15.9 

ti 

10.1 
10.4 

15.5 

ct 

9.9 

3 

18.3 

—7.2  11.1 

22.5 

—10.8 

11.7 

18.2 

—6.7 

11.5 

17.7 
17.6 

—7.6 

10.1 
10.0 

16.2 
16.2 

It 
tt 

10.7 
10.7 

15.5 
16.0 

It 

9.9 
10.4 

4 

18.4 

—7.4  11.0 

21.9 

—10.7 

11.2 

17.2 

—6.9 

10.3 

17.5 

t( 

9.9 

15.7 

u 

10.2 

16.3 

u 

10.7 

15.7 

(( 

10.1 

r, 

17.2 

—7.6 

9.6 

18.8 

—10.6 

8.2 

15.4 

—7.1 

8.3 

15.9 

—7.7 

8.2 

15.4 

—5.5 

9.9 

15.8 

u 

10.2 

6 

14.7 

—7.8 

6.9 

16.0 

—10.5 

5.5 

12.9 

—7.2 

5.7 

14.4 

(( 

6.7 

14.3 

ti 

8.8 

15.5 

tt 

9.9 

7 

12.7 
12.4 

—8.0 
—8.1 

4.7 
4.3 

15.6 

—10.4 

5.2 

11.2 

—7.3 

3.9 

12.8 

—7.8 

5.0 

12.0 

tt 

6.5 

15.5 

? 

... 

8 

12.3 

— 8.2|  4.1 

12.9 

—10.3 

2.6 

8.8 

—7.5 

1.3 

11.6 

11 

3.8 

10.3 

It 

4.8 

15.5 

(t 

... 

13.7 

—8.3    5.4 

12.5 

—10.2 

2.3 

8.0 

—7.6 

0.4 

11.1 

—7.9 

3.2 

9 

15.6 

—8.4 

7.2 

12.8 

—10.1 

2.7 

8.0 
8.0 

—7.7 

0.3 
0.3 

10.9 
10.9 

U 

3.0 
3.0 

8.9 

—5.4 

3.5 

14.1 

u 

-  -  - 

10 

18.1 

—8.6 

9.5 

14.3 

—10.0 

4.3 

8.7 

—7.8 

0.9 

11.0 

—8.0 

3.0 

8.4 

8.4 

tt 

3.0 
3.0 

13.7 
13.6 

CI 

... 

11 

19.3 

—8.8  10.5 

1 

17.1 

—9.9 

7.2 

11.0 

—7.9 

3.1 

12.3 

U 

4.3 

8.4 
8.5 

tt 

u 

3.0 
3.1 

13.5 
13.5 

tt 
It 



Midn't 

20.4 

—9.0  11.4 

19.7 

—9.8 

9.9 

13.8 

—8.0 

5.8 

14.3 

—8.1 

6.2 

9.4 

—5.3 

4.1 

13.5 

(( 

... 

Falh.     Feet.     Inch. 

Feb 

.  15.  Sounding  at  noon     8         10 

16.  "           "           

17.  "          '<             7        2        6 

Correction  by  so 

unding  —12.2,  by 

cnrTcs  — 12.8,  mean — 12.5. 

18.           "           «             7        16 

Corrected  rcadin 

g  by  sounding  6.9 

,  by  cui-ves  7.3,  mean  7.1. 

19.           «          ■■             7        0        0 

Corrected  readin 

g  by  sounding  5:4 

,  by  curves  4.2,  mean  4.8. 

20.  No  sounding. 

RECORD    AND    11  EDUCTION   OF   THE    TIDES. 


21 


Series  II 

-Tidal  Observations  from  January  28  to  April  7,  1854. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gange.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0,  e.xpressed  in  units 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 

February,  1854. 

Mean 

21st. 

Red. 

Ref. 

22d. 

Red. 

Ref. 

23d. 

Red. 

Ref. 

24th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

25th. 

Red.     Ref. 

26th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs 

to       obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

10.5 

—6.0 

4.5 

1 

... 



10.7 

u 

4.7 

12.4 
11.8 

—7.2 
—7.3 

5.2 
4.5 

14.4 
14.2 

—10.9 

tl 

3.5 
3.3 

9.8 

—2.1    7.7 

10.6 

—2.2 

8.4 

2 

... 

... 

11.5 

tl 

5.5 

11.8 
11.8 

—7.4 

—7.5 

4.4 
4.3 

14.5 

—11.0 

3.5 

7.8 

tl 

5.7 

8.8 

—2.4 

6.4 

3 

... 

... 

12.9 

tl 

6.9 

11.8 
12.1 

—7.7 
—7.8 

4.1 
4.3 

14.9 

—11.1 

3.8 

5.8 
5.3 

—2.2 

tl 

3.6 
3.1 

6.4 

—2.7 

3.7 

4 



14.2 

11 

8.2 

13.0 

—8.0 

5.0 

16.1 

—11.2 

4.9 

5.1 

—2.3     2.8 

5.2 

—3.0 

2.2 

15.4 

(( 

3.1 

4.1 

—3.1 

1.0 

5 



... 

14.1 

? 



14.3 

—8.2 

6.1 

17.2 

—11.3 

5.9 

5.6 

(( 

3.3 

4.2 
4.3 

—3.2 
—3.3 

1.0 
1.0 

6 

... 

13.6 

(( 

... 

15.8 

—8.3 

7.5 

18.3 

—11.5 

6.8 

7.6 

—2.4 

5.2 

4.7 

—3.5 

1.2 

7 

... 

13.2 

(( 

... 

16.8 

—8.5 

8.3 

19.4 

—11.6 

7.8 

9.7 

(( 

7.3 

6.6 

—3.7 

2.9 

8 

... 

12.7 
15.0 

—6.2 

8.8 

18.1 

—8.6 

9.5 

21.7 

—11.8 

9.9 

11.0 

—2.5 

8.5 

9.0 

—4.0 

5.0 

9 





15.5 
15.6 

9.3 
9.4 

18.4 

—8.7 

9.7 

22.2 
22.2 

—11.9 

10.3 
10.3 

12.7 

tt 

10.2 

11.0 

—4.3 

6.7 

10 



... 

14.9 

ti 

8.7 

19.1 
19.5 

—8.8 

10.3 
10.7 

22.3 

—12.0 

10.3 

13.8 

13.8 

—2.6 

11.2 

11.2 

13.0 

—4.6 

8.4 

11 

... 

... 

14.2 

li 

8.0 

19.3 

—8.9 

10.4 

22.2 

—12.1 

10.1 

13.8 

If 

11.2 

14.6 

—4.9 

9.7 

Noon 

... 

... 

12.8 

—6.2 

6.6 

18.7 

—9.0 

9.7 

20.7 

—12.3 

8.4 

13.7 

—2.7 

11.0 

15.4 
17.0 

—5.4 
—5.5 

10.0 
11.5 

1 



... 

12.2 

tt 

6.0 

17.9 

—9.3 

8.6 

10.0 

—1.7 

8.3 

11.4 

-1.9 

9.5 

17.5 
15.7 

—5.6 
—5.7 

11.9 
10.0 

2 

... 

... 

12.2 

It 

6.0 

16.7 

—9.6 

7.1 

7.6 

U 

5.9 

9.0 

—1.0 

8.0 

15.0 

—5.8 

9.2 

3 

... 

... 

12.2 

—6.3 

5.9 

16.1 
16.0 

—9.9 
—10.0 

6.2 
6.0 

6.6 
5.0 

—1.8 

4.8 
3.2 

CO 

—1.1 

4.9 

13.1 

—6.0 

7.1 

4 





12.5 

tl 

6.2 

16.0 

—10.2 

5.8 

4.6 

(( 

2.8 

4.7 

—1.3 

3.4 

10.2 

—6.1 

4.1 

11.0 

tt 

4.7 

16.0 

(( 

5.8 

5.3 

(( 

3.5 

3.3 

(( 

2.0 

5 

... 

... 

11.7 

12.9 

—6.4 

tl 

5.3 
6.5 

16.2 
16.6 

it 

5.7 
6.4 

5.6 

(( 

3.8 

3.7 

—1.4 

2.3 

9.5 
9.4 

—6.2 
—6.3 

3.3 
3.1 

6 





14.2 

tt 

7.8 

17.0 

—10.3 

6.7 

6.4 

tt 

4.6 

4.1 

—1.5 

2.6 

9.4 
9.5 

—6.4 
—6.5 

3.0 
3.0 

7 





15.1 

15.2 

—6.5 

It 

8.6 
8.7 

18.0 

tl 

7.7 

7.7 

li 

5.9 

5.4 

—1.6 

3.8 

9.8 

—6.6 

3.2 

8 

13.5 

—5.8 

7.7 

15.7 
15.6 

—6.6 

9.1 

9.0 

18.9 
19.3 

—10.4 

8.5 
8.9 

9.6 

—1.9 

7.7 

8.0 

—1.7 

6.3 

11.5 

—6.7 

4.8 

9 

12.5!       " 

6.7 

15.3 
15.1 

—6.7 

8.6 
7.4 

19.3 
19.3 

—10.5 

11 

8.8 
8.8 

10.8 
11.3 

tc 

8.9 
9.4 

10.2 

—1.8 

8.4 

15.0 

—6.8 

8.2 

10 

11.2    —5.9 

5.3 

15.0 

—6.8 

8.2 

19.0 

—10.6 

8.4 

11.6 

(( 

9.7 

11.9 

—1.9 

10.0 

16.3 

—6.9 

9.4 

11.6 

9.7 

12.3       " 

10.4 

11 

10.4       " 

4.5 

14.6 

—6.9 

7.7 

18.5 

—10.7 

7.8 

11.6 

(( 

9.7 

12.4!  —2.0 

10.4 

17.8 

—7.0 

10.8 

10.5  ]       " 

4.6 

11.6 

9.7 

12.4 

(( 

10.4 

Midn't 

10.2       " 

4.3 

13.8 

—7.0 

6.8 

16.4 

—10.8 

5.6 

10.6 

—2.0 

8.6 

12.3 

—2.0 

10.3 

18.4 

—7.1 

11.3 

Feb.  21.  Readings  irregula 

r,  tide-gauge  out  of  order  at  8  A.  M.,  repaired  at  noon.    Sounding  7  fath.,  1  ft.,  0  in. 

Feb.  22  and  23.  No  sound 

ng. 

Fath.     Feet.     Inch. 

Feb.  24.  Sounding  at  noon 

6         5         0        Corrections  derived  from  curves. 

"    25.          "          " 

7         0         6         Ebb  tide  at  11  A.  M.     Corrections  derived  from  curves. 

"     26.           "          " 

7         5         6         Correction  derived  from  the  means  by  sounding  and  curves. 

22 


RECORD   AND    REDUCTION   OF   THE    TIDES. 


Series  II.- 

-Tidal  Observations 

FROM  January  28  to  April  1,  1854. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge 

.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0,  expressed  in  units 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water.                                     1 

February,  1854. 

March,  1854. 

Mean 

2-th.' Eed. 

Ref. 

28th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

1st. 

Red. 

Ref. 

2d. 

Red. 

Ref. 

3d. 

Red. 

Ref. 

4th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

1     to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

!  level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

i 

15.0 

—4.9 

10.1 

15.5 

—5.0 

10.5 

16.2'  —5.0 

11.2 

14.5 

—5.4 

9.1 

1 

18.3  —7.3 

11.0 

14.8 

<( 

9.9 

16.3 

tt 

11.3 

17.0 1      " 
17.0 1      " 

12.0 
12.0 

15.5 
16.0 

(( 

10.1 
10.6 

13.1 

—5.1 

8.0 

2 

17.5  —7.4 

10.1 

12.8 

(( 

7.9 

16.3 

a 

11.3 

17.0 1     " 
16.5  j      " 

12.0 
11.5 

16.0 
16.0 

(( 

10.6 
10.6 

15.4 
15.9 

—5.0 

10.4 
10.9 

3 

17.8  ;— 7.6 

10.3 

11.0 

ti 

6.1 

13.9 

il 

8.9 

16.01      " 

11.0 

16.0 

11 

10.6 

16.0 

—4.9 

11.1 

15.7 

10.3 

16.0 

il 

11.1 

4 

19.3 

5.3 

^.8 

0.5 

7.8 

u 

2.9 

12.0 

il 

7.0 

15.1 

It 

10.1 

14.8 

—5.5 

9.3 

15.8 

tt 

10.9 

5 

4.4 

(( 

—0.4 

5.5 

il 

0.6 

10.5 

il 

5.5 

12.8 ;   " 

7.8 

13.6 

It 

8.1 

14.2 

—4.8 

9.4 

4.41     " 

—0.4 

5.5 

(( 

0.6 

6 

5.0 

i( 

0.2 

5.0 
5.0 

0.1 
0.1 

7.2 
5.5 

11 

2.2 
0.5 

11.1 

11 

6.1 

12.4 

il 

6.9 

12.1 

tt 

7.3 

7 

5.S 

(( 

1.0 

5.0 

11 

0.1 

5.5 

tt 

0.5 

9.0 

t( 

4.0 

11.1 

—5.6 

5.5 

9.7 

—4.7 

5.0 

6.2 

11 

1.3 

5.5 

0.5 

8.8 

il 

3.8 

9.1 

il 

4.4 

8 

8.3 

(( 

3.5 

7.0 

11 

2.1 

5.5 

11 

0.5 

7.5 

ti 

2.5 

9.4 

(( 

3.8 

8.6 

It 

3.9 

il 

5.7 

11 

0.7 

11 

8.1 

2.5 

8.7 

11 

4.0 

9 

11.1 

a 

6.3 

10.0 

11 

5.1 

7.0 

tt 

2.0 

8.2 

11 

3.2 

9.0 

ti 

3.4 

9.0 

it 

4.3 

10 

14.4 

(( 

9.6 

12.9 

il 

8.0 

9.5 

ti 

4.5 

10.0 

ti 

5.0 

9.7 

—5.7 

4.0 

8.4 

8.7 

tt 
tc 

3,7 
4.0 

11 

lti.3 
16.9 

<( 

11.5 
12.1 

16.0 

tt 

11.1 

13.5 

It 

8.5 

12.8 

11 

7.8 

11.2 

it 

5.5 

9.7 

tt 

5.0 

Noon 

17.G 
16.0 

-4.9 

12.7 
11.1 

17.7 
17.9 

—4.9 

It 

12.8 
13.0 

IG.l 

-5.0 

11.1 

15.6 

—5.0 

10.6 

13.3 

—5.8 

7.5 

12.1 

—4.6 

7.5 

1 

15.3 

it 

10.4 

17.9 
17.2 

13.0 
12.3 

17.6 
17.9 

tt 

tt 

12.6 
12.9 

17.9 

18.0 

il 
n 

12.9 

13.0 

15.7 

tt 

9.9 

13.5 

tt 

8.9 

2 

14.1 

U 

9.2 

15.9 

11 

11.0 

17.9 
17.2 

tt 
tt 

12.9 
12.2 

18.0 

tt 

13.0 

16.0 
16.6 

—5.7 

10.3 
10.9 

15.3 
15.5 

11 

10.7 
10.9 

3 

12.8 

(( 

7.9 

13.4 

(t 

8.5 

16.7 

It 

11.7 

17.2 

—5.1 

12.1 

16.3 
16.3 

il 
il 

10.6 
10.6 

15.6 
15.2 

—4.5 

11.1 

10.7 

4 

8.7 

ii 

3.8 

9.7 

a 

4.8 

13.9 

tt 

8.9 

15.8 

tt 

10.7 

15.3 

it 

9.6 

15.0 

It 

10.5 

5 

4.7 
4.5 

—0.2 
—0.4 

7.8 

ti 

2.9 

12.4 

tt 

7.4 

14.4 

—5.2 

9.2 

14.9 

—5.6 

9.3 

12.9 

—4.4 

8.5 

6 

4.0 

4.0 

11 

—0.9 
—0.9 

6.2 

6.0 

tt 
tt 

1.3 
1.1 

11.7 

tt 

6.7 

13.4 

(( 

8.2 

14.2 

(( 

8.6 

11.2 

it 

6.8 

7 

4.7 

u 

—0.2 

6.0 
6.0 

tt 

1.1 
1.1 

11.1 

(( 

6.1 

12.0 
11.3 

11 

tl 

6.8 
6.1 

13.5 

—5.5 

8.0 

9.9 

it 

5.5 

8 

6.5 

<( 

1.6 

6.0 

(( 

1.1 

9.4 

(( 

4.4 

10.0 

—5.3 

4.7 

12.1 

" 

6.6 

8.2 

-^.3 

3.9 

6.4 

t( 

1.5 

8.5 

tt 

3.5 

7.7 

(( 

2.4 

8.6 

tt 

3.1 

6.4 

(t 

2.1 

9 

8.9 

(( 

4.0 

8.0 

(( 

3.1 

6.3 

tt 

1.3 

7.5 

11 

2.2 

6.9 

—5.4 

1.5 

5.2 

—4.2 

1.0 

7.2 

(( 

2.2 

7.2 

ti 

1.9 

6.9 

tt 

1.5 

5.3 

tl 

1.1 

10 

11.6 

(( 

6.7 

10.4 

tt 

5.5 

8.9 

tt 

3.9 

8.5 

tt 

3.2 

7.2 

It 

1.8 

5.3 
6.0 

tt 

—4.1 

1.1 

1.!) 

11 

13.8 
14.7 

8.9 
9.8 

15.8 
17.0 

tt 
tt 

10.9 
12.1 

11.8 

tt 

6.8 

11.2 

tt 

5.9 

9.2 

—5.3 

3.9 

6.4 

(( 

2.3 

Midn't 

15.2 

(( 

10.3 

17.3 

ti 

12.4 

14.6 

tt 

9.6 

13.9 

—5.4 

8.5 

11.4 

—5.2 

6.2 

8.6 

—4.0 

4.6 

Falh.    F 

cot.     liirh. 

Feb 

41 

Mar 

.  27.  Sounding  at  nooi 

28.  No  sounding, 
ch  1.  No  sounding. 

1     7 

5         6 

Mean 

correction  by  sounding  and  curves  adopted,  the  latter 

[showing  weight  2. 

(1 

2.  Sounding  at  nooi 

1    7 

5         6 

Corret 

ited  reading  by  sounding  11.0,  by  curves  10.2,  mean  10.6. 

(( 

3.          "          " 

7 

1          6 

Corre 

oted  reading  by  sounding  7.0,  by  curves  8.0,  mean  7.5. 

i( 

4.  No  Boundinp;. 

RECORD   AND    REDUCTION    OF    THE   TIDES. 


23 


Series  II. — Tidal  Observations  from  January  28  to  April  7,  1854. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  T.O,  expressed  in  units 
of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  iudicate  rise  of  water. 


March,  1854. 


Mean 

solar 
hour. 


5th. 


3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

Noon 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

Midn't 


10.5 

11.8 

12.7 
12.8 
12.8 
11.9 
11.7 
11.2 
10.9 

9.7 

8.7 
7.4 
6.3 
6.6 
6.6 
6.7 
7.3 

9.5 

10.5 

11.8 
12.3 
13.2 
13.2 
13.2 
12.7 
11.9 

10.4 

9.8 


Red. 

to 
level. 


7.4 

7.3 

7.5 

7.8 

9.2 

—3.8 

It 

—3.7 

It 

—3.6 
—3.5 

(t 

—3.4 

—3.3 
—3.2 
—3.1 

t( 
(( 

—3.0 

« 

—3.1 

(( 
It 
il 

—3.2 

(( 
tt 

—3.3 

It 
tl 

—3.4 

(t 
t( 
It 

—3.5 


Ref. 
obs. 


6.7 

8.0 

9.0 
9.1 

9.2 
8.3 
8.2 
7.7 
7.5 

6.3 

5.4 
4.1 
3.1 
3.4 
3.5 
3.6 
4.2 

6.5 

7.5 

8.7 

9.2 

10.1 

10.1 

10.0 

9.5 

8.7 

7.1 

6.5 

5.5 

4.3 
4.0 
3.9 
4.1 
4.4 

5.7 


8th. 


10.7 

12.1 

13.2 

14.0 
14.1 
14.1 
14.0 
13.9 

12.9 

12.2 

10.1 
10.0 
10.0 
10.0 
10.0 
10.4 
10.4 

11.3 

12.0 

12.6 

12.9 

13.3 
13.6 
13.3 

12.7 

12.2 

9.5 


8.1 
8.1 
8.4 
8.6 


Red. 

to 
level. 


-3.5 


-3.6 


-3.7 


—3.8 


-3.9 


4.0 


Ref. 
obs. 


7.2 
8.6 
9.6 


9.7 
11.0 
12.1 


8.2 

5.5 

4.2 
4.1 
4.1 
4.4 
4.5 


7th. 


Red. 

to 
level. 


4.1 


10.4 

12.8 

10.5 

12.9 

10.4 

12.9 

10.3 

12.9 

10.2 

12.9 

12.9 

9.1 

12.9 

12.9 

8.4 

12.9 

12.7 

6.2 

12.1 

6.1 

6.1 

10.5 

6.1 

10.5 

6.1 

10.0 

6.5 

10.2 

6.4 

10.2 

7.3 

10.5 

8.0 

8.6 

8.9 

9.3 
9.6 
9.3 

.3 

60 

2 

U 

Kef. 
obs. 


10th. 


5.6 

6.9 

8.0 

8.7 
8.8 
8.8 
8.8 
8.7 
8.7 
8.7 
8.7 
8.7 
8.5 
7.9 

6.3 
6.3 
5.8 
6.0 
5.9 

6.2 


9.6 
9.1 
8.9 
8.9 
8.9 
9.0 
9.0 
9.0 
9.0 
9.6 
10.0 

11.3 

13.1 

15.2 
15.5 
15.5 
15.5 
15.3 

15.0 

14.0 

11.9 

11.5 
11.4 
11.3 
11.3 
11.3 
11.6 
11.8 

12.3 

12.9 

13.5 

15.0 
15.5 
15.5 
15.5 
15.5 


Red. 

Ref. 

11th. 

Red. 

to 

obs. 

to 

level. 

level. 

Ref. 

obs. 


15th.     Red. 
to 
level. 


-^.7 

t( 

—4.8 
—4.9 

t( 

—5.0 
« 

—5.1 
—5.2 
—5.3 

—5.4 

—5.5 

—5.6 
—5.6 
—5.7 

a 

—5.8 
—5.9 
—6.0 
—6.1 
—6.2 

If 
tt 

—6.3 

It 
(( 

—6.4 
—6.5 


—6.6 
—6.7 

(( 
It 
it 

—6.8 


4.9 
4.4 
4.1 
4,1 
4.0 
4.1 
4.0 
4.0 
3.9 
4.4 
4.7 

5.9 

7.6 

9.6 
9.9 
9.8 
9.8 
9.5 

9.1 

8.0 

5.8 

5.3 
5.2 
5.1 
5.0 
5.0 
5.3 
5.4 

5.8 

6.4 

6.9 

8.3 

8.8 
8.8 
8.8 
8.7 


15.1 
14.3 

13.2 

12.5 
12.4 
12.4 
12.4 
12.4 
12.4 
12.4 
12.5 
12.8 

14.2 

16.0 

17.2 
17.5 
17.6 


—6.9 


—7.0 


8.2 
7.4 

6.2 

5.5 
5.4 
5.4 
5.4 
5.4 
5.4 
5.4 
5.5 
5.8 

7.2 

9.0 

10.2 
10.5 
10.6 


17.6 
17.5 

15.7 

15.2 

14.0 ! 

11.5' 

10.2 
10.0 
10.7 

12.4 

17.0 

19.2 

20.7 
21.5 
18.0 

18.3 

17.3 

16.0 

13.7 

12.9 

12.6 
12.4 
12.3 
12.3 
12.3 
12.3 
14.0 

16.5 

19.1 

20.5 


—6.4 
—6.5 

—6.7 

—6.9 

—7.1 

—7.3 

—7.5 

—7.7 
—7.9 

—8.1 

—8.3 

—8.5 

—8.7 
—8.8 
—8.9 

—9.0 

—9.1 

—9.2 

tt 

—9.3 
—9.4 

tt 

—9.5 

tt 

—9.6 
—9.7 
—9.8 
—9.9 
-10.0 


Ref. 

obs. 


11.2 
11.0 

9.0 

8.3 

6.9 

4.2 

2.7 
2.3 

2.8 

4.3 

8.7 

10.7 

12.0 

12.7 

9.1 

9.3 

8.2 

6.8 

4.5 

3.6 

3.2 
3.0 
2.8 
2.8 
2.7 
2.7 
4.3 

6.7 

9.2 

10.5 


March  5.  Soundings  at  noon  6  fath.,  3  feet,  6  inches.     Correction  from  curves. 
"       7.  Tide  register  broke  at  9  A.  M.,  was  repaired  immediately.    No  sounding. 
Fath.     Feet.     Inch. 


March  6.  No  sounding. 
March  8.  No  sounding. 


"       9. 

Sounding 

at  noon 

6 

4 

0 

"     10. 

" 

(( 

7 

0 

0 

"     11. 

(( 

t( 

7 

— 

— 

"     14. 

" 

11 

7 

5 

6 

"     15. 

" 

" 

8 





March  12.  No  sounding  and  but  a  few  observations  taken. 

"     13.  But  few  observations  taken. 
The  corrections  after  March  7  are  derived  from  curves. 


24 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION    OF    THE    TIDES. 


Series  II. — Tidal  Observations  from  January  28  to  April  7, 

1854. 

Hourly  observations  on  tbe  puUey-gange.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  1.0,  expressed  iu  units  | 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 

March,  1854. 

Mean 

16th. 

Red.     Ref. 

17th. 

Ked. 

Ref. 

18th.     Ked. 

Ref. 

19th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

20th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

23d. 

Ked. 

Ref. 

solar 

to       obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

20.5 

— lO.OilO.5 

19.8 

—11.0 

8.8 

1 

20.5 

(( 

10.5 

21.4 

—9.6 

11.8 

19.5 

—8.8 

10.7 

21.4 

—10.3 

11.1 

20.9 

tl 

9.9 

tZ 

20.5 

t( 

10.5 

21.6 

(( 

12.0, '20.3 

U 

11.5 

^ 

2 

20.0 

(( 

10.0 

21.6 

ti 

12.0 

20.9 

(1 

12.1 

22.2 

—10.4 

11.8 

21.3 

II 

10.3 

tc 

21.0 

li 

11.4 

20.8 

u 

12.0 

22."  7 

" 

12.3 

21.5 

tl 

10.5 

t 

3 

17.5 

(( 

7.5 

19.8 

-9.5 

10.3 

19.5 

*' 

10.7 

22.7 
22.7 

—10.5 

12.2 
12.2 

21.7 
22.4 

It 
It 

10.7 
11.4 

t— 1 

4 

15.4 

a 

5.4 

17.5 

(( 

8.0 

17.7 

—8.7 

9.0 

22.2 

—10.6 

11.6 

22.4 
22  4 

It 
u 

11.4 
12.4 

10.4 

—4.0 

6.4 

5 

15.1 

—10.1 

5.0 

16.7 

—9.4 

7.3 

15.9 

Ct 

7.2 

19.2 

(1 

8.6 

22^2 

u 

11.2 

10.5 

—4.1 

6.4 

6 

14.8 

(( 

4.7 

14.8 

it 

5.4 

12.4 

li 

3.7 

17.0 

—10.7 

6.3 

19.3 

It 

8.3 

11.5 
12.3 

—4.2 

it 

7.3 
8.1 

7 

14.3 

11 

4.2 

12.7 

u 

3.3 

11.2 

(( 

2.5 

15.0 
14.1 

4.3 
3.4 

19.0 

tt 

8.0 

13.2 
13.7 

t( 

9.0 
9.5 

8 

13.9 

ft 

3.8 

10.3 

it 

0.9 

10.7 

C( 

2.0 

13.4 

ii 

2.7 

13.2 

—4.3 

8.9 

13.3 

11 

3.2 

10.0 

—9.3 

0.7 

10.5 

it 

1.8 

14.1 

ti 

3.4 

9 

15.6 

It 

5.5 

11.2 

II 

1.9 

10.3 
10.3 

ti 
li 

1.6 

1.6 

14.7 

—10.8 

3.9 

12.6 

—4.4 

8.2 

10 

16.5 

ti 

6.4 

16.0 

It 

6.7 

10.3 

i( 

1.6 

16.2 

a 

5.4 

12.0 

—4.5 

7.5 

11 

18.3 

11 

8.2 

19.6 

—9.2  10.4 

13.3 

li 

4.6 

17.2 

it 

6.4 

11.0 

—4.7 

6.3 

Noon 

18.3 
18.4 

—10.2 

11 

8.1 

8.2 

17.0 

? 

14.6 

—8.6 

6.0 

19.3 

li 

8.5 

11.2 

-4.8 

6.4 

1 

18.6 

K 

8.4 

19.6 

—9.2  10.4 

16.9 

il 

8.3 

20.3 

il 

9.5 

, 

11.1 

—5.0 

6.1 

18.5 

tl 

8.3 

M 

11.1 

11 

6.1 

2 

18.5 

—10.1 

8.4 

19.5 

(C 

10.3 

18.2 
18.1 

—8.7 

9.5 

9.4 

21.5 
21.6 

it 

—10.9 

10.7 

10.7 

3 

10.4 
10.5 

—5.1 

5.3 

5.4 

3 

15.0 

({ 

4.9 

18.6 

—9.1 

9.5 

18.1 

II 

9.4 

21.6 
21.6 

It 

10.7 
10.7 

11.1 

—5.2 

5.9 

4 

13.5 
13.2 

—10.0 

(( 

3.5 
3.2 

17.2 

it 

8.1 

16.0 

—8.8 

7.2 

21.4 

It 

10.5 

1 

4) 

11.8 

—5.4 

6.4 

5 

13.0 

it 

3.0 

16.8 

tt 

7.7 

14.6 

—8.9 

5.7 

20.2 

il 

9.3 

12.2 

—5.5 

6.7 

13.0 

tl 

3.0 

M 

6 

13.0 
13.0 

—9.9 

11 

3.1 
3.1 

15.7 

—9.0 

6.7 

14.1 

—9.0 

5.1 

17.2 

tl 

6.3 

o 

13.4 

—5.6 

7.8 

7 

13.0 
13.0 

It 

ti 

3.1 
3.1 

14.3 

it 

5.3 

13.1 
12.6 

—9.1 
—9.2 

4.0 
3.4 

13.9 
13.7 

it 
It 

3.0 

2.8 

13.9 

—5.7 

8.2 

8 

]3.0 

ti 

3.1 

12.1 

fi 

3.1 

12.4 

—9.3 

3.1 

13.5 

11 

2.6 

14.2 

—5.8 

8.4 

13.3 

tt 

3.4 

10.2 

it 

1.2 

12.5 

—9.4 

3.1 

13.5 

it 

2.6 

14.3 

il 

8.5 

9 

14.8 

—9.8 

6.0 

10.4 
11.3 

ti 

tt 

1.4 
2.3 

13.0 

—9.6 

3.4 

13.5 
13.5 

tt 
It 

2.6 
2.6 

14.0 

It 

8.2 

10 

15.8 

ii 

6.0 

13.2 

—8.9 

4.3 

14.2 

—9.8 

4.4  14.0 

11 

3.1 

13.8 

—5.9 

7.9 

11 

18.3 

li 

8.5 

13.6 

II 

4.7 

17.2 

—10.0 

7.2  18.4 

a 

7.5 

12.2 

il 

6.3 

Midn't 
1 

20.0 

—9.7 

10.3 

13.9 

If 

5.0 

19.2 

—10.2 

9.0  20.9 

—11.0 

9.9 

12.0 

—6.0 

6.0 

Path.    Feet.     Inch. 

March  16.  Sounding  at  noon     8       —      —     \ 

"      17.           "          "             7         5         6     \ 

"      18.           "           "             7         3        0/ 

"      19.  No  sounding.                                      ( 

II      20     "          "                                             /    Corrections  fr 

3m  curv 

es. 

"     21.  Sounding  at  noon    6        1        0     \ 

"      22.           "          "              G        0        0      1 

"      23.  No  sounding.                                     / 

REC0  1M»    AN  J)    UKDUCTION    OF    THK   TIDES. 


25 


Series  II. — Tidal  Observations  from  January  28  to  April  7,  1854. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pnl 

cy-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  T.O,  e.\i)ressed  in  units   1 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 

March,  1854. 

Mean 

24th. 

Red.    '  Ref.  25th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

26lh. 

Red. 

Ref. 

27tli. 

Red. 

Ref. 

28th. 

Red. 

Ref.    29th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to      ,  obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

15.5 

—3.5 

12.0 

1 

11.3 
10.9 

—6.0 

5.3 
4.9 

8.5 

—0.1 

8.4 

9.9 

—2.9 

7.0 

10.2 

—1.1 

9.1 

15.0 

—4.7 

10.3  15.3 
14.0 

—3.3 

12.0 
10.7 

2 

lO.fl 
10.9 

—6.1 

4.8 

4.8 

6.5 
5.5 

—0.2 

it 

6.3 
5.3 

8.3 

—3.0 

5.3 

8.2 

— i.:i 

6.9 

12.4 

—4.9 

7.5  13.3 

—3.2 

10.1 

',] 

11.2 

—6.2 

5.0 

5.5 

5.5 

—0.3 

5.2 
5.2 

7.5 
7.3 

—3.2 
—3.3 

4.3 
4.0 

6.0 

—1.4 

4.6 

9.7 

—5.1 

4.6 

11.3 

—3.1 

8.2 

4 

12.1 

(( 

5.9 

5.5 
5.6 

—0.4 

5.1 

5.2 

7.3 
7.3 

—3.4 
—3.5 

3.9 

3.8 

4.1 
3.9 

—1.5 
—1.6 

2.6 
2.3 

0.0 

—5.2 

3.8 

9.0 

—3.0 

6.0 

5 

12.9 

—6.3 

C.6 

5.7 

—0.5 

5.2 

7.6 

—3.6 

4.0 

.3.9 
4.2 

—1.7 

—1.8 

2.2 
2.4 

8.0 
7.7 

—5.3 
—5.4 

2.7 
2.3 

7.5 
7.1 

(( 

4.5 
4.1 

6 

13.8 

(t 

7.5 

8.2 

—0.7 

7.5 

9.2 

—3.8 

5.4 

4.5 

—1.9 

2.6 

7.5 

8.2 

—5.5 
—5.6 

2.0 
2.6 

6.5 
6.5 

3.5 
3.5 

7 

15.0 
IG.O 

-f-^ 

8.6' 
9.i; 

9.2 

—0.8 

8.4 

11.8 

—4.0 

7.8 

5.3 

—2.0 

3.3 

8.7 

—5.7 

3.0 

6.5 

7.2 

tt 

It 

3.5 

4.2 

8 

16.7 
16.4 

—6.5 

10.2 
9.9 

9.9 

—1.0 

8.9 

13.5 

—4.2 

9.3 

8.0 

—2.1 

5.9 

11.2 

—5.8 

5.4 

8.6 

u 

5.6 

9 

16.0 

—6.6 

9.4 

11.2 

—1.1 

10.1 

16.0 

—4.4  11.6! 

12.1 

—2.2 

9.9 

16.4 

11 

10.6 

12.8 

it 

9.8 

11.5 

-1.2 

10.3 

16.2 

—4.5 

11.7 

10 

15.5 

—6.7 

8.8 

11.5 

—1.3 

10.2 

16.2 

—4.7 

11.5 

13.7 

—2.4 

11.3 

16.9 

11 

11.1 

14.9 

it 

11.9 

11.5 

it 

10.2 

15.5 

—4.9 

10.6 

14.0 

—2.5 

11.5 

17.2 

" 

11.4 

11 

15.0 

—6.8 

8.2 

11.5 
10.5 

—1.4 

10.1 
9.1 

14.0 

—5.2 

8.8 

14.0 
14.0 

—2.1 

—2.7 

11.9 
11.3 

17.7 
17.8 

(C 

11.0 
12.0 

16.5 

(( 

13.5 

Noon 

8.7 

-0.7 

S.O 

9.5 

—1.5 

8.0 

12.0 

—5.5 

6.5 

13.9 

—2.8 

11.1 

16.0 

—5.9 

10.1 

17.2 
17.5 

—3.0 

14.2 
14.5 

1 

7.7 

—0.5 

7.2 

8.7 

—1.6 

7.1 

10.3 

? 

--- 

12.6 

—2.9 

9.7 

16.3 

n 

10.4 

17.5 

17.4 

(( 

14.5 
14.4 

9 

5.8 
5.6 

—0.3 

5.5 
5.3 

7.7 

—1.7 

6.0 

8.7 

it 

--- 

9.4 

—3.1 

6.3 

16.3 

—5.8 

10.5 

16.9 

It 

13.9 

3 

5.6 
5.6 

—0.1 

5.5 

5.5 

6.6 

—1.9 

4.7 

6.2 

a 



6.6 

—3.2 

3.4 

16.6 

—5.6 

11.0 

11.0 

it 

8.0 

4 

5.6 

0.0 

5.6 

6.3 

—2.0 

4.3 

3.7 
3.4 

0.0 

3.7 
3.4 

6.5 
4.9 

—3.4 

3.1 

1.5 

12.8 

—5.3 

7.5 

7.7 

t( 

4.7 

5 

6.0 

(( 

6.0 

6.6 
7.3 

—2.1 

4.5 

5.2 

3.5 

—0.1 

3.4 

5.1 

4.9 

—3.5 

—3.6 

1.6 
1.3 

11.5 

—5.1 

6.4 

5.0 

a 

2.0 

0 

6.8 

(t 

6.8 

7.8 

-2.2 

5.6 

3.9 

—0.3 

3.6 

5.2 

—3.7 

1.5 

10.2 
3.5 

—4.9 

—4.8 

5.3 
—1.3 

2.9 

2.8 

a 

—0.1 
—0.2 

7 

7.6 

C( 

7.6 

9.3 

—2.3 

7.0 

4.6 

—0.4 

4.2 

6.9 

—3.9 

3.0 

3.8 
5.2 

—4.7 

—0.9 
0.5 

3.2 

(( 

0.2 

8 

7.7 

(( 

7.7 

10.9 

—2.4 

8.5 

6.9 

—0.5 

6.4 

8.6 

—4.1 

4.5 

6.2 

—4.6 

1.6 

5.2 

(( 

2.2 

!) 

8.3 

(C 

8.3 

11.4 
12.0 

—2.5 

8.9 
9.5 

9.9 

—0.6 

9.3 

12.3 

—4.2 

8.1 

11.6 

—4.4 

7.2 

7.2 

It 

4.2 

10 

9.1 

9.2 

it 

9.1 
9.2 

12.2 
12.0 

—2.6 

9.6 
9.4 

11.2 

—0.8 

10.4 

13.9 
14.4 

-4.3 

9.6 
10.1 

12.0 

—4.2 

8.4 

10.5 

u 

7.5 

11 

9.2 

S.7 

9.2 
8.7 

12.0 

—2.7 

9.3 

11.9 
12.3 

—0.9 

11.0 
11.4 

14.8 
15.3 

—4.4 

10.4 
10.9 

14.6 

—4.0 

10.6 

13.7 

(( 

10.7 

Midu't 

8.4 

It 

8.4 

11.5 

—2.8 

8.7 

11.4 

—1.0 

10.4 

15.2 

—4.5 

10.7 

16.5 

—3.7 

11.8 

15.2 

it 

12.2 

Fulli 

F,-l.     Inch. 

Ma 

ruli  2 

4.  Souiidiut;  at  uoon     6 

2          6 

"      2 

5.           "          "             6 

3          6 

"      2 

6.           "          "             7 

0         0 

"      2 

7.  No  sounding. 

■ 

"      2 

8.   Sounding  at  noon     7 

4        0        Correction  by  sounding  — G.G,  by  curve  —5.2,  mea 

n  —5. 

9 

"      2 

9.           "           "              7 

5         6 

t 

26 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OF   THE   TIDES. 


Series  II.— 

-Tidal  Ob.servations  from  January  28  to  A 

PRIL  7,  1854. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gange.     Ad 

opted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0,  expressed  in  nnits    1 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 

March,  1854. 

April,  1854. 

Mean 

30th. 

Red.     Eef. 

31st. 

Red.   JRef. 

4th.      Red. 

Ref. 

5th. 

Red.     Ref. 

6tb. 

Red.     Ref. 

7th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to        obs. 

to      (  obs. 

to 

obs. 

to        obs. 

to        obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level,  j 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

15.3 

—3.0  12.3 

8.3 

—3.0 

5.3 

7.5 

—1.7!  5.8 

7.0 

—1.5 

5.5 

1 

15.3 
15.4 

"       12.3 
"       12.4 

13.8 

14.5 

—3.0  10.8 
"       11.5 



9.6 

(( 

6.6 

7.8 

'* 

6.1 

7.5 

tt 

6.0 

2 

15.5 

"       12.5 

14.5 

"       11.5 



10.5 

—2.9 

7.6 

8.4 

—1.6 

6.8 

7.5 

tt 

6.0 

15.3 

"      12.3 

13.2 

It 

10.2 

3 

14.6 

"       11.6 

12.0 

11 

9.0 

--- 

11.2 

— 2.8|  8.4 

1 

9.6 

tt 

8.0 

7.5 

" 

6.0 

4 

13.6 

"       10.6 

9.7 

(( 

6.7 

-.. 

11.8 

(1 

9.0 

10.0 

it 

8.4 

8.0 

(( 

6.5 

5 

11.8 

« 

8.8 

7.0 

U 

4.0 

..- 

12.2 

—2.7 

9.5 

10.4 

ii 

8.8 

8.6 

(( 

7.1 

12.4 

"         9.7 

10.4 

(( 

8.8 

6 

9.4 

i( 

6.4 

5.6 

u 

2.6 



12.4 

"      !  9.7 

10.4 

it 

8.8 

9.8 

(( 

8.3 

9.9 

tt 

8.4 

7 

6.9 

"         3.9 

5.0 

C( 

2.0 

_  _  _ 

11.2 

—2.6     8.6 

10.4 

U 

8.8 

10.0 

ii 

8.5 

4.7 

"    ;  1.7 

1 

10.4 

a 

8.8 

10.0 

(( 

8.5 

8 

6.3 

3.3 

4.5 

t( 

1.5 



9.2 

—2.5     6.7 

10.4 

ii 

8.8 

10.0 

tt 

8.5 

5.0 

(( 

2.0 

10.2 

tt 

8.6 

10.0 

it 

8.5 

» 

7.2 

4.2 

6.0 

(( 

3.0 



8.1 

(( 

5.6 

10.0 

(( 

8.4 

10.0 
10.0 

tt 

ii 

8.5 
8.5 

1" 

10.1 

"         7.1 

8.0 

It 

5.0 



7.4 

7.4 

—2.4'  5.0 
•'      ,   5.0 

9.1 

(( 

7.5 

9.5 

tt 

8.0 

11 

12.9 
15.2 

(( 
(( 

9.9 
12.2 

10.1 

ii 

7.1 



7.4 
7.4 

"      >  5.0 
"      '   5.0 

8.5 

(( 

6.9 

8.8 

it 

7.3 

>'oon 

16.5 

" 

13.5 

11.9 

tt 

8.9 

9.0 

-4.0 

5.0 

8.0 

—2.3!   5.7 

8.0 

—1.5 

ti.5 

8.5 

—1.5 

7.0 

16.1 

" 

13.1 

1 

15.3 

l( 

12.3 

14.7 

" 

11.7 

9.7 

(C 

5.7 

8.6 

<( 

6.3 

7.5 

11 

6.0 

7.0 

(( 

5.5 

16.0 

(( 

13.0 

7.0 

»t 

5.5 

2 

13.3 

"      10.3 

15.8 

(( 

12.8 

11.0 

—3.9 

7.1 

8.9 

—2.2 

6.7 

7.5 

11 

6.0 

7.0 

(( 

5.5 

16.0 

"      113.0 

7.5 

11 

6.0 

7.0 

(( 

5.5 

3 

12.3 

it 

9.3 

15.2 

"      12.2 

11.3 

a 

7.4 

8.9 

—2.1 

6.8 

7.5 

11 

6.0 

7.0 

*' 

5.5 

12.3 

—3.8 

8.5 

7.0 

tt 

5.5 

4 

S.l 

U 

5.1 

14.7 

(t 

11.7 

13.1 
12.9 

—3.7 

9.3 
9.2 

8.9 

(t 

6.8 

7.5 

11 

6.0 

7.0 

11 

5.5 

.5 

7.0 

(C 

4.0 

12.9 

(f 

9.9 

11.7 

(( 

8.0 

8.6 

8.9 

—2.0 

6.6 
6.9 

7.9 

11 

6.4 

7.5 

it 

6.0 

6 

5.5 

(( 

2.5 

10.8 

(( 

7.8 

9.9 

—3.6 

6.3 

8.9 

(( 

6.9 

8.0 

11 

6.5 

8.1 

tt 

6.6 

8.7 

—1.9     6.8 

* 

7 

4.4 

4.3 

(I 
(1 

1.4 
1.3 

11.5 

(t 

8.5 

9.0 

It 

5.4 

8.7 

U 

6.8 

8.0 

11 

6.5 

8.7 

tt 

7.2 

8 

4.3 

(( 

1.3 

8.4 

—2.9 

5.5 

8.0 

—3.5 

4.5 

8.1 

it 

6.2 

S.O 

11 

6.5 

9.0 

(t 

7.5 

4.4 

1.4 

7.0 

I( 

4.1 

9 

6.8 

"      1  3.8 

6.1 

—2.8 

3.3 

8.2 

-3.4 

4.8 

8.0 

-1.8 

6.2 

8.2 

(1 

6.7 

9.0 

tt 

7.5 

7.6 

(( 

4.8 

7.8 

It 

4.4 

9.0 

a 

7.5 

HI 

10.3 

"      ,  7.3 

8.8 

—2.7 

6.1 

7.5 

—3.3 

4.2 

7.5 

(I 

5.7 

7.8 

11    « 

6.3 

9.0 

tt 

7.5 

7.5 

(( 

4.2 

7.5 

(( 

5.7 

9.0 

" 

7.5 

11 

12.2 

9.2 

11.4 

—2.6 

8.8 

7.5 

—3.2 

4.3 

7.5 

(( 

5.7 

7.3 

11 

6.8 

9.0 

'11 

7.5 

12.2 

<( 

9.6 

7.7 

(( 

4.5 

7.5 

" 

5.7 

7.0 

11 

5.5 

MidoM 

13.1 

"       10.1 

13.0 

—2.5 

10.5 

8.3 

—3.1 

5.2 

7.5 

—1.7 

5.8 

7.0 

11 

5.5 

9.0 

II 

7.5 

1 

1 

12.4 

"      1  9.9 

Filth.     Teft.     Inch. 

March  30 

Sounding  at  noo 

n     7        4        6        Corr 

•etion  l\v  rurve.s  preferred. 

"      31 

No  sounding, 

April  1-3 

ti          (t 

4. 

Hounding  at  noo 

1     i;          ;         (1 

"           r 

'' 

6         2         0 

Cor 

ret:lion.s   derived    frimi    cur 

vcs,   re-vlings   (lu 

;iglits) 

not 

'■ 

6         2         6 

re 

liable,  see  preceding  note  o; 

April  14.    . 

"            J . 

':         1!         6 

. 

RECORD    AND    REDUCTION    OF   THE   TIDES. 


27 


Series  III Tidal  Observations  from  April  20  to  August  3,  1854. 

Ho  Ill- 

iy  observations  on  the  pul 

cy-Range.     Adoptefl  reading  of  mean  level  7.0,  e.vpress 

pd  in  units 

of  the  scak 

Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 

April,  1854. 

Mean 

20tli. 

Red. 

Ref. 

2l8t. 

Red. 

Ref. 

22d. 

Red. 

Ref. 

23d. 

Red.     Ref. 

24th. 

Red. 

Ref 

25th. 

Red. 

Ref 

snlar 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to      !  obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

lidiir. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

6.7 

—2.2 

4.5 

7.8 

—3.5 

4.3 

1 

7.3 

it 

5.1 

7.5 

11 

4.0 

10.0 

—4.2:  5.8 

9.4 

—4.0 

5.4 

11.1 

—3.5 

7.(i 

7.5 

tt 

4.0 

o 

7.9 

—2.3 

5.6 

7.7 

—3.6 

4.1 

9.9 

8.5 

tt 

tt 

5.7 
4.3 

7.5 

(t 

3.5 

8.8 

tt 

5.3 

3 

9.0 

—2.4 

C>.6 

7.9 

tt 

4.3 

8.3 

8.5 

tl 
tt 

4.1 
4.3 

G.7 
6.5 

(( 
11 

2.7 
2.5 

7.5 

ft 

4.0 

4 

.2 

0 

10.2 

(; 

7.8 

8.9 

—3.7 

5.2 

8.7 

It 

4.5 

6.5 
6.7 

—3.9 

2.6 

2.8 

6.4 
5.8 

—3.4 

It 

3.0 
2.4 

r, 

11.4 

—2.5 

8.9 

9.7 

cc 

6.0 

10.2 

(( 

6.0 

7.1 

(( 

3.2 

5.0 
6.0 

1.6 
2.6 

G 

12.1 

(I 

9.6 

12.2 

—3.8 

8.4 

11.8 

ft 

7.6 

8.8 

(C 

4.9 

7.0 

U 

3.6 

7 

12.5 
12.6 

—2.6 

(t 

9.9 
10.0 

13.3 
13.7 

tt 
tt 

9.5 
9.9 

13.2 
14.0 

(t 
t( 

9.0 

9.8 

10.5 

(( 

6.6 

8.5 

(( 

5.1 

8 

12.5 

—2.7 

9.8 

14.3 

14.0 

—3.9 

10.4 
10.1 

14.9 
14.9 

t( 

It 

10.7 
10.7 

12.9 
15.0 

9.0 
11.1 

10.9 

—3.3 

7.6 

9 

11.3 

—1.0 

10.3 

11.0 

—2.8 

8.2  13.7 

tt 

9.8 

13.0 

tt 

8.8 

15.0 

(( 

11.1 

13.4 

tt 

10.1 

14.5 

tt 

11.2 

10 

8.3 

—1.1 

7.2 

9.9 

tl 

7.1 

12.3 

il 

8.4 

?8.1 

? 

--- 

14.9 

u 

11.0 

15.5 
15.3 

tl 
tl 

12.2 
12.0 

11 

6.7 

—1.2 

5.5 

8.5 

—2.9 

5.6 

11.3 

ii 

7.4 

10.7 

ft 



14.6 

u 

10.7 

14.1 

tl 

10.8 

(5.4       " 

5.2 

Noon 

6.4,  —1.3 
6.41      " 

5.1 
5.1 

7.9 
7.4 

—3.0 

4.9 
4.4 

10.7 

—4.0 

6.7 

11.5 

—4.3    7.2 

12.9 

—3.8 

9.1 

12.5 

—3.2 

9.3 

1 

6.7 

11 

5.4 

7.0 
7.0 

CI 

4.0 
4.0 

8.7 

(( 

4.7 

■  9.5 

It 

5.2 

10.6 

(( 

6.8 

10.3 

(( 

7.1 

•_; 

7.1 

—1.4 

5.7 

7.0 

—3.1 

3.9 

8.3 

tt 

4.3 

8.3 

tt 

4.0 

9.0 

(( 

5.2 

8.3 

tl 

D.l 

7.4 

11 

4.3 

8.0 

tl 

4.0 

3 

7.9 

" 

6.5 

8.0 

It 

4.9 

8.0 
8.0 

It 

il 

4.0 
4.0 

7.2 
6.6 

—4.2    3.0 
2.4 

7.4 

tt 

3.6 

6.9 

tt 

3.7 

4 

9.0 

—1.5 

7.5 

8.8 

—3.2 

5.6 

8.0 

(( 

4.0 

6.1 

"         1.9 

6.1 

—3.7;  2.4 

5.2 

(( 

2.0 

8.3 

it 

4.3 

6.0 

"      '  1.8 

5.4 

"      1  1.7 

5.0 

" 

1.8 

5 

9.5 
9.7 

8.0 
8.2 

8.5 

(( 

5.3 

9.0 

—4.1 

4.9 

6.5 

—4.1    2.4 

5.7 

'* 

2.0 

5.0 
5.0 

1.8 
1.8 

0 

9.7 
9.7 

—1.6 

It 

8.1 

8.1 

9.2 
10.1 

—3.3 

5.9 

6.8 

10.8 

tt 

6.7 

7.5 

3.4 

8.1 

tt 

4.4 

5.2 

tt 

2.0 

7 

9.5 

ti 

7.9 

10.5 
10.5 

7.2 
7.2 

11.5 

it 

7.4 

9.3 

(C 

5.2 

9.0 

it 

5.3 

7.5 

11 

4.3 

8 

8.8 

—1.7 

7.1 

10.5 
10.5 

ti 

7.2 
7.2 

12.5 

tl 

8.4 

10.8 

It 

6.7 

10.4 

—3.6 

6.8 

9.7 

—3.1 

6.6 

9 

7.9 

—1.8 

6.1 

10.5 

—3.4 

7.1 

13.0 

tt 

8.9 

12.0 

tl 

7.9 

13.5 

(( 

9.9 



10.0 

(( 

6.6 

13.9 

It 

9.8 

12.8 

it 

8.7 

13.5 

t( 

9.9 

10 

7.0 

—1.9 

5.1 

9.1 

IC 

5.7 

13.9 
13.0 

tt 

—4.2 

9.8 
8.8 

13.6 
13.6 

—4.0 

(i 

9.6 
9.6 

13.5 
12.5 

it 
It 

9.9 
8.9 





11 

6.9 

—2.0 

4.9 

8.4 

ti 

5.0 

12.0 

it 

7.8 

13.0 

"      1  9.0 

12.0 

tl 

8.4 

... 



Midu't 

6.9 

—2.1 

4.8 

7.9 

—3.5 

4.4 

11.3 

tt 

7.1 

9.0 

5.0 

11.5 

—3.5 

8.0 

... 

... 

April  20.  No  sounding. 

Falli.     Feet.     luch. 

"     21.  Sounding  at  nooi 

6          1          0      \ 

((       OO                  ((                 (( 

6         3        0      ) 

"     23.           "          " 

6         3         6      \     Tlie  corrections  were  deduced  from  tlie  cu 

rve3. 

"     24.           "           " 

6         4         5^ 

"     25. 

(( 

It 

7 

0 

6 

/ 

2S 


RECORD    AND   REDUCTION    OP   THE    TIDES. 


Semes  III.- 

—Tidal  Observations  from  A 

PRiL  20  TO  August  3,  1854. 

Ilourl}'  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge. 

Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0,  expressed  in  units  1 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water.                                     1 

April, 

1854. 

May,  1854. 

Mean   26tfa. 

Red. 

Ref. 

27tli. 

Red. 

Ref. 

28tb. 

Red. 

Ref. 

29th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

30th. 

Red.     Ref. 

1st. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to       obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level.  1 

level. 

level. 

14.4 

(( 

11.4 

16.4 

—3.4  13.0 

16.4 

—3.6 

12.8 

16.2 

tt 

12.3 

1 

10.1 

—3.0 

7.1 

14.5 

—3.0 

11.5 

9.2 

—3.0 

6.2 

16.0 

t( 

12.6 

15.3 

tt 

11.7 

16.5 

tt 

12.6 

14.1 

(C 

11.1 

16.5 

tt 

12.6 

2 

9.1 

u 

6.1 

12.8 

(( 

9.8 

7.8 

11 

4.8 

14.9 

(I 

11.5 

12.8 

it 

9.2 

15.9 

—4.0 

11.9 

3 

7.1 
G.3 

(( 

4.1 
3.3 

10.5 

(f 

7.5 

7.0 

tt 

4.0 

13.1 

tt 

9.7 

10.3 

u 

6.7 

14.7 

ti 

10.7 

4 

5.6 

5.8 

2.6 
2.8 

8.3 

(( 

5.3 

G.O 
5.3 

tt 
il 

3.0 
2.3 

11.7 

It 

8.3 

7.6 

it 

4.0 

13.4 

** 

9.4 

5 

6.3 

li 

3.3 

6.8 

(( 

3.8 

5.0 
5.1 

it 

2.0 
2.1 

9.8 

It 

6.4 

6.2 
5.5 

it 
it 

2.6 
1.9 

12.2 

ft 

8.2 

G 

7.3 

4.3 

4.7 
4.0 

u 

1.7 
1.0 

5.7 

11 

2.7 

8.0 

il 

4.6 

6.2 

tt 

2.6 

10.0 

tt 

6.0 

7 

8.5 

tl 

5.5 

4.0 
5.9 

1.0 
2.9 

6.6 

—3.1 

3.5 

5.9 
5.5 

il 

2.5 
2.1 

7.7 

tt 

4.1 

8.9 

ft 

4.9 

8 

9.4 

t( 

6.4 

8.7 

11 

5.7 

7.5 

tt 

4.4 

6.2 

it 

2.8 

9.1 

tt 

5.5 

8.2 
8.0 

tt 

4.2 
4.0 

9 

10.6 

(( 

7.6 

10.9 

l( 

7.9 

8.R 

tl 

5.7 

8.3 

U 

4.9 

10.1 

tt 

6.5 

7.9 
8.4 

ft 
tt 

3.9 
4.4 

10 

11.4 

It 

8.4 

12.7 

tl 

9.7 

10.3 

tt 

7.2 

10.9 

tt 

7.5 

11.2 

tl 

7.6 

9.7 

tt 

5.7 

11 

13.9 
14.4 

(( 
(( 

10.9  14.4 
11.4114.5 

tl 
11 

11.4 
11.5 

11.7 

tl 

8.6 

13.5 
14.6 

tt 
tl 

10.1 
11.2 

13.0 

tt 

9.4 

11.9 

tl 

7.9 

Noon 

15.0 

(I 

12.0  15.1 

u 

12.1 

13.7 

—3.2 

10.5 

15.5 

—3.5  12.0 

14.7 

—3.7 

11.0 

13.1 

—4.1 

9.0 

14.0 

(( 

11.0 

15.2 

(t 

12.2 

14.5 

(( 

11.3 

14.5 

tt 

11.0 

15.0 

tt 

11.3 

13.5 

*' 

9.4 

1 

13.1 

" 

10.1  15.0 

u 

12.0 

14.8 

(( 

11.6 

13.2 

It 

9.7 

14.4 

" 

10.7 

13.0 

If 

8.9 

• 

14.4 

"       11.2 

9 

10.7 

(( 

7.7  12.4 

(( 

9.4 

14.3 

"       11.1  10.9 

1         1 

" 

7.4 

12.6 

ft 

8.9 

11.3 

It 

7.2 

3 

8.7 

11 

5.7^ 

10.3 

(( 

7.3 

12.4 

t( 

9.2 

9.6 

tt 

6.1 

10.2 

t. 

6.5 

10.2 

—4.2 

6.0 

4 

G.l 

tt 

3.1 

7.3 
6.2 

tl 
tl 

4.3 
3.2 

9.2 

tt 

6.0 

7.1 

ft 

3.6 

8.0 
6.3 

tt 
tt 

4.3 
2.6 

9.8 

tf 

5.6 

n 

4.1 

It 

1.1 

5.2 
5.9 

tl 
It 

2  '* 
2.9 

6.0 

t( 

2.8 

5.3 
5.0 

—3.5 

1.8 
1.5 

5.5 
5.5 

-3.8 

tt 

1.7 
1.7 

9.1 

8.6 

ft 
ft 

4.9 
4.4 

G 

3.2 
3.1 

It 
tt 

0.2 
0.1 

7.7 

t( 

4.7 

5.5 
5.3 

It 

tl 

2.3 
2.1 

5.1 

*'   * 

1.6 

6.2 

tt 

2.4 

8.0 
8.0 

ft 
ft 

3.S 
3.8 

7 

4.6 

tl 

1.6 

9.6 

(( 

6.6 

5.3 

—3.3;  2.0 

7.1 

C( 

3.6 

7.6 

(1 

3.8 

8.0 

—4.3 

3.7 

6.1 

It 

2.8 

8.4 

ft 

4.1 

8 

7.2 

tt 

4.2 

10.8 

n 

7.8 

7.8 

tt 

4.5 

8.6 

(( 

5.1 

8.5 

'• 

4.7 

8.8 

ft 

4.5 

9 

10.7 

It 

7.7 

12.3 

il 

9.3 

10.2 

tl 

6.9 

10.4 

tt 

6.9 

9.5 

'• 

5.7 

10.2 

tt 

5.9 

10 

12.3 

tl 

9.3 

14.0 

" 

11.0 

12.8 

11 

9.5 

13.4 

tt 

9.9 

11.3 

" 

7.5 

11.3 

li 

7.1' 

11 

14.2 

tl 

11.2 

15.7 

? 

--- 

14.8 

tl 

11.5 

15.3 
16.2 

t( 

11.8 
12.7 

13.9 

—3.9 

10.0 

12.7 

ft 

8.4 

Midn't 

14.3 

il 

11.3 

16.7 

tc 



15.5 

—3.3 

12.2 

16.4 

tt 

12.9 

15.4 

tt 

11.5 

14.1 

—4.4 

9.7 

- 

FhUi.     I 

'eet.     Iiu'h. 

April 

26.  Souiidi 

ng  at  noon     7 

3        0        Coire 

ctious  deduced  from  the  curves. 

K         ' 

n. 

7 

3        2 

It                           u                     tt 

tl 

28-30.  No 

sounding. 

May 

1.  Sound  il 

ig  at  noon      7 

4        0 

RECORD   AND    REDUCTION    OF  THE    TIDES. 


29 


Series  III. 

— Tidal  Observations  from  April  20  to  August  3,  1854. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0,  expressed  in  units  | 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate 

rise  of  water.                                     1 

May,  1854. 

Mean 

2d. 

Ked. 

Ref. 

Sd. 

Red. 

Ref. 

4th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

7th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

8th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

9th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to 

ob.s^. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

10.2    —4.2 

6.0 

10.5 

—4.8 

5.7 

1 

15.1 

—4.4 

10.7 

13.2 

(C 

8.5 

13.6 

—5.2 

8.4 

10.2'      " 

6.0 

10.0 

5.2 

10.7 

-5.5 

5.2 

10.5 

It 

6.3 

11.5 

6.7 

10.0 

tt 

4.5 

2 

10.7 

10.8 

il 
11 

12.3 
12.4 

14.0 

(( 

9.3 

14.0 

—5.3 

8.7 

10.8 

tt 

6.6 

11.5 

-4.9 

6.6 

10.0 
10.5 

—5.6 

4.4 
4.9 

3 

1(!.5 

11 

12.1 

14.2 
14.3 

il 

9.5 
9.6 

14.8 

—5.4 

9.4 

11.3 

It 

7.1 

11.8 

6.9 

11.3 

(( 

5.7 

4 

14.2 

—4.5 

9.7 

14.3 
14.2 

9.6 
9.5 

10.1 

—5.6 

10.5 

11.8 

tt 

7.6 

12.4 

7.5 

12.6 

-5.7 

6.9 

5 

12.5 

(( 

8.0 

14.1 

li 

9.4 

10.2 

-5.8 

10.4 

12.4 

tt 

8.2 

13.0 

8.1 

14.3 

tt 

8.0 

6 

11.0 

u 

6.5 

13.1 

tl 

8,4 

16.2 
15.7 

—6.0 
—6.1 

10.2 
9.6 

13.2 

—4.3 

8.9 

14.1 

—5.0 

9.1 

15.6 

It 

9.9 

7 

S.4 

(( 

3.9 

12.0 

li 

7.3 

15.3 

—0.3 

9.0 

13.2 

(( 

S.9 

16.2 

11 

11.2 

16.4 
16.9 

—5.8 
(t 

10.6 
11.1 

8 

ij.7 

tl 

2.2 

10.9 

It 

6.2 

13.0 

It 

8.7 

16.0        " 

11.0 

17.2 

—5.9    11.3 

(;.4 

It 

1.9 

10.2 

tl 

5.5 

16.5 1      " 

11.5 

17.2 

"       11.3 

9 

ii.4 

—4.6 

1.8 

10.0 

11 

5.3 

12.2 

tl 

7.9 

16.5    —5.1 

11.4 

17.2 

—6.0   11.2 

10.3 

tl 

5.6 

16.3        ■' 

11.2 

16.6 

(( 

10.6 

10 

7.4 

U 

2.8 

10.5 

tl 

5.8 

11.0 

ti 

6.7 

16.0        " 

10.9 

16.0 

—6.1 

9.9 

10.8 

11 

6.1 

11 

9.5 

(( 

4.9 

11.0 

It 

6.3 

10.2 

li 

5.9 

15.1 

(( 

10.0 

14.9 

-6.2 

8.7 

Noon 

11.3 

—4.7 

6.6 

11.4 

4.7 

6.7 

9.0 

—4.4 

4.6 

14.1 

—5.2 

8.9 

13.8 

-6.3 

7.5 

1 

13.1 

(( 

8.4 

12.8 
13.4 

li 

8.1 

8.7 

8.1 
8.0 

11 

3.7 
3.6 

13.0 

tl 

7.S 

? 

tt 

... 

2 

14.9 

li 

10.2 

13.8 

It 

9.1 

a 

8.0 

ti 

3.6 

10.6 

(( 

5.7 

11.2 

It 

4.9 

15.0 

tl 

10.3 

13.8 

it 

9.1 

9 

8.0 

11 

3.6 

3 

14.5 

(( 

9.8 

13.8 
13.8 

It 
it 

9.1 

9.1 

1 

8.4 

It 

4.0 

9.0 

8.4 

—5.3 

(t 

3.7 
3.1 

10.0 
9.3 

—6.2 
tt 

3.8 
3.1 

4 

13.6 

li 

8.9 

13.8 

it 

9.1 

bo 

9.0 

—4.5 

4.5 

8.0 

tl 

2.7 

8.0 

tt 

1.8 

13.1 

11 

8.4 

a 

8.7 

It 

3.4 

8.0 

tt 

1.8 

5 

12.(1 

(( 

7.9 

12.7 

11 

8.0 

'■5 

9.S 

(( 

5.3 

9.0 

-5.4 

3.6 

8.9 

tt 

2.7 

6 

10.1 

tl 

5.4 

12.1 

—4.8 

7.3 

« 

10.3 

(( 

5.8 

10.2 

" 

4.8 

11.2 

—6.1 

5.1 

7 

9.5 

It 

4.8 

11.8 

11 

7.0 

11.0 

—4.6 

6.4 

11.6 

11 

6.2 

13.0 

" 

6.9 

8 

9.0 
9.0 

It 

4.3 
4.3 

11.6 
11.6 

—4.9 

6.7 
6.7 

11.3 

(C 

6.7 

12.3 

tl 

6.9 

14.2 

(( 

8.1 

9 

9.0 

11 

4.3 

11.4 

11 

6.5 

12.0 

cc 

7.4 

12.9 

It 

7.5 

15.5 

« 

9.4 

9.1 

11 

4.4 

11.6 

It 

6.7 

12.5 

11 

7.9 

1.3.3 1      « 

7.9 

10 

9.5 

(( 

4.8 

12.0 

—5.0 

7.0 

12.5 
12.5 

—4.7 

7.8 
7.8 

13.5 
13.5 

tt 

tt 

8.1 
8.1 

14.6 

tt 

8.5 

11 

10.1 

It 

5.4 

12.7 

li 

7.7 

12.0 

It 

7.3 

13.3 

tl 

7.9 

14.0 

tt 

7.9 

Midn't 

11.1 

tl 

6.4 

13.3 

—5.1 

8.2 

10.5 

—4.8 

5.7 

12.7   —5.5 

7.2 

13.5 

—6.0 

7.5 

I 

ath.    Feet.     Inch. 

May  2.  g 

onndiii 

g  at  iioou 

7         10        Correction  derived  from  s 

ounding  and  curves. 

"     3. 

(t 

" 

■7               0               jl                            ((                            ('                         (' 

u                      (( 

"     4. 

(( 

(( 

7        1        (1 

"     f). 

(( 

(( 

6         5         0         From  tliis  d.\v  there  is  bi 

it  one  reading  at  each  half  hour. 

"   (J.  ^ 

0  souu 

ling. 

"    7.  s 

ouudiu 

g  at  noon 

6         3         0 

"     8. 

" 

" 

7         2         0 

"     9. 

It 

tl 

7         16        Correction  from  sounding 

and  curves. 

30 


RECORD   AND    REDUCTION   OF   THE    TIDES. 


Series  III. — Tidal  Observations  from  April  2 

0  TO  August  3, 

1854. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of 

mean  level  7.0 

,  expressed  in  units    | 

of  the  scale 

Increasing  numbers  indicate 

rise  of  water. 

May,  1854. 

Mean   10th. 

Red.  iRef. 

11th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

12th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

13th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

14th. 

Red. 

Ref 

15th. 

Red. 

Ref. 

solar 

to        obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

to 

obs. 

hour. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

level. 

17.0 

tt 

10.8 

20.6 

—6.7 

13  9 

1 

12.5 

—6.0 

6.5 

16.5 

—6.3 

10.2 

17.4 

—6.3 

11.1 

17.3 

—6.5 

10.8 

18.3 

—6.7 

11.6 

20.6 
19.7 

ii 

13.9 
13.0 

2 

9.8 

(( 

3.8 

13.7 

It 

7.4 

16.0       " 

9.7 

16.1 

(( 

9.6 

16.2 

tt 

9.5 

18.8 

li 

12.1 

3 

9.5 

li 

3.5 

11.5 

It 

6.2 

13.7       " 

7.4 

15.3 

{( 

8.8 

12.3 

tt 

5.6 

17.6 

11 

10.9 

4 

8.3 
8.2 

(C 
(( 

2.3 

2.2 

9.6 

8.2 

tt 

3.3 

1.9 

10.8       " 

4.5 

14.0 

tt 

7.5 

9.9 

It 

3.2 

16.5 

it 

9.8 

5 

8.0 
8.0 

2.0 
2.0 

8.3 

<t 

2.0 

8.4 
7.3 

2.1 
1.0 









15.4 

it 

8.7 

G 

8.0 

8.5 

—0.1 

2.0 
2.4 

9.5 

tc 

3.2 

7.3 
9.2 

1.0 

2.9 









10.4 

li 

3.7 

7 

y.2 

(( 

3.1 

11.8 

tt 

5.5 

10.4 

(C 

4.1 







-  .  - 

9.0 

8.4 

it 
il 

2.3 
1.7 

8 

11.7 

<( 

5.6 

15.4 

tc 

9.1 

12.3 

t( 

6.0 

... 

--- 



... 

9.0 

it 

2.3 

9 

12.5 

(( 

6.4 

15.0 

tt 

8.7 

14.2 

« 

7.9 

1G.5 

—6.6 

9.9 

12.3 

tt 

5.6 

10.4 

il 

3.7 

10 

14.4 

15.0 

11 

8.3 

8.9 

16.0 
16.8 

tt 
It 

9.7 
10.5 

15.4 

ti 

9.1 

18.4 
19.0 

il 
ti 

11.8 
12.4 

13.5 

ft 

6.8 

12.6 

it 

5.9 

11 

15.0 

li 

8.9 

16.8 

It 

10.5 

16.0 

11 

9.7 

19.0 

il 

12.4 

15.2 

tt 

8.5 

14.5 

it 

7.8 

14.2 

11 

8.1 

16.8 

It 

10.5 

16.5 

tt 

10.2 

18.4 

it 

11. S 

17.8 

(( 

11.1 

Noon 

13.4 

—6.2 

7.2 

16.0 

—6.3 

9.7 

17.2 
16.9 

—6.2 

11.0 
10.7 

18.0 

—G.I 

11.3 

18.0 
17.4 

11.3 
10.7 

16.6 

il 

9.9 

1 

12.3 

i( 

6.1 

14.6 

{1 

8.3 

16.4 

(( 

10.0 

16.4 

ii 

9.7 

16.6 

(t 

9.9 

18.9 
19.0 

a 
It 

12.2 
12.3 

2 

10.3        " 

4.1 

13.0 

u 

C.7 

13.4 

(( 

7.2 

14.4 

il 

7.7 

14.7 

It 

8.0 

19.0 

(C 

12.3 

9.7 

(( 

3.5 

18.1 

(1 

11.4 

3 

8.4 
8.4 

tt 

2.2 
2.2 

12.1 

u 

5.8 

9.0 

8.3 

2.8 
2.1 

12.0 

il 

5.3 

12.5 

tt 

5.8 

17.3 

(( 

10.6 

4 

8.4 

y.2 

tt 
It 

2.2 
3.0 

9.7 
8.6 

(C 
(C 

3.4 
2.3 

7.2 

—6.3 

0.9 

9.8 
8.9 

ii 
li 

3.1 
2.2 

lO.G 

tt 

3.9 

15.5 

ti 

8.8 

5 

10.3 

It 

4.1 

7.6 

(1 

1.3 

7.2 

(( 

0.9 

8.0 

ii 

1.3 

9.0 

tt 

2.3 

12  3 

a 

5.6 

9.2 

tt 

2.9 

8.1 

1.8 

8.0 

11 

1.3 

8.2 

tt 

1.5 

G 

11.0 

(t 

4.8 

10.3 

t( 

4.0 

9.5 

11 

3.2 

9.3 

11 

2.6 

7.5 

7.5 

(t 
tt 

0.8 
0.8 

10.3 

11 

3.6 

7 

12.7 

tt 

6.5 

12.4 

tt 

6.1 

10.7 

tl 

4.4 

11.1 

li 

4.4 

8.0 

tt 

1.3 

7.9 
7.5 

11 

1.2 
0.8 

8 

14.5 

tt 

8.3 

15.0 

It 

8.7 

13.7 

—6.4 

7.3 

12.9 

il 

6.2 

10.2 

tc 

3.5 

7.2 
7.2 

li 

0.5 
0.5 

9 

15.4 1      " 

9.2 

17.4 

It 

11.1 

15.5 

li 

8.1 

14.5 

il 

7.8 

11.8 

tt 

5.1 

9.3 

11 

2.6 

10 

1G.2!      " 

10.0 

19.5 

tt 

13.2 

18.2 

a 

11.8 

17.4 

11 

10.7 

14.7 

tl 

8.0 

12.1 

—6.8 

5.3 

20.0 

tt 

13.7 

11 

17.1 

17.8 

tt 
tt 

10.9 
11.6 

20.0 
19.6 

tt 

13.7 
13.3 

19.5 

11 

13.1 

20.3 
20.1 

11 
11 

13.G 
13.4 

18.2 

tt 

11.5 

16.5 

—6.9 

9.6 

Midn't 

18.0 

It 

11.8 

18.8 

tt 

12.5 

19.5 

ii 

13.1 

20.1 

i( 

13.4 

20.2 

tt 

13.5 

19.0 

—7.0 

12.0 

May  H)  and  1].   No  .sounding. 

"     12.  Sounding  at  noon  8  f 

ithoms  (last  sounding  rocor 

led). 

Correction 

hy  son 

iding  and 

curves. 

RECORD    AND    REDUCTION   OF   THE    TIDES. 


31 


Series  III.- 

-Tidal  Observations  from  April  20  to  August  3,  1854. 

Ilourly  observations  on  tb 

c  pnlley-frauge.     Aflopted  rcac 

ing  0 

f  mean  level  t.O,  expressed  in 

units 

of  the  .scale.     Increasing 

numbers  ii 

tlicate  rise  of  vv 

ater. 

May,  1854. 

Mean 

16th. 

Ref. 

17th. 

Ref. 

18th. 

Ref. 

19th. 

Ref. 

20th. 

Ref. 

21st. 

Ref. 

22d. 

Ref 

23d. 

Ref 

24th. 

Ref. 

solar 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

hour. 

Ifl.l! 

12.4 

12.0 

5.2 

10.3 

3.4 

1 

19.6 
19.0 

12.4 
11.8 

18.0 

10.8 

17.6 

10.4 

14.0 

6.9 

12.3 

5.5 

12.0 
11.6 

5.2 

4.8 

10.3 
10.3 

3.4 
3.4 

13.0 

5.6 

16.2 

7.5 

2 

18.5 

11.3 

19.4 

11.2 

19.0 

11. S 

15.0 

7.9 

13.2 

6.4 

11.2 

4.4 

10.3 

3.4 

12.2 

4.8 

15.1 

6.3 

20.0 

12.8 

19.7 

12.5 

11.2 

4.4 

10.3 

3.4 

11.3 

3.8 

3 

17.0     9.8 

20.0 

12.8 

19.7 

12.5 

16.4 

9.3 

14.1 

7.3 

12.5 

5.7 

10.8 

3.9 

11.0 

3.5 

14.2 

5.4 

18.9 

11.7 

19.7 

12.5 

11.5 

4.0 

13.8 

4.9 

■1 

16.0 

8.8 

18.0 

10.8 

19.7 
19.7 

12.5 
12.5 

17.7 

18.8 

10.6 
11.7 

15.2 

8.5 

14.2 

7.4 

11.5 

4.6 

12.0 

4.4 

13.0 
13.0 

4.1 
4.0 

fl 

U.4 

7.2 

16.2 

9.0 

19.7 

18.6 

12.5 
11.4 

18.8 
18.8 

11.7 
11.7 

15.5 

8.8 

15.6 

8.8 

13.8 

5.9 

13.7 

6.1 

13.0 
13.5 

4.0 
4.5 

6 

12.5 

5.3 

14.3 

7.1 

17.8 

10.6 

18.8 
18.0 

11.7 
11.0 

15.5 
16.5 

8.8 
9.8 

16.8 
17.4 

10.0 
10.6 

15.2 
16.5 

8.2 
9.5 

15.2 

7.5 

14.2 

5.1 

7 

10.0 

2.8 

12.6 

5.4 

15.8 

8.6 

17.4 

10.4 

16.5 

9.8 

17.9 

11.1 

17.6 

10.6 

17.2 

9.5 

16.6 

7.5 

9.5 

2.3 

16.5 

9.8 

17.9 

11.1 

17.6 

10.6 

18.2 

10.4 

17.8 

S.f) 

8 

9.0 

1.8 

11.3 

4.1 

14.3 

7.1 

16.0 

9.0 

16.5 

9.8 

17.9 

11.1 

17.6 

10.6 

19.1 

11.3 

18.6 

9.4 

9.7 

2.5 

10.2 

3.0 

15.8 

9.1 

17.6 

10.8 

17.6 

10.6 

19.1 

11.2 

18.1 

9.9 

9 

10.0 

2.8 

9.0 
10.2 

1.8 
3.0 

13.0 

5.8 

14.4 

7.4 

14.9 

8.2 

17.0 

10.2 

17.0 

10.6 

18.7 

10.8 

17.8 

8.5 

10 

10.9 

3.7 

11.1 

3.9 

10.0 

2.8 

12.4 

5.4 

13.6 

6.9 

15.7 

8.9 

16.5 

9.5 

17.5 

9.5 

16.7 

7.4 

9.0 

1.8 

n 

12.4     ,^..2 

13.4 

6.2 

9.0 

1.8 

11.7 

4.7 

12.8 

6.1 

14.6 

7.8 

15.1 

8.1 

16.0 

8.0 

15.1 

5.8 

10.3 

3.1 

10.6  j  3.6 

Noon 

14.3'   7.1 

1 

14.6 

7.4 

11.6 

4.4 

10.0     3.0 
10.5     3.5 

12.1 

5.4 

12.8 

6.0 

13.7 

6.7 

15.3 

7.3 

14.5 

5.2 

1 

16.2     9.0 
17.0     9.8 

15.9 

8.7 

14.0 

6.8 

10.8     3.8 

1 

11.5 

4.8 

11.2 

10.8 

4:4 

4.0 

12.0 

5.0 

14.2 

6.2 

13.8 

4.5 

2 

17.6  10.4 

17.6 

10.4 

15.2 

8.0 

11.8 

4.8 

11.0 

4.3 

10.5 

3.7 

11.0 

4.0 

13.0 

5.0 

13.1 

3.8 

17.6  ilO.4 

17.8 

10.6 

10.5 

3.8 

10.5 

3.7 

10.4 

3.4 

3 

17.6 

10.4 

17.8 

10.6 

16.3 

9.1 

12.8 

5.8 

10.5 

3.8 

10.5 

3.7 

9.5 

2.5 

12.0 

3.9 

12.1 

2.8 

16.7 

9.5 

16.8 

9.6 

10.5 

3.8 

11.0 

4.2 

9.5 

2.5 

11.5 

3.4 

12.1 

2.8 

4 

16.3 

9.1 

16.0 

8.8 

16.S 
15.8 

8.6 

14.2     7.2 

10.8 

4.1 

11.7 

4.9 

11.0 

4.0 

11.5 
11.5 

3.3 
3.3 

11.3 
11.3 

2.0 
2.0 

f) 

14.4 

7.2 

14.0 

6.8 

15.6 

8.4 

15.7'  8.7 
16.5  1  9.5 

12.7 

6.0 

12.6 

5.8 

11.7 

4.7 

12.4 

4.0 

12.5 

3.2 

U 

12.0 
10.8 

4.8 
3.6 

12.8 

5.6 

14.0 

6.8 

17.2  10.2 
17.2  10.2 

14.3 

7.6 

13.7 

6.9 

13.1 

6.1 

14.0 

5.6 

14.2 

4.9 

7 

9.5 
9.5 

2.3 
2.3 

10.6 
10.0 

3.4 

2.8 

13.3 

6.1 

16.5 

9.5 

14.9 
15.2 

8.2 
8.5 

14.5 
15.0 

7.7 
8.2 

14.1 

7.0 

15.5 

7.0 

16.5 

7.3 

8 

9.8  1  2.6 

9.2 

2.0 

12.4 

5.2 

15.7 

8.7 

15.4 

8.7 

15.4 

8.6 

16.4 

9.3 

16.6 

8.1 

18.4 

9.2 

9.2 

2.0 

12.0 

4.9 

15.4 

8.7 

15.4 

8.6 

16.5 

9.3 

0 

11.7     4.5 

10.4 

3.2 

11.3 

4.2 

15.0 

8.1 

15.4 

8.7 

15.4 

8.6 

16.5 

9.3 

18.3 

9.7 

19.4 

10.2 

11.3 

4.2 

14.6 

7.9 

15.2 

8.4 

16.5 

9.3 

19.4 

lO.s 

10 

13.5     6.3 

12.0 

4.8 

11.5 
11.8 

4.4 
4.7 

14.0 

7.1 

14.2 

7.4 

14.7 

7.9 

16.5 
16.5 

9.3 
,  9.2 

20.0 
20.0 

11.4 
11.4 

20.1 

10.9 

11 

15.3     8.1 

13.6 

6.4 

12.4 

5.3 

13.0 

6.1 

13.3 

6.5 

14.0 

7.2 

16.3 

9.0 

19.2 

10.6 

21.4 

12.2 

32.1 

12!9 

Midn't 

16.7 

9.5 

14.8 

7.6 

12.8 

5.7 

12.5 

6.7 

12.4 

5.6 

12.6 

5.8 

15.0 

7.7 

18.0 

9.3 

22.1 

12.9 

From  about  th 

e  middle  of 

May 

to  the  end  of  the 

series  the  c 

orrect 

ions  cliang 

=:  very  little  from 

d.ny 

o  d.iy, 

and  are  given  bel 

ow: — 

May  ] 

L6.    Correcti 

on  — 

7.2 

May  21.  C 

orrectiou  — 6.8 

"     ] 

7. 

— 

7.2 

"     22, 

—7.0 

"     ] 

8.            " 

— 

7.2 

"     23. 

—8.0 

"     ] 

9.            " 

— 

7.0 

"    24. 

—9.3 

'M. 

6.7 

• 

32 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OF   THE    TIDES. 


Series  III.— Tid 

AL  Observations  from  April  20  to  August  3,  1854. 

Hou 

•ly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  t.O,  expressed  in 

units 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numl 

ers  indicate  rise  of  water. 

May,  1854. 

June,  1854. 

Mean 

25th.    Ref. 

1 
26th.    Ref. 

27th. 

Ref. 

28th. 

Ref. 

29th. 

Ref. 

30th. 

Ref. 

31st. 

Ref. 

1st. 

Ref. 

2d. 

Ref. 

solar 

i  ubs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

hour. 

1 

12.5 

19. S  ;10.6 

17.4  1   8.5 

21.2 

19.0 

10.7 

19.0 

11.5 

1 

19.0 

9.8 

16.6 

7.7 

21.2 
19.6 

12.5 
10.9 

19.0 
18.6 

10.7 
10.4 

18.4 

10.8 

19.5 

18.6 

12.0 
11.1 

16.4 

8.9 

18.2 
18.4 

10.7 
10.9 

15.4 

8.0 

2 

17.0 

7.9 

14.3 

5.4 

18.7 

10.1 

17.3 

9.1 

16.4 

8.8 

18.1 

10.6 

17.9 

18.5 

10.4 
11.0 

18.5 
18.5 

11.0 
11.0 

16.1 

8.7 

3 

14.5 

5.4 

12.41  3.6 
11.8     3.0 

16.0 

7.4 

15.5 

7.4 

14.3 

6.7 

17.2 

9.5 

19.0 
19.0 

11.5 
11.5 

18.2 

10.7 

17.0 
17.2 

9.6 

9.8 

4 

12.0 

2.9 

11.5,  2.7 

14.7 

6.1 

12.4 

4.3 

12.1 

4.5 

16.1 

8.6 

18.2 

10.7 

17.8 

10.3 

17.2 

9.8 

11.0 

2.0 

11.5 

2.7 

17.2 

9.8 

5 

11.0 

2.0 

11.5 

2.7 

12.5 

3.9 

10.8 

2.8 

10.0 

2.5 

14.3 

6.8 

17.2 

9.7 

16.2 

8.7 

17.0 

9.7 

11.0 

2.0 

11.5 

2.7 

11.2 

2.6 

10.0 

2.0 

9.0 

1.5 

(; 

11. .5 

2.5 

11.5 
11.8 

2.7 
3.0 

11.0 
11.0 

2.4 
2.4 

9.5 
9.5 

1.6 
1.6 

9.0 
9.0 

1.5 
1.5 

12.4 

4.9 

14.9 

7.4 

14.3 

6.8 

15.6 

8.3 

t 

13.5 

4.5 

12.5 

3.7 

12.4 

3.8 

9.5 
9.5 

1.6 
1.6 

9.0 
9.0 

1.5 

1.5 

10.2 

10.0 

2.7 

2.5 

12.9 

5.4 

13.4 

5.9 

14.2 

6.9 

8 

15.1 

C.l 

14.3 

5.5 

14.1 

5.5 

10.1 

2.3 

9.0 
9.0 

1.5 

1.5 

10.0 
10.0 

2.5 
2.5 

12.0 
11.2 

4.5 
3.7 

12.6 
12.0 

5.1 
4.5 

12.8 

5.5 

9 

17.4 

8.4 

15.2 

6.4 

15.2 

6.7 

11.7 

3.9 

10.2 

2.7 

10.0 

2.5 

10.0 

2.5 

11.5 

4.0 

12.0 

4.7 

18.2 

9.2 

11.3 

3.8 

10.0 

2.5 

11.5 

4.0 

11.3 

4.0 

111 

19.0  'lO.O 
19.0  in.o 

16.3 

7.5 

17.3 
18.2 

8.8 
9.7 

13.0 

5.2 

12.4 

4.9 

12.4 

4.9 

10.5 

3.0 

11.5 
11.5 

4.0 
4.0 

11.0 
11.0 

3.7 
3.7 

11 

18.4     9.4 

17.2 

8.4 

18.2 
18.0 

9.7 
9.5 

14.7 
15.4 

6.9 
7.6 

14.4 

6.9 

13.8 

6.3 

12.6 

5.1 

12.0 

4.5 

11.0 
11.5 

3.7 
4.2 

Noon 

16.0    7.0 

18.4 

18.5 

9.6 

9.7 

17.5 

9.0 

16.5 
15.7 

8.7 
7.9 

15.5 
16.0 

8.0 
8.5 

14.9 

7.4 

13.7 

6.2 

13.0 

5.5 

11.8 

4.5 

1 

15.0     6.0 

18.5 

9.7 

16.6 

8.1 

15.1, 

7.3 

16.0 

8.5 

15.3 

7.8 

14.8 

7.3 

14.5 

7.0 

12.4 

5.1 

17.7 

8.9 

15.6 

S.l 

16.0 

8.5 

15.4 

7.9 

2 

14.0 

5.0 

17.1 

8.3 

14.2 

5.7 

13.5 

5.7 

15.1 

7.6 

16.0 
16.0 

8.5 
8.5 

16.0 
16.0 

8.5 
8.5 

14.6 

7.1 

12.8 

5.5 

3 

13.2 

4.2 

16.0 

7.2 

12.3 

3.8 

11.7 

3.9 

14.2 

6.7 

16.0 

8.5 

16.0 

8.5 

15.0 

7.5 

13.5 

6.2 

9.6 

1.1 

10.8 

3.1 

15.2 

7.7 

15.4 

7.9 

15.5 

8.0 

4 

12.0 

3.0 

14.8 

6.0 

9.0 

0.5 

10.0 

2.3 

12.3 

4.8 

14.2 

6.7 

15.0 

7.5 

15.5 

8.0 

14.4 

7.2 

11.4 

2.4 

9.0 

0.5 

10.0 

2.3 

15.5 

8.0 

15.0 

7.8 

r. 

11.0     2.(1 

13.G 

4.8 

9.5 

1.0 

10.0 

2.3 

11.6 

4.1 

12.8 

5.3 

13.5 

6.0 

15.5 

8.0 

15.0 

7.8 

11.0     2.0 

13.0  i  4.2 

10.0 

2.3 

11.2 

3.7 

15.2 

7.7 

14.3 

7.1 

() 

11.0     2.0 

12.2 

3.4 

10.0 

1.5 

11.3 

3.6 

10.2 

2.7 

10.0 

2.5 

12.7 

5.2 

15.0 

7.6 

14.0 

6.8 

12.1  1  3.1 

12.2 

3.4 

9.5 

2.0 

10.0 

2.5 

7 

13.3 

4.3 

12.2 
12.6 

3.4 

3.9 

10.4 

1.9 

12.3 

4.6 

9.1 
9.1 

1.6 
1.6 

10.0 
10.0 

2.5 
2.5 

11.7 
11.5 

4.2 
4.0 

14.2 

6.8 

13.4 

6.2 

s 

15.7 

6.8 

13.2 

4.5 

12.0 

3.6 

14.2 

G.5 

9.1 

10.2 

1.6 

2.7 

11.0 

3.5 

11.0 
11.0 

3.5 
3.5 

13.0 

5.6 

12.8 

5.6 

9 

17.4 

8.5 

15.3 

6.6 

14.2 

5.8 

15.0 

7.3 

11.3 

3.8 

13.0 

5.5 

11.0 
11.5 

3.5 
4.0 

12.0 
11.4 

4.6 
4.0 

12.4 
12.0 

5.2 
4.8 

10 

19.5 
19.7 

10.6 
10.8 

17.6 

8.9 

16.4 

8.0 

16.1 

8.4 

13.7 

6.2 

14.4 

6.9 

12.0 

4.5 

11.0 
11.5 

3.6 
4.1 

12.0 
12.0 

4.8 
4.8 

11 

19.7 

10.8 

19.4 

20.1 

10.7 
11.4 

18.1 

18.7 

9.8 
10.4 

17.4 
18.0 

9.7 
10.3 

16.2 

8.7 

15.1 

7.6 

14.2 

6.7 

12.2 

4.8 

12.0 
12.3 

4.8 
5.1 

Midn't 

19.7 

10.8 

20.1 

...4 

19.0 

10.7 

18.6 

10.9 

17.4 

9.9 

16.2 

8.7 

15.8 

" 

11.3     6.9 
1 

12.7 

5.5; 

May  25.   rorrefttion  — '. 

).0 

iMay  30.    C( 

irre<:tion  — 7.5 

"     26.             "          —i 

i.8 

"     31. 

—7.5 

"     27.            "         —i 

.5 

.UlTlU     1. 

—7.5 

"     28.            "         — ' 

r.8 

*'       2. 

—7.3 

"     29.            "         — ' 

r.5 

RECORD    AND    REDUCTION    OF    TJIE   TIDES. 


33 


Series  III Tidal  Observations  from  April  20  to  August  3,  1854. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0,  c.\ 

prcs.sed  in 

units 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 

June,  1854. 

Mean 

3d. 

Ref. 

4th.  !  Ref. 

5th. 

Ref. 

6th. 

Ref. 

7th. 

Eef. 

8th. 

Ref. 

9th. 

Ref. 

10th. 

Ref. 

nth. 

Ref. 

solar 

obs. 

,  obs . 

obs. 

obs. 

. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

hour. 

18.0 

9.5 

1 

14.2 

7.1 

13.0 

6.3 

12.4 

G.O 

12.5 
12.5 

6.1 
6.1 

12-3 

5.6 

12.8 

5.5 

— 



10.4 

8.2 

19.0 
19.9 

10.5 
11.4 

2 

15.8 

8.7 

14.0 

7.4 

12.8 

6.4 

12.5 
12.9 

6.1 
6.5 

12.5 

5.8 

11.8 
11.4 

4.4 

4.0 

— 



14.9 

G.7 

18.0 

9.5 

3 

16.4 

9.3 

15.2 

8.6 

13.8 

7.4 

13.6 

7.2 

12.0 

5.3 

11.4 

4.0 

... 

... 

12.1 

3.9 

15.2 

6.7 

4 

16.6 

9.6 

16.0 

9.4 

15.2 

8.8 

14.2 

7.8 

11.0 

4.3 

14.5 

7.0 

... 

... 

12.0 

3.7 

13.2 

4.6 

5 



... 

... 

... 

15.4 

9.0 

14.8 

8.4 

15.6 

8.8 

14.7 

7.4 

... 

... 

10.4 

2.1 

10.4 

1.8 

« 

-.. 

... 

--- 

... 

15.8 

9.4 

15.0 

8.6 

16.0 

9.2 

15.0 

7.7 

... 

... 

10.9 

2.6 

10.4 

1.8 

7 

--- 

... 

... 

... 

16.0 

9.6 

15.6 

9.2 

17.0 

? 

15.6 

8.2 

... 

11.5 

3.2 

10.4 

1.8 

S 

-.. 

... 

... 

... 

16.1 

9.7 

16.0 

9.6 

15.5 

8.7 

16.8 

9.3 

... 

... 

11.1 

? 

13.2 

4.6 

9 

11.5 

4.5 

... 

... 

14.1 

7.7 

16.5 
15.5 

10.1 
9.1 

17.1 
16.8 

10.2 
9.9 

16.6 

9.1 

... 

... 

... 

... 

10.0 

7.4 

10 

12.0 

5.0 

— 

— 

12.2 

5.8 

14.8 

8.4 

15.5 

8.5 

16.2 

8.6 

16.0 

8.0 

20.0 
19.2 

11.7 
10.9 

18.0 

9.4 

11 

12.5 

5.5 

... 

... 

11.5 
11.3 

5.1 

4.9 

14.5 

8.1 

14.5 

7.5 

13.4 

5.8 

13.9 

5.9 

18.0 

9.7 

18.0 

9.4 

Noou 

13.0 

0.0 

— 

— 

11.1 
11.1 

4.7 
4.7 

13.3 

6.9 

12.9 

5.9 

12.5 

4.9 

12.6 

4.6 

17.6 

9.3 

17.2 

8.6 

1 

13.5 

6.5 

... 

... 

11.1 
11.2 

4.7 

4.8 

11.6 
10.8 

5.2 

4.4 

11.9 

4.9 

11.8 
10.4 

4.2 
2.7 

12.0 
10.3 

4.0 
2.3 

16.4 

8.1 

16.8 

8.2 

2 

14.0 

7.0 

11.4 

5.0 

11.2 

4.8 

10.5 
10.5 

4.0 
4.0 

11.4 
10.5 

4.4 
3.5 

9.5 

1.8 

11.0 

3.0 

14.7 

6.4 

16.0 

7.4 

3 

14.5 
l.-i-O 

7.6 
8.1 

12.4 

6.0 

11.4 

5.0 

10.5 
10.9 

4.0 
4.4 

10.5 
11.5 

3.4 
4.4 

9.5 

9.8 

1.8 
2.1 

9.4 

1.4 

13.2 

4.9 

15.0 

6.4 

4 

15.0 
15.0 

8.1 

8.1 

13.6 

7.2 

12.4 

6.0 

11.4 

4.9 

12.6 

6.5 

10.5 

2.8 

10.3 

2.3 

11.7 

3.3 

14.2 

5.6 

5 

14.8 

8.0 

14.4 

8.0 

13.6 

7.2 

13.2 

6.6 

14.0 

6.9 

11.9 

4.1 

11.4 

3.4 

10.2 
9.6 

1.8 
1.2 

12.9 

4.3 

6 

14.6 

7.8 

14.4 

8.0 

14.8 

8.4 

14.8 

8.2 

14.7 

7.5 

13.1 

5.3 

12.6 

4.5 

9.0 

0.6 

12.0 

10.6 

3.4 
2.0 

7 

14.0 

7.2 

15.0 

8.6 

14.4 

8.0 

16.2 

9.6 

17.0 

9.8 

14.0 

6.2 

16.4 

8.3 

12.0 

3.6 

11.5 

2.8 

8 

13.4 

6.6 

15.0 

8.6 

15.2 

8.8 

17.0 

10.4 

18.0 

10.8 

16.2 

8.4 

19.5 

11.4 

15.4 

7.0 

13.6 

4.9 

9 

13.0 

12.0 

6.2 

5.2 

14.0 

7.6 

15.6 

9.2 

16.6  10.0 

18.4 

11.1 

18.6 

10.8 

21.0 

12.9 

... 

... 

16.2 

7.5 

10 

12.0 
12.0 

5.2 
5.2 

13.0 

6.6 

14.6 

8.2 

16.2    9.6 

18.0 

10.7 

19.4 

11.6 

20.6 

12.5 

— 

— 

19.2 

10.5 

11 

12.3 

5.6 

12.5 

6.1 

13.2 

6.8 

16.2  '  9.6 

17.2 

9.9 

19.0 

11.2 

20.0 

11.9 

... 

... 

20.2 

11.5 

Midu't 

13.0 

6.3 

12.0     5.6 

12.6 

6.2 

15.2 

8.6 

14.0 

6.7 

18.0 

10.2 

... 

... 

... 

... 

21.4 

12.6 

Jane  3.  Correction — 7.0                           June  4.  Correction —6.4 

June  5.  Co 

rrection  — 6 

.4 

"     6.           "          —6.4                               "     7.           "          —7.0 

"    8. 

"          —7 

.6 

"     9.           "          —8.0        Tlie  record  on  this  day  is  defective. 

"  10.          "          — 8.3         Readings  between  the  full  hours  are  less  freq 

uent  tlian  before, 

and  are  gen 

erally 

"  11.           "          —8.6 

given  only  near  ', 

ligh  or  low 

water. 

34 


RECORD    AND   REDUCTION   OF   THE    TIDES. 


Series  III.- 

—Tidal  Observations  from  April  20  to  August  3,  1854. 

Honrly  observations  on  the  pu 

ley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  1.0,  expressed  in 

units 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 

June,  1854. 

Mean 

12th.    Ref. 

13th. 

Kef. 

14th. 

Kef. 

15th. 

Kef. 

16th. 

Ref. 

17th. 

Ref. 

18th. 

Kef. 

19th. 

Kef. 

20th. 

Ref. 

solar 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

hour. 

21.0 

12.1 

19.2 

10.4 

1 

22.0 
21.5 

13.2 

12.7 

21.0 

12.1 

21.0 
21.0 

12.1 
12.1 

20.1 

11.3 

16.0 

7.3 

17.3 

8.6 

14.4 

6.1 

14.0 

6.2 

1.3.5 
13.0 

5.8 
5.3 

2 

19.S 

11.0 

19.9 

11.0 

21.0 

12.1 

21.1 
21.1 

12.3 
12.3 

17.2 

8.5 

18.6 
19.2 

9.9 
10.5 

15.6 

7.3 

15.1 

7.4 

12.9 
12.9 

5.2 
5.2 

3 

18.5 

9.7 

18.2 

9.3 

20.2 

11.3 

21.1 

20.9 

12.3 
12.1 

19.0 
20.0 

10.3 
11.3 

20.0 

11.4 

17.0 

8.7 

15.9 

8.2 

14.0 

5.3 

4 

15.2 

6.4 

18.0 

9.1 

19.6 

10.7 

20.2 

11.5 

20.4 

11.7 

19.9 

11.3 

18.2 

9.9 

16.2 

8.6 

14.0 

6.2 

5 

12.5 

3.7 

13.2 

4.3 

15.3 

6.4 

16.3 

7.6 

19.0 

10.3 

17.6 

9.0 

18.4 

10.2 

18.0 

10.4 

15.6 

7.8 

6 

10.4 

1.6 

11.6 

2.7 

12.2 

3.3 

14.4 

5.7 

16.8 

8.1 

16.4 

7.8 

18.0 

9.8 

18.1 

10.5 

16.4 

8.6 

7 

10.4 

1.6 

10.0 

1.1 

10.5 

1.6 

11.5 

2.8 

14.3 

5.6 

14.2 

5.6 

17.5 

9.3 

18.0 

10.4 

17.6 

9.8 

8 

13.2 

4.4 

10.0 
9.1 

1.1 

0.2 

10.5 

1.6 

10.8 
10.4 

2.1 
1.7 

12.8 

4.1 

12.4 
11.6 

3.8 
3.0 

17.0 

8.8 

17.8 

10.2 

17.7 

9.9 

9 

15.5 

6.7 

10.0 

1.1 

12.6 

3.7 

10.0 
11.0 

1.3 
2.3 

11.4 
11.2 

2.7 
2.5 

11.4 

2.8 

13.4 

5.3 

15.6 

8.0 

17.6 

9.8 

10 

16.6 

7.8 

12.2 

3.3 

14.0 

5.1 

12.0 

3.3 

11.4 

2.5 

12.2 

3.6 

12.5 

4.4 

15.0 

7.4 

16.5 

8.7 

11 

18.6 
19.2 

9.8 
10.4 

16.4 

7.5 

16.0 

7.1 

14.5 

5.8 

13.0 

4.3 

12.6 

4.0 

11.6 
11.2 

3.6 
3.2 

14.0 

6.4 

14.8 

7.0 

Noon 

17.6 

8.8 

18.4 
19.2 

9.5 
10.3 

17.6 
19.2 

8.7 
10.3 

16.2 
16.5 

7.5 

7.8 

14.6 

5.9 

14.5 

5.9 

11.4 

3.4 

13.0 

5.4 

14.5 

6.7 

1 

15.S 

7.0 

19.2 
19.2 

10.3 
10.3 

19.1 

10.2 

17.2 

17.2 

8.5 
8.5 

15.9 
16.8 

7.2 
8.1 

15.9 

7.3 

12.0 

4.0 

12.0 
11.6 

4.4 
4.0 

14.0 

6.2 

2 

13.8 

5.0 

18.9 

10.0 

19.1 

10.2 

17.2 
16.2 

8.5 
7.5 

17.6 
16.9 

8.9 
8.2 

17.3 
17.9 

8.7 
9.3 

13.3 

5.3 

12.0 

4.4 

13.6 

5.8 

3 

13.0 

4.2 

17.6 

8.7 

17.4 

8.5 

15.5 

6.8 

16.2 

7.5 

17.5 

8.9 

16.6 

8.6 

13.0 

5.4 

13.0 
12.2 

5.2 
4.4 

4 

11.6 

2.8 

16.2 

7.3 

IG.O 

7.1 

15.0 

6.3 

15.5 

6.8 

17.0 

8.4 

16.3 
16.0 

8.3 

8.0 

14.0 

6.4 

12.4 

4.6 

5 

10.3 

9.6 

1.5 

0.8 

14.8 

5.9 

14.2 

5.3 

13.4 

4.7 

14.8 

6.1 

16.6 

8.0 

18.5 
15.0 

10.5 
7.0 

15.0 

7.4 

14.0 

6.1 

6 

9.2 
9.6 

0.4 
0.8 

14.2 

5.3 

13.0 
10.4 

4.1 
1.5 

12.6 

3.9 

14.6 

5.9 

16.1 

7.5 

14.3 

6.3 

16.5 

8.9 

15.0 

7.1 

7 

10.2 

1.4 

14.0 

5.1 

10.4 
10.4 

1.5 
1.5 

11.6 
11.2 

3.9 

2.5 

14.2 

5.5 

15.8 

7.2 

13.2 

5.2 

17.4 
17.6 

9.8 
10.0 

16.7 

8.8 

8 

12.4 

3.6 

10.0 
11.0 

1.1 
2.1 

10.2 
10.6 

1.3 

1.7 

11.0 
11.2 

2.3 

2.5 

12.8 

4.1 

15.2 

6.7 

13.6 

5.6 

17.4 

9.8 

17.8 

9.9 

9 

15.0 

6.2 

12.0 

3.1 

11.0 

2.1 

11.4 

2.7 

12.4 

3.7 

14.2 

5.7 

14.3 

6.3 

16.8 

9.1 

18.4 

10.5 

10 

18.5 

9.7 

15.0 

6.1 

12.4 

3.6 

13.6 

4.9 

13.0 

4.3 

13.4 

4.9 

15.0 

? 

15.5 

7.8 

18.5 

10.5 

11 

21.0 

12.2 

18.0 

9.1 

15.0 

6.2 

15.0 

6.3 

14.0 

5.3 

13.0 

4.6 

14.0 

6.2 

14.5 

6.8 

16.9 

8.9 

Midn't 

... 

20.4 

11.5 

18.0 

9.2 

... 

... 

15.2 

6.5 

13.0 

4.6 

13.4 

5.6 

14.3 

6.6 

15.6 

7.6 

June  12.  Correulion 

—8.8 

The  record  on  this  day  i.s  defective,  the  times  beinc;  uncertain. 

"    13. 

—8.9 

June  14.  Correction  — 8.9 

"     15. 

—8.7 

"     16.          "         —8.7 

"     17. 

—8.6 

"    18.          "         —8.0 

"     19.            " 

—7.6 

"    20.          "         —7.8 

RECORD    AND    REDUCTION    OF   THE    TIDES. 


35 


Seriks  III. — Tidal  Observations  from  April  20  to  August  3,  1854. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0,  e.vpresscd  in 

units 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 

June,  1854. 

Mean 

21st. 

Ref. 

22(1. 

Ref. 

23d. 

Ref. 

24th.  Ref. 

25th.    Ref. 

26th. 

Ref. 

2nh. 

Ref. 

28th. 

Ref. 

29th. 

Ref. 

polar 
Imur. 

otl.'^. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

21.0  10.6 

21.4 

11.4 

1 

14..5 
14.2 

6.5 
6.2 

15.2 

G.6 

16.5 

7.0 

20.5  10.1 

19.0 

8.3 

22.4 
22!4 

12.1 
12.1 

20.2 

10.1 

21.4 

11.4 

21.4 
21.4 

11.4 
11.4 

2 

13.8 

5.8 

13.9 

5.3 

14.7 

5.2 

18.0     7.6 

17.0 

6.3 

20.0 

9.7 

20.2 

10.1 

21.4 

11.4 

21.4 

11.4 

13.8 

5.8 

3 

13.8 
13.8 

5.8 
5.8 

11.5 
13.3 

2.9 
4.7 

13.8 
13.4 

4.3 

3.8 

15.8 
15.0 

5.3 
4.5 

16.0 

5.3 

17.6 

7.3 

18.5 

8.4 

19.1 

9.1 

20.0 

10.0 

4 

14.9 

5.9 

... 

... 

13.2 

3.6 

14.2 

3.6 

14.1 

3.5 

15.0 

4.8 

17.0 

6.9 

16.3 

6.3 

18.0 

8.0 

.'-, 

14.4 

6.3 



... 

14.0 

4.3 

14.2 

3.6 

13.0 

2.4 

12.2 

2.0 

12.0 

1.9 

15.3 

5.3 

16.6 

6.6 

(J 

l.j.7 

7.6 

... 

... 

14.6 

4.9 

15.1 

4.4 

13.4 

2.8 

13.4 

3.2 

12.2 

2.1 

14.4 

4.4 

15.5 

5.5 

7 

16.3 

8.2 

... 

... 

15.0 

5.2 

15.3 

4.6 

14.0 

3.4 

13.8 

3.7 

12.8 

2.7 

13.8 

3.8 

13.9 

3.9 

8 

17.2 
17.2 

9.1 

9.0 

16.7 

7.6 

15.6 

5.8 

15.5 

4.7 

14.5 

3.9 

14.4 

4.3 

13.4 

3.3 

13.2 
13.5 

3.2 
3.5 

13.6 
13.9 

3.6 
3.9 

9 

17.6 
17.2 

9.4 
9.0 

17.6 
19.0 

8.5 
9.9 

18.4 

8.5 

16.4 

5.6 

16.2 

5.6 

16.0 

5.9 

14.6 

4.5 

14.0 

4.0 

14.4 

4.4 

10 

16.2 

8.0 

1S.5 

9.4 

18.4 

8.5 

17.5 

6.7 

17.0 

6.4 

17.2 

7.1 

16.4 

6.3 

15.5 

5.5 

16.2 

6.2 

11 

15.8 

7.6 

17.5 

8.4 

18.1 

8.1 

18.3 

18.5 

7.5 
7.7 

18.1 

18.8 

7.5 

8.2 

18.8 

8.7 

18.0 

7.9 

17.8 

7.8 

18.0 

8.0 

Noon 

14.6 

6.4 

16.5 

7.4 

17.8  i  7.8 

18.9 

8.1 

18.9 

8.3 

19.8 

9.7 

19.4 

9.3 

19.1 

9.1 

18.4 

8.4 

18.9  1   8.1 

19.9 

9.8 

19.2 

9.2 

1 

14.0 

5.8 

16.0 

6.9 

16.0 

6.0 

18.5,  7.7 

18.2 

7.6 

20.0 

9.9 

19.0 

8.9 

19.2 

9.2 

19.0 

9.0 

19.0 

8.9 

19.2 

9.2 

19.1 

9.1 

2 

13.0 
12.4 

4.8 
4.2 

15.4 

6.3 

15.5 

5.5 

15.9 

5.1 

16.5 

5.9 

18.2 

8.1 

17.6 

7.5 

18.6 

8.6 

19.1 

18.8 

9.1 

8.8 

3 

11.2 
11.9 

3.0 
3.7 

14.4 

5.3 

14.0 

3.9 

14.7 

3.9 

15.7 

5.1 

16.4 

6.3 

16.8 

6.7 

17.5 

7.5 

17.5 

7.5 

4 

13.9 

5,6 

13.2 

12.S 

4.1 
3.7 

13.6 
13.5 

3.5 
3.3 

13.9 

3.1 

— 

— 

15.0 

4.9 

16.0 

5.9 

17.2 

7.2 

16.4 

6.4 

5 

14.6 

6.3 

12.5 
13.0 

3.3 

3.8 

13.2 
13.2 

3.0 
2.9 

13.2 
12.8 

2.4 
2.0 

— 

14.0 

3.9 

14.8 

4.7 

16.8 

6.8 

13.4 

3.4 

(i 

16.5 

8.2 

14.6 

5.4 

13.2 
14.2 

2.9 
3.9 

13.5 

2.7 

13.7 

3.2 

13.3 

12.5 

3.2 
2.4 

13.8 

3.8 

15.1 

5.1 

12.1 
12.0 

2.1 
2.0 

7 

18.4 

10.0 

17.2 

7.9 

15.0 

4.7 

15.0 

4.2 

13.6 

3.1 

13.0 

2.9 

13.8 
13.0 

3.8 
3.0 

12.8 
12.5 

2.8 
2.5 

12.6 

2.6 

8 

19.5 

11.1 

18.0 

8.7 

16.0 

5.7 

17.0     6.2 

15.0 

4.5 

15.0 

4.0 

13.2 

3.2 

13.1 

3.1 

13.5 

3.6 

9 

20.0 
.21.5 

11.6 
13.0 

19.0 
19.5 

9.6 
10.1 

19.0 

8.7 

19.0     8.2 

IS.O 

7.5 

19.4 

9.3 

15.0 

5.0 

15.1 

5.1 

15.2 

5.3 

10 

20.5 

12.0 

20.0 
20.0 

10.6 
10.6 

21.0 

10.6 

21.0  10.2 
21.5  I1O.8 

20.2 

9.8 

22.2 

12.1 

17.5 

7.5 

17.2 

7.2 

16.7 

6.8 

11 

IS. 5 

10.0 

19.8 

10.3 

21.4 
21.4 

11.0 
11.0 

22.0  11.3 
21.8  11.1 

21.5 

11.1 

22.4 

12.3 

20.0 

10.0 

19.2 

9.2 

17.8 

8.0 

Mida't 

14.1 

6.6 

19.4 

9.9 

21.4 

11.0 

20.6     9.9 

22.0 

11.6 





21.4 

11.4 

21.3 

11.3 

19.5 

9.7 

June 

• 
21.  Correction  —  8.2                                                  June  22.  Correction  —  9.1 

23.           "          —10.0                                                      "     24.          "          —10.8 

25.           "          —10.6                                                      "     26.           "          —10.1 

27.           "          — 10.1         Some  doubt  about  the  time  record  in  tlie  afternoon. 

28.           "          —10.0 

29.           "          —10.0 

36 


RECORD    AND    REDUCTION    OF   THE   TIDES. 


Series  III. — Tidal  Observations  from  April  20  to  August  3,  1854. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0,  expressed  in 

units 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 

June,  1854. 

July,  1854. 

Mean 

30th.    Ref. 

1st. 

Ref. 

2d. 

Ref. 

3d. 

Ref. 

4th. 

Ref. 

5th. 

Ref. 

6th. 

Ref. 

7th. 

Ref. 

9th. 

Ref. 

solar 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

hour. 

15.7 

6.7 

1 

19.0 

9.2 

18.5 

9.0 

20.6 

11.0 

14.5 

5.9 

16.3 

7.6 

15.2 

6.5 

15.0 
15.0 

6.0 
6.0 

17.0 
17.0 

7.8 
6.8 

15.5 

8.3 

2 

20.8 

11.0 

19.8 

10.3 

21.0 

11.3 

16.3 

7.7 

16.9 

8.2 

15.6 

6.9 

15.0 
15.0 

6.0 
6.0 

15.8 
15.8 

5.6 
5.6 

13.0 

5.8 

3 

21.0 

11.2 

20.7 

11.2 

21.4 

11.7 

17.3 

8.7 

17.4 

8.7 

16.8 

8.1 

15.0 

6.0 

15.8 

5.6 

11.0 

3.9 

22.0  1^.3 

20.9 

11.4 

17.6 

8.9 

15.6 

6.6 

15.8 

5.6 

4 

20.4  10.7 

21.0 

11.5 

21.4 

11.7 

17.8 

9.1 

18.6 

9.9 

17.3 

8.6 

15.6 

6.6 

15.8 

5.6 

9.8 

2.7 

21.0 

11.6 

17.8 

9.1 

16.0 

5.8 

9.5 

2.4 

5 

19.S 

10.1 

21.0 
20.7 

11.6 
11.3 

17.6 

7.8 

17.5 

8.8 

18.6 

10.0 

18.4 

9.7 

17.0 

8.0 

16.4 

6.2 

9.5 
9.5 

2.4 

2.5 

6 

18.0 

8.4 

19.5 

10.1 

15.7 

5.9 

17.0 

8.2 

18.6 
18.8 

10.0 
10.2 

18.6 

18.8 

9.9 
10.0 

17.6 

8.5 

17.2 

7.0 

9.8 

2.8 

7 

17.0 

7.4 

17.1 

7.7 

14.4 

4.G 

16.3 

7.5 

18.8 
18.4 

10.2 
9.8 

18.9  '10.1 

18.4  1   9.6 

18.2 
18.5 

9.1 
9.4 

18.8 
19.0 

8.6 
8.8 

10.5 

3.5 

8 

15.0 
14.0 

5.4 
4.4 

15.7 

6.3 

12.7 

4.5 

15.7 

6.9 

17.6 

9.0 

18.4 

9.6 

18.5 
17.8 

9.4 

8.7 

19.4 
19.1 

9.2 
8.9 

12.4 

5.4 

9 

13.5 
14.  S 

3.9 

5.2 

13.5 
12.2 

4.1 

2.S 

12.0 
11.7 

3.8 
3.5 

14.0 
14.0 

5.2 
5.2 

15.0 

6.4 

18.2 

9.4 

17.0 

7.8 

18.5 

8.3 

13.8 

6.8 

10 

16.1 

6.5 

12.0 

2.6 

11.4 

2.2 

13.6 

4.8 

14.0 

5.4 

17.0 

8.2 

16.2 

7.0 

16.8 

6.6 

15.4 

8.4 

12.5 

3.1 

11.4 

2^2 

13.6 

4.8 

13.6 

5.0 

15.5 

8.5 

11 

18.7 

9.1 

13.0 

3.6 

11.4 

2.2 

13.6 

4.8 

13.0 

4.4 

15.0 

6.2 

15.9 

6.7 

15.5 

5.3 

15.5 

8.5 

18.9 

9.3 

11.4 

2.2 

15.0 

6.2 

13.0 

4.4 

14  9 

7.9 

Noon 

19.0 
19.0 

9.4 
9.4 

15.4 

6.0 

11.9 

3.7 

16.5 

7.7 

13.1 

4.5 

14.0 
13.3 

5.2 
4.5 

14.0 
13.1 

4.8 
3.9 

15.5 

5.3 

14.3 

7.3 

1 

18.8 

9.2 

17.2 

7.8 

12.2 

3.9 

18.3 

? 

1.3.2 

4.6 

13.1 
13.1 

4.3 
4.3 

13.1 
13.1 

3.9 
3.9 

14.4 

4.2 

13.2 

6.2 

2 

17.0 

7.4 

18.1 

8.7 

13.4 

5.1 

16.2 

7.4 

14.0 

5.4 

13.1 
13.2 

4.3 
4.4 

13.1 
13.1 

3.9 
3.9 

13.3 
13.2 

3.1 
3.0 

11.2 

4.3 

3 

15.8 

6.2 

18.3 

8.9 

14.4 

6.1 

17.2 

8.4 

15.3 

6.7 

13.4 

4.6 

13.4 

4.2 

13.2 
13.2 

3.0 
3.0 

9.1 
8.3 

2.2 
1.5 

4 

15.0 

5.4 

18.3 

8.9 

15.2 

6.8 

18.2 

18.4 

9.4 
9.6 

17.2 

8.6 

16.1 

7.3 

14.3 

5.1 

13.2 
13.7 

3.0 
3.5 

8.0 
8.0 

1.2 
1.3 

i5 

14.0 

4.4 

18.7 
17.8 

9.3 

8.4 

15.6 
15.7 

7.2 
7.3 

18.6 
18.6 

9.8 
9.8 

17.4 

8.7 

17.5 

8.7 

17.3 

8.1 

14.2 
15.3 

4.0 

8.0 
8.6 

1.3 

2.0 

0 

13.5 

3.9 

17.3 

7.8 

15.3 

6.9 

18.6 
18.3 

9.8 
9.5 

18.0 

18.5 

9.3 

9.8 

18.0 

18.7 

9.2 
9.9 

18.3 

9.1 

16.6 

5.1 

9.0 

2.4 

7 

13.4 

3.8 

10.2 

6.7 

14.6 

6.2 

18.0 

9.2 

1S.5 
18.5 

9.8 
9.8 

19.4 
19.4 

10.6 
10.5 

19.5 
19.9 

10.3 
10.7 

17.4 

6.4 

11.0 

4.5 

8 

13.4 

3.8 

14.7 

5.2 

14.0 

5.5 

17.5 

8.7 

18.0 

9.3 

19.4 
19.4 

10.5 
10.5 

20.4 
20.4 

11.2 
11.2 

18.0 

7.2 

13.4 

6.9 

•  9 

14.1 

4.5 

14.5 

5.0 

14.0 

5.5 

16.7 

7.9 

17.4 

8.7 

19.4 
19.2 

10.5 
10.3 

20.4 
20.4 

11.2 
11.2 

7.8 

15.9 

9.5 

1(1 

15.4 

5.8 

17.5 

S.O 

12.8 
12.4 

4.3 

3.9 

15.8 
15.6 

7.0 
6.9 

16.2 

7.5 

18.7 

9.8 

20.4 
20.1 

11.2 
10.9 

18.2 

11.9 

11 

lu.n 

6.4 

IS. 9 

9.3 

12.3 
12.3 

3.8 
3.8 

15.6 
15.6 

6.9 
6.9 

15.8 

7.1 

17.2 

8.3 

19.7 

10.5 

^  5b 

1% 

18.6 
18.7 

12.3 
12.5 

Midn't 

16.7 

7.1 

19.7 

10.1 

12.3 

3.8 

15.7 

7.0 

15.2 

6.5 

16.0 

7.1 

17.1 

7.9 

18.7 

12.5 

• 
.luno  3(».  Correction  — 9.6                                                                                 July  1.  Correction  — 9.4 

.July     2.           "         — 9.8  before  8  A.M.,  and— 8.2  after  8  A.  M.                 "     3.           "         —8.8 

"      4.           "         —8.6                                                                                     "     ."j.           "          —8.8 

"       ().          "         —9.2 

"       7.          "          — 9.2    Tide  register  out  of  order  at  2  o'clock,  changed  index  1  foot;  correction 

after 

"       8.  Tlic  readings  appear  irregular.     Correction  at  noon  —7.0,  at  midnight  —6.2.                  [2  A.  M. 

10.2. 

RECORD   AND    REDUCTION    OF   THE    TIDES. 


37 


Series  III. — Tidal  Observations  from  April  20  to  August  3,  1854. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  T.O,  expresse 

d  in 

units 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  ir 

dicate  rise  of  water. 

July,  1854. 

Mean 

lOth. 

Ref. 

nth. 

Eef. 

12th. 

Ref. 

13th. 

Ref. 

14th. 

Ref. 

15th. 

Ref. 

18th. 

Ref. 

19th. 

Ref. 

20th. 

Ref. 

solar 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

obs. 

hour. 

18.4 

12.3 

19.3  13.4 

19.3 

13.3 

19.5 

13.5 

1 

1 

ltj.8 

10.7 

19.0il3.1 

] 

19.3 
19.3 

13.3 
13.3 

19.6 
19.6 

13.6 
13.6 

17.0  11.0 
18.0  12.0 

18.1 
16.1 

? 

(1 









20.8 

6.1 

2 

14.1 

8.1 

17.0  11.0 

19.0 

13.0 

19.0 

13.0 

18.6  12.6 

13.2 

a 









20.5 

5.S 

20.4 

5.6 

3 

12..0 

0.5 

14.0 

8.0 

16.5 

10.5 

17.8 

11.8 

18.4 

12.4 







• 

20.4 
20.5 

5.6 
5.7 

4 

1(1.0 

4.0 

12.1     (5.1 

12.0 

6.0 

16.3 

10.3 

17.3  11.3 







20.8 

5.9 

9.(1 

3.0 

5 

8.1i 
8.2 

2.2 
2.2 

9.1 

3.1 

10.1 

4.1 

14.0 

8.0 

15.0 

9.0 

? 

19.1 
19.2 

4.6 

4.7 

20.4 

5.5 

6 

8.2 

2.2 

8.0 

2.0 

7.8 

1.8 

10.2 

4.2 





rt 

(( 

19.4 

4.8 

21.2 

6.3 

S.5 

2.5 

7.5,  1.5 

7.1 

1.1 

3 
tiD 

7 

9.0 

3.0 

7.8     1.8 

7.0 

1.0 

7.5 

1.5 





£ 

tt 

20.3 

5.7 

22.1 

7.2 

9.4 

.  ? 

8.5 

2.5 

7.3 

1.3 

7.0 

1.0 

b. 

8 

G.6 



9.0 

3.0 

8.2 

2.2 

7.0 
7.1 

1.0 
1.1 





to 

to 

ii 

21.2 

6.6 

22.2 

7.3 

9 

7.2 



11.5 

6.5 

10.5 

4.5 

8.0 

2.0 

7.8 

7.8 

1.8 

1.8 

'i 

It 

22.2 
21.7 

7.6 
7.1 

23.0 
23.3 

8.1 

8.4 

10 

10.3 

4.5 

14.0 

8.0 

13.0 

7.0 

10.2 

4.2 

7.9 

1.9 

(C 

21.2 

6.G 

23.6 
23.5 

8.7 

11 

12.1 

6.3 

15.6 

9.6 

15.4 
16.1 

9.4 
10.1 

12.6 

6.6 

9.3 

3.3 

ct 

"3 

(t 

21.8 

7.2 

23.5 

8.6 

Noon 

13..''> 

7.7 

16. 0 

10.0 

16.1 

10.1 

14.9 

8.9 

12.3 

6.3 

0) 

21.3 

7.0 

20.0 

5.4 

22.2 

7.3 

14.0 

8.2 

16.1 

10.1 

16.0 

10.0 

15.9 

9.9 

.i: 

20.2 

5.9 

1 

14.2 

8.4 

16.0 

10.0 

16.0 

10.0 

16.0 

10.0 

14.1 

8.1 

b 

19.1 

4.8 

19.6 

5.0 

20.1 

5.2 

13.1 

7.3 

16.0 

10.0 

14.4 

8.4 

19.1 

4.8 

19.0 

4.4 

2 

12.1 

6.3 

15.2 

9.2 

15.3 

9.3 

16.0 
15.1 

10.0 
9.1 

15.2 

15.2 

9.2 

9.2 

(» 

s 

19.1 
19.3 

4.8 
5.0 

19.3 

4.7 

19.4 
19.7 

4.5 

4.8 

b 

10.2 

4.4 

13.2 

7.2 

13.2 

7.2 

14.2 

8.2 

15.2 
14.4 

9.2 

8.4 

O 

20.2 

5.9 

19.3 

4.7 

20.4 

5.5 

4 

8.0 

7.8 

2.2 
2!o 

10.0 

4.0 

11.0 

5.0 

13.3 

7.3 

14.3 

8.3 

a 

21.3 

7.0 

20.0 

5.4 

21.2 

6.3 

5 

7.11 
7.0 

1.2 
1.2 

8.7 

7.8 

2.7 

l.S 

10.0 

4.0 



— 

13.0 

7.0 

22.1 

7.7 

21.1 

6.5 

(! 

7.0 

1.7 

7.2 
7.2 

1.2 
1  2 

8.7 
8.0 

2.7 
2.0 



... 

12.8 

6.8 

23.2 

23.4 

8.8 
9.0 

22.4 

7.8 

7 

10.1 

4.2 

7.5 

1.5 

7.2 
7.2 

1.2 
1.2 

9.0 

8.7 

3.0 

2.7 





23.6 
23.6 

9.2 
9.2 

23.6 

9.0 

3 

S 

13.1 

7.2 

9.0 

3.0 

7.6 

1.6 

8.4 

2.4 





23.6 
23.3 

9.2 
8.9 

23.9 
24.0 

9.2 
9.3 

1 

y 

I.^kO 

9.1 

10.5 

4.5 

9.2 

3.2 



... 

8.5 
8.9 

2.5 
2.9 

22.9 

8.5 

24.0 
23.4 

9.3 

8.7 

en 

a 

10 

17.0 

11.1 

13.9 

7.9 

12.2 

6.2 

... 

9.0 

3.0 

22.1 

7.? 

23.4 

8.7 

OS 

11 

18.(i 
19.0 

12.7 
13.1 

16.8 

10.8 

16.8 

10.8 

--- 

... 

11.5 

5.5 

21.4 

7.0 

23.4 

8.7 

M 

Midn't 

19.5 

13.6 

19.0 

13.0 

18.2 

12.2 





13.2 

7.2 

20.3 

5.9 

21.3 

6.6 

July  10.  Correction  —  5.8 

July  11.  Correction  —  6.0 

"    12.           "         —  6.0 

"     13.           ''          —  6.0 

"     14.           "          —  6.0 

"     15.           "                   ? 

"     18.           "          —14.3 

"     19.           "          —14.6 

"    20.           "          —14.9 

304625 


38 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OF   THE    TIDES. 


Series  III. — Tidal  Observations  from  April  20  to  August  3,  1854. 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gauge.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0,  expressed  in  units 
of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water. 


July,  1854. 


Mean 

2Sth. 

Kef. 

solar 

obs. 

hour. 

1 

2 

o 

a 

3 

>f 

4 

"B 

a 

5 

G 

O 

a 

7 

8 

o 

9 

a 

o 

10 

11 

o 

Noon 

S.3 

7.6 

9.1 

8.4 

1 

9.2 

8.5 

9.3 

8.G 

2 

9.3 

8.6 

9.3 

8.6 

3 

9.2 

8.5 

4 

7.4 

6.8 

5 

.5.5 

4.0 

G 

3.7 

3.1 

7 

2.0 

2.3 

2.7 

2.1 

8 

2.G 

2.0 

3.0 

2.4 

9 

3.2 

2.7 

10 

5.4 

4.0 

11 

G.4 

5.9 

Midn't 

9.0 

8.5 

29th. 


Kef. 
obs. 


10.6 

11.3 
12.3 
12.5 
11.3 
10.2 

8.4 

6.1 

3.0 
2.3 
2.0 
2.0 
2.2 

3.5 

4.8 

7.2 

9.2 

10.2 

11.3 
11.4 
11.5 
11.0 
10.0 

7.8 

4.2 

3.4 

3.3 

4.0 
4.9 

6.0 

8.0 


10.1 

10.8 
11.8 
12.0 
10.8 
9.7 

8.0 

5.7 

2.6 
1.9 
1.7 
1.7 
1.9 

3.2 

4.5 

G.9 

8.9 

9.9 

10.0 
11.2 
11.3 
10.8 
9.8 

7.6 

4.1 

3.3 

3.2 
3.9 
.3.9 

5.0 

7.0 


30th. 


Kef. 

obs. 


lO.G 
11.2 
11.2 
11.2 
11.2 
11.0 
10.8 

10.2 


6.4 
5.1 
3.2 
3.2 
3.2 
3.3 
3.4 

4.2 

6.1 

7.0 

8.3 
8.5 
9.2 
9.0 
8.3 


6.0 

5.1 
4.3 
4.1 
4.1 
4.1 
5.0 
5.2 

6.4 


10.5 
11.1 
11.1 
11.1 
11.1 
11.0 
10.8 

10.2 

8.5 

6.4 
5.1 
3.2 
3.2 
3.2 
3.3 
3.4 

4.2 

6.1 

7.0 

8.3 
8.5 
9.2 
9.0 
8.3 


6.0 

5.1 
4.3 
4.1 
4.1 
4.1 
5.0 
5.2 

C.4 


31st. 


Kef. 
obs. 


8.3 

8.6 

0.3 

10.6 


4.0 

5.2 

5.5 

6.2 

7.5 
8.0 
9.0 
9.0 
9.0 
9.0 
9.0 

0.1 

8.0 

6.6 

5.4 
4.8 
4.8 
4.8 
4.8 
4.8 
4.8 
5.1 
5.6 


8.3 

8.6 

9.3 

10.6 


4.0 

5.2 

5.5 

6.2 

7.5 
8.0 
9.0 
9.0 
9.0 
9.0 
9.0 

9.1 

8.0 

6.6 

5.4 
4.8 
4.8 
4.8 
4.8 
4.8 
4.8 
5.1 
5.6 


August,  1854. 


1st. 


8.0 

8.4 
9.1 
9.3 

9.3 
9.2 
9.0 
0.0 
9.0 

7.5 

5.5 

4.6 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
5.0 
5.7 

7.0 

S.7 
9.5 
10.4 
10.4 
10.4 
10.4 
10.2 

9.0 


6.2 
6.0 
6.0 
6.0 
6.2 

6.5 


Kef. 
obs. 


8.0 

8.4 
9.1 
9.3 

9.3 
9.2 
9.0 
9.0 
9.0 

7.5 

5.5 

4.6 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
5.0 
5.7 

7.0 

8.7 
9.5 
10.5 
10.5 
10.5 
10.5 
10.3 

9.1 

7.5 

G.3 
6.1 
G.l 
6.1 
6.4 

6.7 


2d. 


6.8 

8.0 

8.7 

9.0 

10.2 

9.1 

7.4 

6.4 

5.0 

4.2 
4.1 
4.1 
4.1 
4.1 
4.3 
4.8 

5.9 

6.4 

6.8 

7.0 
8.2 
9.1 
9.0 
0.0 

0.0 

7.4 

G.2 

5.8 

5.6 


Kef. 

obs. 


7.0 

8.2 

8.9 

9.3 

10.5 

9.4 

7.8 

6.8 

5.4 

4.6 
4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
4.7 
5.2 

6.3 

C.8 

7.2 

7.4 

8.6 
9.5 
9.4 
9.4 

9.4 

7.8 

6.6 

6.2 

6.0 


3d. 


5.3 
5.5 
6.0 

G.5 

7.3 
8.2 
8.4 
8.4 
8.4 
8.4 
8.4 

7.7 

6.0 

4.4 

3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.2 
3.2 
3.2 
3.2 
4.0 
4.5 

6.2 

7.4 

8.2 

8.8 
9.0 
9.0 
9.0 
9.0 
9.0 
8.2 

7.3 

6.0 


Kef. 
obs. 


5./ 
5.9 
G.4 

GO 

7.7 
8.6 
8.8 
8.8 
8.8 
8.8 
8.8 

8.1 

6.4 

4.8 

3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
4.4 
4.9 

6.G 

7.8 

8.6 

9.2 
9.4 
9.4 
9.4 
9.4 
9.4 
8.6 

7.7 

6.4 


Between  the  20th  and  27th  of  .Tnly  the  observations  do  not  appear  sufficiently  regular  to  promise  any  reliable 
results. 
.Inly  28.  Correction  —0.7  July  29.  Correction  —0.3  -Tuly  30.  Correction      0.0 


Aug.    2. 


+0.4 


31.  "  0.0  Aug.    1.  "  —0.0 

Aug.    3.  "  +0.4        After  this  date  tlie  observations  are  irregular. 

On  the  5th  the  rope  slipped  off  the  wheel. 

Aug.  8.  The  brig  was  released  from  the  ice  cr.adle  at  10  A.  M.,  rising  suildmily  '2\  feet 
position  upon  very  slight  disturbance  of  the  external  ice,  and  is  now  on  an  even  koul  for  the  first  time  in  cloven 
months.      The  brig  was  frozen  in  .and  fast  since  thci  Olh  of  September,  1853. 

Aug.  10.  Tint  high-water  mark  was  out  on  the  island  by  Mr.  McGary. 

Aug.  11.  The  warping  of  the  ships  was  commenced.     Tidal  observations  were  resumed  on  the  12tli. 
register  is  kept  in  fathoms  and  feet. 


She  resumed  thi 


Tlio 


RECORD    AND    REDUCTION    OE    THE    TIDES. 


39 


Series  IV. — Tidal  OisbEiivATiONs  from  Septemiser  1  to  October  22,  1851.                    1 

Hourly  observations  on  the  pulley-gange.     Adopted  reading  of  mean  level  7.0,  expressed  in  units    | 

of  the  scale.     Increasing  numbers  indicate  rise  of  water.                                     i 

September,  1854. 

Mean 
solar 
hour. 

7th. 

8th. 

9th.     10th. 

lltb. 

12th,  13th. 

14th. 

16th. 

17th. 

18th. 

19th. 

20th. 

21st. 

22d. 

23d. 

24th.  25th. 

26th.  27th. 

1 

10.0 

13.5'  13.0 

10.0:10.0 

8.0 

6.0 

... 

5.0 

7.0 

9.0 

9.0 

10.0 

11.2 

12.0'll.O  13.0 

13.0    10.0 

2 



5.0 

13.5'   11.0 

11.0  114.0 

9.0 

7.0 



5.0 

6.0 

8.0 

7.5 

8.0 

9.0 

10.0 

10.0 

14.0 

11.0    12.0 

3 



2.0 

11. Oi     7.0 

11.0  ll.OilO.O 

4.0 



6.0 

6.0 

7.0 

5.0 

6.0 

4.0 

7.0 

8.0 

10.0 

10.0,  10.0 

4 



—1.0 

7.0     4.7 

9.0 

9.0 

9.0 

3.0 



7.0 

5.0 

5.0 

3.0 

5.0 

3.0 

3.0 

6.0 

7.0 

8.0'    8.0 

.5 



—1.7 

5.0      3.0 

7.0 

6.0 

6.0 

4.0 



8.0 

6.0 

5.0 

2.0 

4.0 

2.0 

0.0 

3.5 

4.0 

6.0 i    4.0 

(i 



—1.7 

3.0      1.0 

5.0 

4.0 

4.0 

5.0 



9.0 

7.0 

7.0 

4.0 

5.0 

3.0 

—0.7 

2.0 

3.0 

3.0 

2.01 

7 



—1.0 

2.2  —1.0 

3.0 

2.0 

0.0 

6.0 



9.0 

9.0 

8.0 

6.0 

6.0 

5.0 

2.0 

2.0 

2.0 

0.0 

0.0  1 

s 



0.0 

1.0—1.0 

0.0 

0.0 

1.0 

8.0 

... 

9.0 

8.5 

10.0 

7.0 

7.0 

6.0 

4.0 

2.0 

0.0 

1.0  —1.0 

9 



2.0 

4.0 

0.0 

0.0 

1.0 

2.0 

9.0 



8.0 

7.5 

10.0 

8.0 

8.5 

8.0 

7.0 

5.0 

1.0 

3.0-j    1.0 

10 

-  -  - 

9.0 

5.0 

4.0 

2.0 

3.0;  3.0I10.0 



6.0 

9.0 

9.5 

9.0 

10.0 

10.0 

lt1.0  10.0 

3.0 

4.0      3.0 

11 



14.0 

6.5 



4.0 

4.0 i  5.0 

4.0 

4.0 

5.0 

7.0 

8.5 

9.5 

11.5 

12.5 

11.012.0;  6.0 

7.0      6.0 

Noon 



12.0 

11.0 



7.0 

7.0!  6.0 

4.0 

5.0 

6.5 

8.0 



10.0 

13.0 

13.0  13.0  I12.5 

10.0]    9.0 

1 



11.0 

13.0 

9.0 

9.0 

3.0 

8.0 

5.0 

5.0 

6.0 

7.5 



9.0 

10.0 

11.0,12.0:13.0 

12.0    10.0 

14.0 

c 

1 

'2 



10.0 

10.0 

11.0  10.0 

4.0 

9.0 

0 

7.0 

6.0 

5.5 

7.0 



6.0 

8.0 

10.0 

10.0112.0 

13.0    12.0 

3 

... 

8.0 

7.0 

9.0    8.0 

9.0 

9.0 

0 

8.0 

7.0 

5.0 

6.7 

4.0 

0.0 

6.0 

7.0 

9.0 

11.0 

11.0,  13.0 

4 



6.0 

4.0 

6.0    9.0,10.0 

9.0 

& 

9.0 

8.0 

7.0 

6.5 

2.0 

1.0 

3.0 

5.0 

6.0 

7.0 

9.0 

10.0 

5 



4.0 

2.0 

.--  10.0 

8.0 

9.0 

CO 

8.0 

9.0 

8.0 

6.0 

3.0 

1.5 

1.0 

1.0 

3.0 

6.0 

6.0 

9.0 

0 



2.0 

O.C 

...  10.5 

4.0 

6.0 

a 
0 

7.0 

10.0 

9.0 

5.0 

4.0 

3.0 

2.0 

0.0 

2.0 

4.0 

4.0 

7.0 

7 



1.0 

—0.5 



9.0 

1.0 

4.0 

o3 

8.0 

10.0 

10.0 

8.0 

6.0 

4.0 

3.0 

0.0 

1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

3.0 

8 



0.0 

—0.5 



5.0 

0.0 

3.0 

> 

9.0 

10.4  10.5 

11.0 

8.0 

7.0 

5.0 

4.0 

2.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0 

11.0 

5.0 

4.9 

2.0'  1.5 

1.5 

4.0 

CD 

'2 

10.0 

10.0  10.5 

11.5 

10.0 

9.5 

7.5 



5.0 

5.0 

1.0 

1.0 

10 

13.0 

8.0 

6.C 

1.0    3.0 

3.0 

5.0 

§ 

9.0 

10.0  12.0 

12.0 

12.0  12.0 

11.5. 

8.0 

8.0 

4.0 

4.0 

11 

14.5 

11.0 

lO.C 

7.0    7.0 

5.6 

54 

8.0 

10.4  11.0 

12.6 

13.0  14.0 

10.0 



9.0 

11.0 

7.0 

6.0 

Midn't 

14.2 

13.0 

12.C 

10.0    8.6 

7.0 

7.0 

6.6 

9.0  10.0 

11.6 

11.0  13.0 

9.0 



10.0 

12.0 

9.5 

8.0 

Se 

pt.  1854. 

October,  1854. 

Mean 
solar 
hour. 

2Sth. 

29th. 

30th. 

1st. 

4th. 

5th. 

6th. 

7th. 

8th. 

9th.  10th. 

nth. 

12th. 

15th. 

17th. 

18th.  19th. 

20th.  21st. 

22d. 

1 

<1.0 

8.0 

... 

9.0 



6.0 

10.0  12.0 

14.0 

8.0  13.0 

10.0 

8.5 

6.0 



5.0    --- 

6.0 i  5.0 

... 

2 

12.0 

10.0 



8.0 



4.0 

7.0  10.0 

12.2!  7.0 '12.0 



14.5 

7.0 



4.0 



4.0!  4.0 



3 

13.0 

9.0 

8.0 

6.0 



0.0 

5.0    7.0 

7.0;  4.0 

10.0 

9.0 

10.0 

8.0 

3.0 

3.0 

1.0 

3.0!  0.5 

1.0 

4 

10.0 

S.O 

9.0 

1.2 

3.0:  4.0 

5.0 

2.0 

7.0 

8.0 

7.0  10.0 

4.0 

4.0 

0.0 

2.0  1  0.0 

0.0 

5 

9.0 

8.0 

8.0 

1.0 

-1.0,  2.0 

2.0 

1.0 

4.0 

4.0 

5.01  9.0 

5.0 

6.0 

2.0 

1.0  1  1.0 

0.5 

G 

5.5 

7.0 

7.0 



0.0 

0.4   1.0 

1.0 

0.0 

0.0 

2.0 

4.0!  8.0 

6.0 

6.4 

3.0 

3.0    2.0 

1.5 

7 

3.0 

6.0 

6.0 

4.0 

4.0 

4.0    1.0 

0.0 

0.0 

1.0  1  1.0 

3.0 

7.0 

7.0:  7.0 

6.0 

5.0     3.0 

1.0 

8 

1.0 

4.0 

5.0 

c 

5.0 

7.0 

7.0    5.0 

—1.0 

0.5 

1.5;  0.0 

2.0 

6.0 

8.0  I  S.O 

9.0 

7.0!  6.0 

3.0 

9 

2.0 

3.0 

5.0 

3 

10.0 

10.0 

10.0    8.5 

7.01  7.0 

2.5 

2.0 

3.5 

5.0 

9.0 

11.0 

12.0 

10.0'  8.0 

7.0 

10 

3.0 

2.0 

4.0 

too 
4) 

10.0 

11.0 

11.5,11.5 

9.0  10.0 

5.0 

5.5 

5.0 

4.0 

10.0 

10.0 

11.5 

ii.o;ii.o 

10.0 

11 

7.0 

4.0 

3.0 

9.0 

12.0 

12.0  13.0 

11.210.0 

7.0 

11.0 

6.0 

3.0 

8.0 

8.0 

10.0 

12.0  12.0 

13.0 

Noon 

9.0 

6.0 

4.0 

Oi 

8.0 

13.0 

12.0il4.0 

13.012.0 

10.0 

13.0 

8.0 

4.0 

6.0 

7.0 

8.0 

10.0  12.0 

13.0 

1 

12.0 

7.0 

6.0 

a 

6.0 

7.0 

12.0:13.0 

13.0  13.0  il3.0 

14.0 

10.0 

5.2 

5.0 

6.0 

7.5 

8.0  10.0 

12.0 

2 

10.0 

9.0 

7.0 

'•3 

4.0 

4.0 

8.5    9.0 

12.014.0 

14.0 

13.0 

13.0 

5.0 

4.0 

5.0 

4.0 

3.0    7.0 

9.0 

3 

11.0 

10.0 

8.0 

a 

13 

2.0 

2.0 

7.0;  5.0 

8.0:   9.0 

12.5 

12.0 

14.0 

6.0 

3.0 

2.0 

1.0 

0.5  :  4.0 

4.0 

4 

12.0 

11.5 

9.0 

S 

0.0 

0.0 

3.0    3.0 

3.0    7.0 

9.0 

10.0 

14.0 

7.0 

4.0 

2.0 

1.0 

0.0  1  2.0 

1.5 

5 

10.0 

11.0 

10.0 

0.0 

—2.0 

1.0    0.0 

2.0'  5.0 

8.0 

7.0 

11.0 i  8.0 

5.0 

3.0 

2.0 

1.0!  0.0 

0.0 

6 

S.O 

11.0 

10.0 

5.0 

3.0 

0  0    0.0 

1.0    3.0 

4.0 

4.0 

9.0 

9.0 

7.01  4.0 

6.0 

3.0    1.0 

1.0 

7 

CO 

9.0 

9.0 

9.0 

7.0 

— O.5I   2.0 

0.0    1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

7.4 

9.0 

7.0!  7.0 

7.0 

4.0    1.0 

3.0 

s 

4.0 

6.0 

8.0 

10.0 

9.0 

0.0    5.0 

1.0    0.0 

0.5 

2.0 

6.0 

10.0 

7.0     9.5 

8.0 

7.0    3.0 

7.0 

;i 

2.0 

3.0 

7.0 

12.0 

13.0 

9.0'   7.0 

4.0    3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

4.0 

8.0  1  8.0!l2.0!  9.0 

8.0    7.0 

10.0 

10 

3.0 

4.0 

5.5 

13.0 

13.2 

12.0  10.0 

6.0    5.5 

4.0 

4.0 

6.0!  6.011.0  10.0  10.0 

9.0  10.0 

12.0 

11 

5.0 

5.5 

5.0 

14.0    14.0 

14.0  13.6 

9.0    8.0 

7.0 

7.0 

8.0 

5.0     8.0:  7.0,10.0 

9.0  12.0 

13.0 

Midn't 

6.0 

5.5 

4.5 

13.0    14.0 

13.6  14.0 

10.011.0 

1 

10.0 

10.0 

10.0 

7.0     7.0 

6.0  11.0 

11.0  11.0 

1 

11.0 

Not 

[•E. — The  above  numbers  were  taken  from  the  record,  converting  tlie  fathoms  into  feet  and  deducting  8,  in 

order 

to  reduce  tlie  mean  level  of  15  feet  to  the  adopted  level  of  comparison  of  7  feet.     Tlie  observations  are 

takei 

with  tlie  sonnding  line  ;  bottom  weedy. 

Sei 

t.  8.  Some  doubt  about  tlie  time  between  1  and  5  P.  M. 

Aft 

er  October  22  the  soundings  are  too  irregular,  and  later  observations  with  the  pulley -gauge  too  much 

affect 

ed  by  changes  of  the  index. 

Th 

s  last  series  is  considerably  inferior  in  accuracy  to  the  three  preceding  series. 

40  RECORD   AND   REDUCTION  OF  THE   TIDES. 


Reduction  of  Tides,  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  1853-'54. 

Having  given  the  tidal  record  in  a  form  ready  for  use,  the  observations  next 
require  to  be  properly  tabulated  for  the  pui-pose  of  deducing  empirically  their  laws, 
and  for  comparison  with  theory.  In  the  United  States  Coast  Survey  two  blank 
forms  are  in  use  for  this  tabulation;  they  have  in  their  essential  part  been  adopted 
as  suitable  for  the  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor  tides,  and  were  used  Avith  permission  of 
the  Superintendent  of  the  Survey.  They  are  strictly  applicable  only  for  such  cases 
where  the  diurnal  inequality  is  comparatively  small,  or  is  at  least  not  approximating 
to  the  production  of  single  day  tides.  In  order  to  show,  at  a  glance,  the  general 
character  of  the  tides  under  discussion,  they  were  plotted  a  second  time,  and  are 
given  in  Plates  I,  II,  and  III;  the  observations  having  previously  been  referred  to 
the  same  mean  level.  From  these  diagrams  it  appears  that  the  diurnal  inequality 
is  not  of  so  great  an  effect  as  to  render  the  use  of  the  ordinary  method  of  reduction 
unavailable ;  on  the  other  hand,  it  is  sufficiently  large  to  require  a  special  discussion 
for  time  and  height.  The  extension  of  the  series  of  observations  over  a  whole 
year  must  be  considered  as  a  fortunate  circumstance,  since  the  results  thereby  gain 
considerably  in  accuracy  over  others  deduced  only  from  a  few  disconnected  lunations. 

The  tidal  record  would  not  be  complete  without  the  observations  for  direction 
and  force  of  the  wind,  and  for  atmospheric  pressure ;  the  reader  will  find  these 
records  in  ray  discussion  of  the  meteorological  material  of  the  expedition,  in  Vol. 
XI,  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Knowledge,  1859. 

The  following  pages  contain  the  first  tabulation  of  the  preceding  record,  viz: 
column  1  contains  the  date,  civil  reckoning,  adopted  for  convenience  sake.  Co- 
lumn 2  gives  the  apparent  time  (civil  reckoning)  of  the  moon's  superior  and  inferior 
transit  over  the  Van  Rensselaer  meridian,  obtained  by  adding  nine  minutes  to  the 
time  of  transit  at  Greenwich,  allowing  for  a  difference  of  longitude  of  4''  43*"  W. 
The  mean  time  was  converted  into  apparent  time  by  applying  the  equation  of  time. 
The  time  for  the  lower  transit  was  obtained  by  taking  the  mean  of  the  time  of  the 
preceding  and  following  upper  transit.  Columns  3  and  4  contain  the  apparent 
time  of  high  and  low  water,  taken  from  the  record;  in  some  cases  a  graphical 
method  was  resorted  to,  to  obtain  the  instant  of  these  phases  with  greater  precision. 
The  equation  of  time  has  been  applied  to  the  mean  time  in  which  the  observations 
are  expressed.  Columns  5  and  6  contain  the  lunitidal  interval  between  the  time 
of  high  water  and  low  water,  and  the  time  of  the  transit  of  the  moon  immediately 
preceding,  though  in  some  cases,  owing  to  the  half-monthly  inequality,  it  may  be 
the  second  preceding,  the  establishment  being  about  11 1  hours.  This  transit  of 
comparison  has  been  called  transit  F  by  Mr.  Lubbock,'  The  next  columns,  7  and 
8,  give  the  height  of  high  and  low  water,  extracted  from  the  preceding  abstract. 
The  remaining  columns  contain  the  moon's  parallax  and  declination  at  noon. 


*  Sec  an  Elementary  Treatise  ou  the  Tides,  l)y  J.  W.  Lubbock,  Esq.,  London,  1839. 


RECORD    AND    REDUCTION    OF    THE   TIDES. 


41 


Table  for  the  Reduction  of  Tides. — No.  1. 

Showing 

the  times  of  Ilifrli  and  TiOw  "Water,  and  the  Heights  of  High  an 

d  Low 

Tides;  together 

with  the  time  of  the  Moon's  passing  the  Meridian  of  tiio  place,  and  the 

Liinitidal  Intervals,  at  1 

Van  Rensselaer  Harbor  during  the  months  of  October  10,  1853,  to  October  22 

,  1855. 

Series  I. — From  October  10  to  December  28,  1853. 

Moon  passes 

Apparent  time  of 

Lunititlal  interval. 

Ileigllt  of 

the  meridian. 

Moon's 
parallax 
at  noon. 

Moon's 

declination 

at  noon. 

Date. 
1853. 

Appar.  time. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H.  1   M. 

Ft.  1  Deo. 

Ft. 

Dee. 

Min. 

Dec. 

Degree.!  Dec. 

Oct.    9 

6 

28 

... 

... 

>•• 

... 

... 

"     10 

6 

7 

57 
26 

8 
G 

13 
13 

ii 

13 

i's 

11 

45 
16 

16 

45 

8 
9 

6 

2 

4 

7 

58 

4" 

—23 

S 

"     U 

7 

54 

7 

58 

"i 

43 

12 

32 

18 

46 

6 

7 

"4 

'4 

57 

8 

—20 

9 

8 

22 

7 

43 

1 

13 

11 

49 

17 

47 

9 

5 

4 

8 

"     12 

8 

47 

8 

13 

1 

43 

11 

51 

17 

49 

7 

9 

4 

0 

57 

3 

—17         0 

9 

12 

9 

29 

2 

43 

12 

42 

18 

21 

10 

0 

4 

2 

"     13 

9 

37 

9 

59 

3 

14 

12 

47 

18 

27 

9 

1 

3 

7 

56 

7 

—12    i     3 

10 

02 

10 

14 

3 

59 

12 

37 

18 

47 

10 

9 

3 

1 

"     14 

10 

24 

10 

14 

4 

14 

12 

12 

18 

37 

9 

8 

2 

7 

56 

3 

—  7        1 

10 

47 

10 

44 

3 

69 

12 

20 

17 

57 

11 

3 

2 

7 

"    17 

0 

13 

... 

... 

54 

9 

+  8 

9 

0 

35 

11 

45 

5 

15 

11 

i'o 

17 

02 

i'o 

7 

i 

5 

"     18 

0 

57 

6 

00 

17 

25 

... 

1 

8 

54 

5 

+13 

7 

1 

18 

6 

30 

17 

33 

12 

3 

2 

0 

"     19 

1 

40 

0 

30 

6 

45 

ii 

12 

17 

27 

11 

5 

1 

6 

54 

3 

+17 

9 

2 

02 

1 

15 

7 

15 

11 

35 

17 

35 

12 

4 

1 

9 

"     20 

2 

25 

1 

15 

5 

45 

11 

13 

15 

43 

11 

5 

5 

7 

54 

2 

+21 

3 

2 

48 

1 

45 

9 

00 

11 

20 

18 

35 

11 

9 

2 

7 

"     21 

3 

12 

1 

30 

7 

45 

10 

42 

16 

57 

9 

9 

2 

8 

54 

1 

+23 

8 

3 

36 

3 

15 

8 

30 

12 

03 

17 

IS 

11 

1 

4 

4 

"     22 

4 

00 

1 

15 

9 

16 

9 

39 

17 

40 

10 

5 

3 

4 

54 

0 

+25 

2 

4 

25 

3 

16 

8 

46 

11 

16 

16 

46 

9 

9 

4 

5 

"     23 

4 

51 

3 

16 

8 

31 

10 

51 

16 

06 

10 

3 

3 

9 

54 

4 

+25 

5 

5 

16 

4 

16 

10 

16 

11 

25 

17 

25 

10 

4 

5 

2 

"     24 

5 

6 

42 

07 

3 

5 

31 

46 

8 

31 

10 

12 

15 

04 

15 

15 

8 
9 

7 

7 

4 

5 

54 

8 

+24        7 

»     25 

6 

32 

5 

01 

"6 

16 

10 

54 

is 

34 

7 

1 

"5 

"4 

55 

4 

+22    1     6 

6 

57 

8 

16 

10 

46 

13 

44 

16 

39 

8 

5 

5 

2 

"     26 

7 

22 

7 

46 

0 

31 

12 

49 

17 

59 

7 

0 

5  1   2 

56 

1 

+  19 

5 

7 

46 

8 

46 

0 

46 

13 

24 

17 

49 

9 

2 

6 

1 

"     27 

8 

11 

8 

16 

1 

46 

12 

30 

18 

24 

8 

1 

4 

8 

67 

0 

+15 

3 

8 

35 

8 

46 

0 

46 

12 

35 

17 

00 

9 

8 

6 

5 

"     28 

8 

59 

3 

01 

18 

50 

9 

3 

4 

5 

57 

9 

+10 

3 

9 

23 

9 

46 

3 

46 

12 

■47 

19 

11 

10 

8 

5 

1 

"     29 

9 

47 

9 

46 

4 

01 

12 

23 

19 

02 

10 

7 

3 

4 

58 

8 

+  4 

6 

10 

11 

10 

46 

4 

16 

12 

59 

18 

53 

11 

4 

4 

9 

"     30 

10 

36 

12 

01 

3 

46 

13 

50 

17 

59 

11 

6 

2 

9 

59 

7 

—  1 

5 

11 

01 

10 

46 

5 

16 

12 

10 

19 

05 

11 

7 

3 

9 

"     31 

11. 

26 

11 

31 

4 

16 

12 

30 

17 

40 

12 

0 

1 

6 

60 

4 

—  7 

7 

11 

62 

12 

16 

5 

01 

12 

50 

18 

00 

12 

2 

1 

9 

Nov.  1 

11 

46 

4 

46 

11 

54 

17 

20 

12 

3 

2 

7 

60 

8 

—13 

6 

0 

19 

11 

16 

7 

01 

10 

57 

19 

09 

11 

6 

3 

6 

"      2 

0 

48 

7 

01 

IS 

42 

0 

9 

61 

0 

—18 

7 

1 

16 

0 

16 

7 

16 

i'i 

28 

18 

28 

14 

"3      0 

1 

"       3 

1 

46 

1 

16 

7 

16 

12 

00 

18 

00 

11 

8  '     0 

0 

60 

9 

—22 

7 

2 

16 

1 

31 

8 

46 

11 

45 

19 

00 

14 

2  i     1 

5 

"      4 

2 
3 

47 
19 

1 

16 

8 
8 

01 
01 

11 

00 

17 

17 

45 
14 

11 

6 

0 
1 

3 

6 

60 

5 

—25 

0 

"       5 

3 

50 

i 

16 

8 

31 

"9 

57 

17 

12 

16 

i 

0 

7 

59 

9 

—25 

6 

4 

22 

2 

46 

8 

46 

10 

56 

16 

56 

13 

0 

1 

8 

"       6 

4 

52 

4 

01 

9 

01 

11 

39 

16 

39 

9 

1 

2 

3 

59 

1 

—24 

5 

5 

23 

4 

46 

10 

31 

11 

54 

17 

39 

10 

9 

2 

6 

"       7 

5 
6 

52 
21 

3 

4 

46 
31 

10 

16 

10 
10 

23 
39 

16 

53 

8 
10 

2 

7 

3 

2 

58 

4 

—21    i     9 

42 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OF    THE   TIDES. 


Series  I. — From  October  10 

TO  December  28, 

185S 

. 

Moon 

passes 

Apparent  time  of 

Lunitidal  interval. 

Height  of 

the  meridian. 

Moo 

n's 

Moon's 

parallax 
at  noon. 

declination 
at  noon. 

Date 

1S53. 

Appar 

.  time. 

,H.  water. 

L.  water. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

L.  water. 

H.  water. 

U. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

Min. 

Dec. 

Degree. 

Dee. 

Nov.  S 

6 

48 

5 

16 

0 

16 

10 

55 

18 

24 

7 

8 

3 

5 

57 

6 

—18 

1 

7 

14 

6 

46 

0 

16 

11 

58 

17 

55 

10 

4 

4 

9 

"   9 

7 

38 

7 

16 

0 

46 

12 

02 

17 

68 

8 

1 

4 

0 

56 

9 

—13 

5 

8 

02 

7 

31 

1 

16 

11 

53 

18 

02 

11 

0 

4 

4 

"  10 

8 

25 

8 

46 

0 

46 

12 

44 

17 

08 

9 

8 

4 

3 

56 

3 

—  8 

4 

8 

48 

9 

46 

2 

31 

13 

21 

18 

29 

10 

7 

5 

5 

"  11 

9 

09 

10 

01 

2 

46 

13 

13 

18 

21 

9 

5 

2 

3 

55 

7 

—  3 

1 

9 

31 

9 

31 

3 

31 

12 

22 

18 

43 

11 

8 

4 

2 

"  12 

9 

52 

10 

01 

4 

16 

12 

30 

19 

07 

11 

2 

2 

8 

55 

2 

+  2 

3 

10 

13 

9 

46 

3 

31 

11 

54 

18 

00 

11 

5 

3 

8 

"  13 

10 

34 

10 

16 

4 

46 

12 

03 

18 

54 

11 

5 

2 

6 

54 

8 

+  7 

5 

10 

54 

11 

15 

6 

15 

12 

41 

20 

02 

11 

0 

2 

5 

"  14 

11 

15 

10 

45 

5 

0 

11 

51 

18 

26 

12 

7 

2 

1 

54 

5 

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4 

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37 

10 

45 

5 

30 

11 

30 

18 

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9 

8 

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11 

30 

5 

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53 

18 

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0 

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2 

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12 

00 

6 

30 

12 

01 

18 

53 

13 

0 

3 

5 

"  16 

0 

21 

12 

30 

5 

0 

12 

09 

17 

01 

13 

6 

0 

4 

54 

1 

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0 

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11 

45 

7 

15 

11 

01 

18 

54 

10 

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1 

"  17 

1 

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0 

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0 

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6 

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11 

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1 

55 

0 

45 

7 

15 

11 

14 

17 

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7 

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1 

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0 

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0 

2 

20 

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15 

8 

15 

11 

20 

18 

20 

12 

1 

1 

2 

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54 

16 

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11 

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14 

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54 

4 

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2 

3 

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2 

14 

8 

59 

10 

40 

17 

25 

11 

5 

3 

6 

«  21 

4 

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2 

29 

7 

59 

10 

30 

16 

00 

8 

0 

3 

2 

54 

7 

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5 

4 

49 

2 

44 

11 

14 

10 

20 

18 

50 

10 

7 

3 

6 

"  22 

5 

14 

2 

49 

8 

44 

10 

(10 

15 

55 

7 

4 

5 

55 

3 

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10 

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6 
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28 

12 
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9 

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9 

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9 

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6 

48 

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13 

0 

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13 

48 

i's 

32 

8 

5 

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8 

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3 

7 

11 

6 

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0 

13 

11 

55 

17 

48 

9 

5 

3 

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7 

34 

7 

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0 

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12 

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42 

11 

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"  26 

8 

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9 

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6 

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8 

27 

2 

42 

12 

07 

18 

46 

9 

9 

4 

3 

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9 

08 

9 

42 

3 

42 

12 

68 

19 

22 

10 

9 

2 

7 

59 

6 

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9 

9 

33 

9 

12 

4 

12 

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28 

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6 

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10 

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13 

13 

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08 

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10 

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11 

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11 

12 

05 

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50 

10 

56 

4 
5 

41 

26 

11 

36 

17 

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50 
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13 

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D-c.  ] 

21 

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ii 

5 

41 

12 

21 

17 

51 

10 

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2 

61 

4 

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3 

53 

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11 

6 

26 

11 

50 

18 

05 

12 

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25 

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10 

6 

10 

11 

17 

17 

17 

9 

6 

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1 

61 

0 

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7 

58 

1 

10 

7 

10 

11 

45 

17 

45 

13 

6 

0 

0 

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30 

1 

10 

7 

10 

11 

12 

17 

12 

9 

4 

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4 

60 

4 

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2 

03 

1 

55 

8 

40 

11 

25 

18 

10 

12 

8 

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1 

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32 

1 

54 

6 

39 

10 

51 

15 

36 

8 

3 

0 

1 

59 

6 

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9 

03 

2 

09 

9 

09 

10 

37 

17 

37 

13 

7 

1 

6 

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2 

39 

8 

54 

10 

3G 

16 

51 

9 

1 

1 

3 

58 

7 

—19 

4 

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3 

39 

9 

39 

11 

08 

17 

08 

11 

1 

1 

0 

"   C 

2t) 

3 

09 

8 

24 

10 

09 

15 

24 

6 

1 

2 

3 

57 

7 

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9 

:,i 

4 

24 

11 

39 

10 

58 

18 

13 

10 

3 

1 

0 

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11 

0 

:« 

12 

46 

6 

8 

56 

9 

—  9 

8 

:;> 

T 

II 

OS 

13 

39 

18 

16 

10 

6 

"3 

"4 

"   8 

7 

7 

nil 

'  ■ 

- ' 

1 
0 

118 
38 

11 

45 

18 
18 

54 
00 

7 

6 

3 

2 

5 
9 

56 

1 

—  4 

4 

•   9 

7 

42 

"s 

37 

1 

07 

13 

15 

18 

07 

ii 

"2 

3 

I) 

55 

4 

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0 

8 

04 

8 

07 

2 

07 

12 

25 

18 

45 

11 

8 

5 

2 

'   10 

8 

25 

9 

37 

2 

07 

13 

33 

18 

25 

11 

1 

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3 

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9 

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3 

8 

46 

9 

07 

2 

07 

12 

42 

18 

03 

9 

2 

5 

3 

RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OF   THE   TIDES. 


43 


Series  I. — From  October  1 0 

TO  December  28,  1853. 

Moon 

passes 

Apparent  time  of 

Lunitidal 

interval. 

Height  of 

the  meridian. 

Moon's 
pJira  '"  ^ 

Moon's        1 

Bate. 

.... 

declinfl 

"""    1 

Appar 

time. 

H.  water. 

L.  water.  | 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

at  noon. 

at  noon.       1 

1853. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

II. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

Ft.  ,  Dec. 

Min. 

Dec. 

Degree. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

11 

9 

06 

9 

51 

3 

36 

13 

05 

19 

11 

9 

5 

1 

7 

54 

5 

+  11 

2 

9 

27 

9 

36 

3 

36 

12 

30 

18 

50 

7 

8 

1 

8 

12 

9 

49 

11 

06 

4 

06 

13 

39 

19 

00 

9 

9 

0 

3 

54 

2 

+15 

7 

10 

10 

11 

06 

4 

36 

13' 

17 

19 

09 

9 

6 

2 

8 

13 

10 

31 

10 

35 

4 

05 

12 

35 

18 

16 

11 

0 

3 

5 

54 

0 

+19 

6 

10 

54 

10 

20 

4 

35 

11 

49 

18 

25 

8 

6 

2 

8 

14 

11 

17 

11 

05 

4 

35 

12 

11 

18 

04 

12 

5 

2 

3 

53 

9 

+22 

6 

11 

41 

11 

05 

6 

05 

11 

48 

19 

11 

8 

9 

2 

4 

15 

... 

... 

... 

5 

05 

... 

... 

17 

48 

... 

2 

4 

53 

9 

+  Zi 

7 

0 

06 

1 

04 

6 

04 

13 

23 

18 

23 

13 

2 

5 

5 

16 

0 

30 

0 

04 

5 

04 

11 

58 

16 

58 

12 

5 

3 

4 

54 

0 

+25 

6 

0 

65 

0 

19 

7 

19 

11 

49 

18 

49 

12 

8 

1 

6 

17 

1 

1 

20 
44 

0 

34 

6 
5 

03 

18 

11 

39 

17 
15 

08 
58 

7 

5 

2 
0 

7 
6 

54 

2 

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4 

18 

2 
2 

09 
34 

"i 

03 

7 

03 

i'i 

19 

17 

19 

... 

54 

5 

+24 

0 

19 

2 

58 

"2 

03 

"7 

32 

i'i 

29 

17 

58 

... 

54 

8 

+21 

5 

3 

22 

1      32 

8 

02 

10 

34 

17 

04 

... 

... 

20 

3 

46 

2 

17 

8 

32 

10 

55 

17 

10 

10 

"9 

"i 

4 

55 

3 

+18 

0 

4 

09 

2 

47 

6 

02 

11 

01 

14 

16 

10 

4 

... 

21 

4 

32 

3 

02 

8 

31 

10 

53 

16 

22 

11 

6 

■4 

5 

55 

9 

+13 

7 

4 

54 

3 

46 

9 

31 

11 

14 

16 

59 

11 

5 

4 

4 

22 

5 

17 

4 

31 

9 

16 

11 

37 

16 

22 

9 

1 

5 

1 

56 

5 

+  s 

7 

5 

39 

4 

31 

11 

01 

11 

14 

17 

44 

11 

6 

4 

2 

23 

6 

01 

5 

31 

11 

30 

11 

52 

17 

51 

7 

5 

3 

1 

57 

4 

+  3 

2 

6 

24 

4 

30 

11 

30 

10 

29 

17 

29 

8 

8 

2 

9 

24 

6 

47 

7 

00 

... 

12 

36 

7 

8 

58 

3 

—  2 

6 

7 

10 

6 

30 

0 

00 

11 

43 

17 

36 

9 

3 

"4 

6 

25 

7 

34 

8 

00 

1 

15 

12 

50 

18 

28 

8 

0 

2 

4 

59 

2 

—  8 

5 

7 

59 

7 

30 

0 

15 

11 

56 

17 

05 

7 

3 

4 

1 

26 

8 

23 

8 

29 

1 

44 

12 

30 

18 

10 

11 

5 

3 

2 

60 

0 

—14 

1 

8 

50 

8 

14 

2 

44 

11 

51 

18 

45 

9 

2 

4 

8 

27 

9 

18 

9 

28 

1 

59 

12 

38 

17 

36 

11 

2 

1 

8 

60 

7 

—19 

1 

9 

46 

9 

28 

3 

58 

12 

10 

19 

08 

9 

1 

2 

9 

2S 

10 

16 

10 

13 

3 

28 

12 

27 

18 

10 

11 

6 

1 

9 

61 

2 

—22 

9 

10 

48 

10 

58 

4 

58 

12 

42 

19 

12 

10 

6 

4 

9 

Series  II. 

— Fi 

lOU  Jani 

JARY 

28  TO  April  7,  1854. 

Jan. 

27 

10 
11 

58 
30 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

60 

7 

—25 

0 

(( 

28 

... 

0 

17 

5 

17 

13 

19 

18 

i'9 

10 

"g 

"i 

0 

60 

4 

—22 

5 

0 

01 

0 

17 

6 

17 

12 

47 

18 

47 

12 

4 

2 

6 

(t 

29 

0 

31 

0 

17 

6 

17 

12 

16 

18 

16 

11 

9 

1 

3 

59 

9 

—18 

6 

1 

01 

0 

2 

8 

02 

11 

31 

19 

31 

13 

3 

— 1 

8 

(( 

30 

1 

27 

0 

16 

6 

01 

11 

15 

17 

00 

9 

0 

0 

5 

59 

1 

—13 

7 

1 

55 

1 

16 

7 

46 

11 

49 

18 

19 

13 

9 

— 0 

4 

(( 

31 

2 

20 

0 

46 

7 

16 

10 

51 

17 

21 

9 

7 

— 0 

3 

58 

2 

—  8 

1 

2 

45 

1 

16 

8 

16 

10 

56 

17 

56 

13 

7 

1 

5 

Feb. 

1 

3 

08 

f) 

46 

8 

46 

12 

01 

18 

01 

11 

1 

1 

3 

57 

3 

—  2 

4 

3 

32 

2 

46 

9 

01 

11 

38 

17 

53 

12 

9 

2 

1 

11 

2 

3 

54 

4 

01 

9 

01 

12 

29 

17 

29 

10 

0 

2 

0 

56 

4 

+  3 

3 

4 

16 

2 

46 

10 

01 

10 

52 

18 

07 

10 

6 

0 

3 

U 

3 

4 

38 

4 

01 

8 

46 

11 

45 

16 

30 

8 

5 

3 

4 

55 

6 

+  8 

7 

5 

00 

3 

46 

9 

31 

11 

08 

16 

53 

8 

6 

2 

2 

11 

4 

5 

21 

4 

46 

9 

01 

11 

46 

16 

01 

9 

2 

3 

8 

55 

0 

+13 

6 

5 

43 

5 

16 

12 

16 

11 

55 

18 

55 

8 

9 

3 

8 

11 

5 

6 

06 

6 

16 

12 

16 

12 

33 

18 

33 

10 

5 

5 

0 

54 

5 

+17 

8 

6 

28 

5 

16 

11 

46 

11 

10 

17 

40 

10 

7 

4 

5 

It 

6 

6 

51 

8 

16 

11 

46 

13 

48 

17 

18 

9 

5 

3 

8 

54 

3 

+21 

3 

7 

14 

8 

01 

11 

16 

13 

10 

16 

25 

7 

2 

3 

7 

It 

7 

7 

38 

7 

46 

... 

12 

32 

... 

... 

9 

4 

... 

54 

1 

+23 

9 

8 

02 

7 

31 

"3 

01 

11 

53 

19 

47 

8 

2 

5 

8 

u 


RECORD    AND   REDUCTION    OF   THE    TIDES. 


Series  11. — Fkom  January  28 

TO  April  7,  1854. 

Moon 

passes 

Apparent  time  of 

Lunitidal  interval. 

Height  of 

the  meridian. 

Moon's 

Moon's 

Date. 

parallax 

declination 

Appar.  time. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

at  noon. 

at  noon. 

1854. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H.   M. 

Ft.  Deo. 

Ft.  Dec. 

Min. 

Deo. 

Degree. 

Deo. 

Feb.  8 

8 

26 

10 

! 
01 

2 

46 

13 

59 

19 

OS 

9 

5 

4 

/ 

54 

1 

+25 

4 

8 

50 

9 

15 

3 

15 

12 

49 

19 

13 

6 

7 

3 

3 

9 

9 

15 

10 

15 

3 

15 

13 

25 

18 

49 

9 

7 

3 

S 

54 

3 

+25 

7 

9 

41 

9 

45 

4 

45 

12 

30 

19 

55- 

7 

2 

3 

3 

"   10 

10 

06 

10 

15 

6 

15 

12 

34 

21 

00 

9 

2 

3 

7 

54 

6 

+24 

9 

10 

32 

11 

45 

5 

15 

13 

39 

19 

31 

6 

6 

1 

5 

"   11 

10 

57 

11 

45 

5 

00 

13 

IS 

18 

54 

10 

5 

1 

3 

54 

9 

+22 

8 

11 

22 

11 

45 

4 

45 

12 

48 

18 

13 

7 

7 

1 

8 

"   12 

11 

46 

10 

45 

5 

00 

11 

23 

18 

03 

11 

5 

2 

8 

55 

4 

+  19 

8 

11 

15 

6 

30 

11 

29 

19 

08 

8 

4 

2 

3 

"   13 

0 

i'o 

11 

15 

5 

45 

11 

05 

17 

59 

12 

6 

0 

7 

55 

8 

+15 

6 

0 

33 

10 

45 

5 

15 

10 

12 

17 

05 

10 

6 

4 

1 

''       14 

0 

58 

6 

46 

18 

13 

2 

4 

56 

3 

+10 

7 

1 

21 

0 

46 

7 

16 

11 

48 

18 

18 

13 

•  6 

2 

6 

"   15 

1 

44 

0 

31 

6 

46 

11 

10 

17 

25 

11 

8 

3 

2 

56 

8 

+  5    3 

2 

06 

1 

16 

7 

46 

11 

32 

18 

02 

12 

9 

4 

1 

1 

"   16 

2 

29 

0 

16 

7 

46 

10 

10 

17 

40 

13 

1 

2 

2 

57 

3 

—  0 

3 

2 

51 

2 

01 

8 

16 

11 

32 

17 

47 

13 

1 

2 

3 

„   17 

3 

14 

3 

16 

7 

16 

12 

25 

16 

25 

12 

6 

3 

9 

57 

7 

—  6 

0 

3 

37 

9 

16 

18 

02 

11 

7 

0 

3 

"   IS 

4 

00 

3 

01 

9 

01 

i'i 

24 

17 

24 

10 

6 

2 

7 

58 

2 

—11 

7 

4 

24 

2 

16 

9 

16 

10 

16 

17 

16 

10 

2 

3 

0 

"   19 

4 

49 

3 

16 

10 

46 

10 

52 

IS 

22 

11 

3 

4 

5 

58 

7 

—16 

8 

5 

16 

3 

16 

10 

16 

10 

27 

17 

27 

10 

7 

3 

0 

"   20 

5 
6 

42 
10 

3 
3 

46 
46 

9 

16 

10 
10 

30 
04 

16 

00 

10 
10 

8 
7 

5 

5 

59 

1 

—20 

9 

"   21 

6 

7 

39 
09 

Hi 

46 

... 

17 

36 

'4 

"3 

59 

5 

-24 

1 

"   22 

7 

40 

59 

8 

—25 

7 

8 

10 

"7 

46 

'4 

16 

12 

06 

21 

07 

"9 

i 

"4 

"7 

"   23 

8 

41 

10 

16 

2 

46 

14 

06 

19 

06 

10 

7 

4 

1 

59 

9 

—25 

6 

9 

12 

8 

41 

4 

46 

12 

05 

20 

36 

8 

9 

5 

7 

"   24 

9 

45 

9 

17 

1 

17 

12 

05 

16 

36 

10 

3 

3 

3 

59 

9 

—23 

7 

10 

15 

10 

17 

3 

47 

12 

32 

18 

35 

9 

7 

2 

8 

"   25 

10 

45 

10 

17 

3 

47 

12 

02 

17 

52 

11 

2 

2 

8 

59 

6 

—20 

3 

11 

13 

10 

47 

4 

17 

12 

02 

18 

02 

10 

4 

2 

0 

"   26 

11 

41 

12 

47 

4 

47 

13 

34 

18 

02 

11 

9 

1 

0 

59 

2 

—15 

7 

11 

47 

6 

02 

12 

06 

18 

49 

11 

3 

3 

0 

"   27 

0 

07 

11 

47 

5 

02 

11 

40 

17 

21 

12 

7 

— 0 

4 

58 

6 

.—10 

3 

0 

33 

11 

47 

6 

02 

11 

14 

17 

55 

10 

3 

— 0 

9 

"   28 

0 

57 

12 

32 

6 

17 

11 

35 

17 

44 

13 

0 

0 

1 

57 

9 

—  4 

5 

1 

22 

11 

47 

7 

02 

10 

25 

18 

05 

12 

4 

1 

1 

March  1 

1 

45 

7 

02 

17 

40 

0 

5 

57 

1 

+  1 

4 

2 

09 

"i 

32 

8 

47 

11 

47 

19 

02 

12 

"9 

1 

3 

"    2 

2 

31 

1 

18 

7 

48 

11 

09 

17 

39 

12 

0 

2 

5 

56 

4 

+  7 

0 

2 

53 

1 

33 

9 

18 

11 

02 

18 

47 

13 

0 

1 

9 

3 

3 

15 

2 

03 

8 

18 

11 

10 

17 

25 

10 

6 

2 

5 

55 

7 

+12 

2 

3 

38 

2 

18 

9 

03 

11 

03 

17 

48 

10 

9 

1 

5 

4 

4 

00 

3 

03 

7 

48 

11 

25 

16 

10 

11 

1 

3 

9 

55 

0 

+16 

7 

4 

23 

2 

48 

8 

48 

10 

48 

16 

48 

11 

1 

1 

0 

5 

4 

46 

3 

48 

8 

48 

11 

25 

16 

25 

9 

2 

3 

1 

54 

6 

+20 

5 

5 

09 

3 

03 

9 

48 

10 

17 

17 

02 

10 

1 

3 

9 

6 

5 

32 

4 

18 

10 

03 

11 

09 

16 

54 

10 

5 

6 

1 

54 

3 

+23 

4 

5 

56 

5 

19 

10 

34 

11 

47 

17 

02 

9 

6 

4 

1 

7 

6 
6 

22 
47 

4 

49 

10 

49 

10 

53 

16 

53 

8 

8 

5 

8 

54 

2 

+25 

3 

9 

8 
8 

03 

28 

... 

+25 

5 

"   10 

8 

53 

"9 

49 

"4 

21 

13 

21 

20 

18 

"9 

9 

"3 

y 

54 

9 

+23 

8 

9 

18 

10 

50 

4 

35 

13 

57 

20 

07 

8 

8 

5 

(1 

"   11 

9 
10 

42 
08 

10 

50 

4 

35 

13 

32 

19 

42 

10 

6 

5 

4 

55 

4 

+21 

0 

"   14 

11 

II 

43 

06 

12 

21 

.A 

i'2 

1 

ir, 

... 

11 

"2 

+  7 

1 

RECORD    AND   REDUCTION    OP   TTIE    TIDES. 


45 


Series  II 

— From  January  28  to  April  7,  1854. 

Moon 

passes 

Apparent  time  of 

Lunitidal  interval. 

Height  of 

the  meridian. 

Moon's 

Moon's   1 

Date. 

parallax 

declin 

ition  1 

1854. 

Appar 

.  time. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

at  noon. 

at  noon.   1 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Deo. 

Ft. 

Deo. 

Min. 

Dec. 

Degree. 

Deo. 

Mar.  1.5 

0 
0 

29 
52 

11 

21 

6 

8 

21 

06 

10 

52 

18 
19 

15 
37 

12 

7 

2 
2 

3 

7 

57 

6 

+  1 

2 

"  It; 

1 

15 

"6 

36 

8 

21 

11 

44 

19 

29 

i'o 

5 

3 

2 

58 

1 

—  4 

6 

1 

38 

1 

21 

6 

36 

12 

06 

17 

21 

8 

4 

3 

0 

"   17 

2 

02 

1 

36 

8 

21 

11 

58 

18 

43 

12 

0 

0 

7 

58 

5 

—10 

5 

2 

26 

8 

21 

... 

18 

19 

10 

4 

1 

2 

"   18 

2 

52 

"i 

52 

9 

22 

n 

26 

18 

56 

12 

1 

1 

6 

58 

8 

—15 

8 

3 

18 

1 

52 

8 

07 

11 

00 

17 

15 

9 

5 

3 

1 

"   19 

3 

44 

2 

22 

7 

52 

11 

04 

16 

34 

12 

3 

2 

7 

59 

0 

—20 

4 

4 

12 

2 

37 

8 

37 

10 

53 

16 

53 

10 

7 

2 

6 

"   20 

4 

40 

4 

22 

12 

10 

... 

12 

4 

59 

2 

—23 

8 

**   22 

7 

11 

... 

... 

—26 

0 

"   23 

7 

42 

7 

23 

12 

12 

... 

9 

5 

59 

2 

—24 

6 

8 

12 

8 

23 

"i 

53 

12 

41 

18 

42 

8 

5 

"5 

3 

"   24 

8 

42 

7 

64 

2 

09 

11 

42 

18 

27 

10 

2 

4 

8 

59 

0 

—21 

6 

9 

11 

10 

39 

2 

24 

13 

67 

18 

12 

9 

2 

5 

3 

"   25 

9 

39 

9 

54 

3 

64 

12 

43 

19 

12 

10 

3 

5 

1 

58 

7 

—17 

5 

10 

05 

9 

54 

3 

54 

12 

15 

18 

43 

9 

6 

4 

3 

"   26 

10 

31 

9 

24 

4 

24 

11 

19 

18 

45 

11 

7 

3 

8 

58 

3 

—12 

4 

10 

65 

11 

24 

4 

39 

12 

53 

18 

34 

11 

4 

3 

4 

"   27 

11 

19 

10 

64 

4 

54 

11 

69 

18 

23 

11 

9 

2 

2 

57 

8 

—  6 

7 

11 

43 

11 

25 

5 

25 

12 

06 

18 

30 

10 

9 

1 

3 

"   28 

0 

07 

11 

25 

5 
6 

65 
25 

11 

42 

18 
18 

36 

42 

12 

0 

2 
— 1 

0 
3 

67 

3 

—  0 

8 

**   29 

0 

29 

0 

40 

6 

26 

12 

33 

18 

18 

12 

"6 

3 

5 

66 

7 

+  -i 

9 

0 

52 

0 

40 

6 

25 

12 

11 

17 

56 

14 

5 

— 0 

2 

"   30 

1 

14 

1 

55 

7 

55 

13 

03 

19 

03 

12 

5 

3 

3 

56 

1 

+  10 

4 

1 

36 

0 

0 

7 

41 

10 

46 

18 

27 

13 

5 

1 

3 

"   31 

1 

59 

1 

41 

7 

56 

12 

05 

18 

20 

11 

5 

1 

5 

55 

5 

+15 

3 

2 

22 

1 

56 

8 

56 

11 

67 

18 

67 

13 

0 

3 

3 

April  4 

5 

11 

54 

3 

+26 

1 

5 

36 

3 

57 

i'o 

12 

io 

46 

17 

oi 

9 

"3 

"4 

"2 

5 

6 

01 

5 

42 

10 

42 

12 

06 

17 

06 

9 

7 

5 

0 

54 

3 

+26 

1 

6 

27 

5 

42 

10 

42 

11 

41 

16 

41 

6 

9 

5 

7 

6 

6 

52 

6 

28 

12 

01 

8 

8 

54 

6 

+24 

8 

7 

17 

8 

58 

"i 

28 

14 

06 

20 

01 

6 

7 

"e      0 

7 

7 

41 

8 

13 

0 

0 

12 

56 

17 

08 

8 

6 

6   5 

55 

0 

+22 

3 

8 

07 

9 

58 

2 

28 

14 

17 

19 

11 

7 

5 

5   5 

Series  II] 

' From  April  20  to  August  3,  1854. 

April  19 

6 

17 

"   20 

() 

45 

... 

... 

58 

8 

—22 

6 

7 

13 

6 

01 

0 

16 

11 

16 

17 

69 

"s 

1 

5 

1 

"   21 

7 

41 

7 

31 

0 

31 

12 

18 

17 

46 

10 

0 

4 

5 

58 

4 

—18 

7 

8 

07 

7 

46 

1 

31 

12 

05 

18 

18 

7 

2 

4 

0 

"   22 

8 

35 

8 

02 

1 

17 

11 

55 

17 

36 

10 

4 

4 

0 

57 

9 

—13 

8 

8 

69 

9 

47 

3 

17 

13 

12 

19 

10 

9 

8 

4 

0 

"   23 

9 

24 

8 

17 

3 

02 

11 

18 

18 

27 

10 

7 

4 

1 

57 

4 

—  8 

5 

9 

47 

19 

17 

4 

32 

12 

53 

19 

33 

9 

6 

1 

8 

"   24 

10 

10 

9 

02 

3 

32 

11 

15 

18 

08 

11 

1 

2 

5 

57 

0 

2 

6 

10 

32 

9 

32 

4 

32 

11 

22 

18 

45 

9 

9 

1 

7 

"   25 

10 
11 

54 
16 

02 

5 
5 

32 
04 

11 

30 

19 
18 

22 
32 

12 

2 

1 
1 

6 

8 

56 

4 

+  3 

1 

"   2fi 

11 

38 

4 

02 

... 

17 

OS 

... 

2 

6 

56 

0 

+  s 

7 

12 

00 

0 

02 

6 

32 

12 

46 

19 

16 

12 

0 

0 

1 

"   27 

1 

02 

6 

47 

13 

24 

19 

09 

11 

5 

1 

0 

55 

5 

+13 

8 

0 

22 

0 

32 

5 

02 

12 

32 

17 

02 

12 

2 

2 

2 

"   28 

0 

45 

... 

5 

03 

... 

16 

41 

2 

0 

65 

0 

+18 

3 

1 

09 

"i 

03 

7 

03 

12 

18 

18 

18 

li 

"e 

2 

0 

"   29 

1 

33 

0 

33 

7 

33 

11 

24 

18 

24 

13 

0 

2 

1 

64 

7 

+21 

9 

1 

56 

0 

03 

5 

33 

10 

30 

16 

00 

12 

0 

1 

5 

J 

46 


RECORD   AND  REDUCTION   OF   THE   TIDES. 


Series  III 

. — From  April  20  to 

August  3,  1854. 

Moon 

passes 

Apparent  time  of 

Lunitidal  interval. 

Heiglit  of 

the  meridian. 

Moon  s 
parallax 
at  noon. 

Moon  s 
declination 

Date. 

1854. 

Appar 

time. 

H.  wat«r. 

L.  water. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

at  noon. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

Min. 

Dec. 

Degree. 

Dec. 

April  30 

2 

20 

0 

03 

5 

33 

10 

07 

15 

37 

12 

9 

1 

9 

54 

4 

+24 

5 

2 

45 

0 

33 

5 

17 

10 

13 

14 

57 

11 

3 

1 

7 

May 

1 

3 

09 

1 

18 

9 

03 

10 

33 

18 

18 

12 

6 

3 

9 

54 

2 

+  26 

0 

3 

34 

0 

33 

7 

03 

9 

24 

15 

54 

9 

4 

3 

7 

2 

3 

59 

2 

33 

9 

03 

10 

59 

17 

29 

12 

4 

1 

8 

54 

2 

+26 

3 

4 

25 

2 

33 

8 

33 

10 

34 

16 

34 

10 

3 

4 

3 

3 

4 

50 

3 

48 

9 

03 

11 

23 

16 

38 

9 

6 

5 

3 

54 

3 

+25 

4 

5 

15 

3 

03 

9 

03 

10 

13 

16 

13 

9 

1 

6 

5 

4 
6 

5 
6 

7 

7 

39 
04 

14 

38 

4 

33 

... 

11 

18 

... 

10 

5 

... 

... 

64 
55 

6 
6 

+23 
+16 

4 
3 

1 

8 

02 

"e 

34 

0 

49 

io 

56 

17 

35 

8 

9 

"e 

0 

56 

4 

+11 

4 

8 

25 

9 

34 

2 

04 

13 

32 

18' 

26 

7 

9 

3 

6 

8 

8 

48 

8 

34 

1 

04 

12 

09 

17 

02 

11 

5 

5 

2 

57 

3 

+  6 

0 

9 

10 

10 

19 

4 

04 

13 

31 

19 

39 

8 

1 

2 

7 

9 

9 

33 

8 

34 

2 

04 

11 

24 

17 

16 

11 

3 

4 

4 

58 

1 

0 

0 

9 

56 

9 

04 

3 

19 

11 

31 

18 

09 

9 

4 

1 

8 

10 

10 

19 

10 

49 

5 

34 

12 

53 

20 

01 

8 

9 

2 

0 

58 

5 

—  6 

0 

10 

43 

12 

04 

3 

34 

13 

45 

17 

38 

11 

8 

2 

2 

11 

11 

09 

11 

04 

4 

34 

12 

21 

18 

15 

10 

5 

1 

9 

59 

7 

—12 

0 

11 

35 

10 

49 

5 

04 

11 

40 

18 

21 

13 

7 

1 

3 

12 

12 

02 

12 

04 

5 

49 

12 

29 

18 

40 

11 

0 

1 

0 

60 

2 

—17 

4 

... 

11 

34 

4 

34 

11 

32 

16 

59 

13 

1 

0 

9 

13 

"6 

30 

10 

49 

... 

10 

19 

... 

12 

4 

... 

60 

5 

—22 

0 

1 

00 

11 

04 

5 

19 

10 

04 

ie 

49 

13 

6 

i 

"3 

14 

1 

30 

... 

... 

60 

6 

—25 

0 

2 

01 

"6 

4 

"e 

19 

io 

34 

16 

49 

11 

"3 

0 

"s 

15 

2 

33 

0 

49 

7 

34 

10 

48 

17 

33 

13 

9 

1 

7 

60 

4 

—26 

3 

3 

05 

1 

49 

8 

19 

11 

16 

17 

46 

12 

3 

6 

5 

16 

3 

38 

0 

49 

8 

04 

9 

44 

16 

59 

12 

4 

1 

8 

60 

0 

—25 

8 

4 

09 

2 

34 

7 

19 

10 

56 

15 

41 

10 

4 

2 

3 

17 

4 

41 

2 

49 

9 

04 

10 

40 

16  i  55 

12 

8 

1 

8 

59 

4 

—23 

5 

5 

10 

2 

49 

8 

19 

10 

08 

15 

38 

10 

6 

2 

0 

18 

5 

40 

3 

49 

10 

49 

10 

39 

17 

39 

12 

5 

1 

8 

58 

8 

—19 

8 

6 

07 

3 

49 

9 

19 

10 

09 

15 

39 

9 

6 

4 

2 

19 

6 

34 

5 

19 

11 

12 

... 

11 

7 

58 

1 

—15 

0 

6 

59 

6 

19 

0 

04 

11 

45 

17 

57 

10 

2 

"3 

0 

20 

7 

24 

7 

19 

0 

34 

12 

20 

18 

00 

9 

8 

5 

2 

57 

5 

—  9 

7 

7 

47 

8 

34 

3 

04 

13 

10 

20 

05 

8 

7 

3 

8 

21 

8 

10 

7 

34 

2 

19 

11 

47 

18 

55 

11 

1 

4 

4 

56 

9 

—  4 

0 

8 

32 

8 

34 

2 

34 

12 

24 

18 

47 

8 

6 

3 

7 

22 

8 

55 

8 

04 

1 

34 

11 

32 

17 

24 

10 

6 

3 

4 

56 

3 

+  1 

6 

9 

16 

9 

04 

3 

19 

12 

09 

18 

47 

9 

3 

2 

5 

23 

9 

38 

8 

04 

3 

04 

10 

48 

18 

09 

11 

3 

3 

5 

55 

8 

+  7 

3 

9 

59 

10 

19 

4 

19 

12 

41 

19 

03 

11 

4 

3 

3 

24 

10 

21 

8 

48 

4 

48 

10 

49 

19 

10 

9 

9 

4 

0 

55 

3 

+12 

4 

10 

43 

11 

48 

4 

18 

13 

27 

18 

19 

12 

9 

2 

0 

25 

11 

05 

10 

18 

5 

03 

11 

35 

18 

42 

10 

0 

2 

0 

54 

9 

+17 

1 

11 

28 

11 

03 

5 

33 

11 

58 

IS 

60 

10 

8 

2 

0 

26 

11 

51 

12 

45 

5 

03 

13 

17 

17 

58 

9 

7 

2 

7 

54 

6 

+20 

9 

12 

45 

6 

33 

12 

54 

19 

05 

12 

5 

3 

4 

27 

0 
0 

15 

39 

1.0 

48 

6 
4 

18 
18 

10 

33 

18 
16 

27 
03 

9 

7 

2 
0 

4 
5 

54 

3 

+23 

9 

28 

1 

04 

"6 

33 

6 

48 

i'i 

54 

18 

09 

io 

7 

1 

6 

54 

1 

+25 

7 

1 

29 

0 

03 

4 

48 

10 

59 

15 

44 

8 

7 

2 

3 

29 

1 

54 

0 

03 

7 

03 

10 

34  17 

34 

10 

9 

1 

5 

64 

0 

+26 

3 

2 

19 

0 

48 

7 

18 

10 

64 

17 

24 

8 

5 

1 

6 

30 

2 

44 

1 

03 

8 

18 

10 

44 

17 

59 

12 

0 

2 

5 

54 

0 

+25 

8 

3 

09 

2 

18 

6 

48 

11 

34 

16 

04 

8 

5 

2 

5 

31 

3 

34 

3 

18 

9 

18 

12 

09 

18 

09 

11 

5 

2 

5 

54 

2 

+24 

1 

3 

59 

2 

33 

8 

33 

10 

59 

16 

59 

8 

5 

3 

5 

Juuo  1 

4 

22 

2 

18 

9 

47 

10 

19 

17 

48 

11 

0 

4 

0 

54 

6 

+21 

4 

4 

47 

4 

17 

10 

02 

11 

65 

17 

40 

8 

0 

3 

6 

RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OP  THE   TIDES. 


47 


Series  III. — I 

'ROM  April  20  to 

August  3,  1854. 

Moon 

passes 

Apparent  time  of 

Lunitidal  interval. 

Height  of 

the  meridian. 

Moon's 
parallax 

Moon's   1 
declina* 

Date. 

I'lUU   1 

185-^ 

Appar 

time. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

at  noon. 

at  noon.   | 

U. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

Ft. 

Deo. 

-Min. 

Dec. 

Degree. 

Deo. 

June 

2 

5 

09 

4 

02 

10 

32 

11 

15 

17 

45 

9 

8 

3 

7 

54 

9 

+17 

6 

5 

32 

4 

47 

10 

17 

11 

38 

17 

08 

7 

8 

4 

8 

3 

5 

54 

... 

... 

... 

9 

6 

4 

5 

55 

5 

+13 

1 

() 

16 

"i 

02 

10 

02 

io 

08 

16 

08 

8 

1 

5 

2 

4 

() 

38 

... 

... 

... 

9 

4 

... 

56 

3 

+  8 

0 

7 

00 

7 

32 

12 

02 

12 

54 

17 

24 

8 

6 

"5 

6 

5 

7 

22 

8 

02 

13 

02 

9 

7 

... 

57 

2 

+  2 

3 

7 

44 

9 

02 

0 

32 

13 

40 

17 

32 

9 

2 

4 

7 

6 

8 

07 

9 

02 

1 

32 

13 

18 

18 

10 

10 

1 

6 

1 

58 

2 

—  3 

6 

8 

30 

8 

02 

2 

32 

11 

55 

18 

48 

10 

4 

4 

0 

7 

8 

54 

9 

02 

4 

02 

12 

32 

19 

55 

10 

2 

4 

3 

59 

0 

—  9 

5 

9 

18 

9 

02 

3 

02 

12 

08 

18 

32 

11 

1 

3 

4 

8 

9 

44 

8 

01 

2 

47 

10 

43 

17 

53 

9 

3 

4 

0 

59 

9 

—15 

2 

10 

10 

10 

01 

2 

31 

12 

17 

17 

13 

11 

6 

1 

8 

9 

10 

38 

... 

... 

60 

6 

—20 

1 

11 

07 

9 

01 

3 

01 

10 

23 

16 

51 

12 

9 

1 

4 

10 

11 

38 

10 

01 

5 

01 

10 

54 

18 

23 

11 

7 

2 

1 

61 

1 

—23 

9 

13 

31 

6 

01 

13 

53 

18 

54 

11 

4 

0 

6 

11 

0 

io 

10 

31 

6 

01 

10 

21 

18 

23 

9 

4 

1 

8 

61 

2 

—26 

0 

0 

43 

13 

01 

6 

31 

12 

18 

18 

21 

13 

2 

2 

0 

12 

1 

16 

11 

31 

6 

31 

10 

15 

17 

48 

10 

4 

1 

6 

61 

1 

—26 

2 

1 

49 

6 

31 

17 

15 

12 

2 

0 

4 

13 

2 

21 

8 

30 

18 

41 

0 

2 

60 

6 

—24 

5 

2 

52 

1 

00 

8 

00 

10 

39 

17 

39 

10 

3 

1 

1 

14 

3 

24 

1 

30 

7 

30 

10 

38 

16 

38 

12 

1 

1 

6 

GO 

0 

—21 

0 

3 

53 

0 

30 

8 

00 

9 

06 

16 

36 

10 

3 

1 

3 

15 

4 

23 

2 

30 

9 

00 

10 

37 

17 

07 

12 

3 

1 

3 

59 

2 

—16 

5 

4 

49 

1 

30 

8 

00 

9 

07 

15 

37 

8 

5 

2 

3 

IG 

5 

16 

4 

0 

9 

45 

11 

11 

16 

56 

11 

7 

2 

5 

58 

3 

—11 

2 

5 

40 

2 

0 

9 

00 

8 

44 

15 

44 

8 

9 

3 

7 

17 

U 

04 

3 

0 

9 

00 

9 

20 

15 

20 

11 

4 

2 

8 

57 

4 

—  5 

4 

6 

27 

2 

30 

11 

29 

8 

26 

17 

25 

9 

3 

4 

6 

18 

6 

49 

4. 

59 

11 

29 

10 

32 

17 

02 

10 

2 

3 

2 

56 

7 

+  0 

4 

7 

11 

4 

59 

11 

59 

10 

10 

17 

10 

10 

5 

5 

6 

19 

7 

33 

5 

59 

10 

48 

10 

5 

... 

56 

0 

+  6 

0 

7 

54 

7 

29 

"i 

29 

11 

56 

is 

18 

10 

0 

4 

0 

20 

8 

16 

7 

59, 

2 

14 

12 

05 

18 

41 

9 

9 

5 

2 

55 

4 

+11 

3 

8 

37 

9 

29 

3 

29 

13 

13 

19 

35 

10 

5 

4 

4 

21 

8 

59 

8 

59 

2 

44 

13 

22 

18 

28 

9 

4 

5 

8 

54 

9 

+16 

0 

9 

22 

9 

29 

2 

59 

12 

30 

18 

22 

13 

0 

3 

0 

22 

9 

44 

9 

28 

2 

58 

12 

06 

17 

59 

9 

9 

2 

9 

54 

5 

+20 

1 

10 

07 

10 

13 

4 

58 

12 

29 

19 

36 

10 

6 

3 

3 

23 

10 

31 

9 

28 

3 

58 

11 

21 

18 

14 

8 

5 

3 

6 

54 

3 

+23 

2 

10 

55 

11 

28 

5 

43 

12 

57 

19 

36 

11 

0 

2 

9 

24 

11 

19 

12 

13 

4 

28 

13 

18 

17 

57 

8 

1 

3 

6 

54 

1 

+25 

4 

11 

44 

10 

58 

5 

28 

11 

39 

18 

33 

11 

3 

2 

0 

25 

0 

io 

11 

58 

4 
6 

58 
58 

12 

14 

17 
19 

39 
14 

8 

3 

2 
3 

4 

1 

54 

0 

+26 

3 

2(5 

0 

35 

1 

13 

4 

58 

13 

03 

16 

48 

12 

"i 

2 

0 

53 

9 

+26 

0 

0 

59 

0 

57 

6 

27 

12 

22 

17 

52 

9 

9 

2 

4 

27 

1 

24 

4 

57 

15 

58 

12 

3 

1 

9 

54 

0 

+24 

6 

1 

49 

0 

27 

7 

27 

11 

03 

18 

03 

9 

8 

3 

0 

28 

2 

13 

0 

57 

7 

57 

11 

08 

18 

08 

11 

4 

3 

2 

64 

2 

+22 

1 

2 

37 

0 

57 

7 

27 

10 

44 

17 

14 

9 

2 

2 

5 

29 

3 

00 

1 

12 

7 

57 

10 

35 

17 

20 

11 

4 

3 

6 

54 

5 

41s 

6 

3 

24 

1 

42 

6 

27 

10 

42 

15 

27 

9 

1 

2 

0 

30 

3 

46 

3 

27 

8 

57 

12 

03 

17 

33 

12 

3 

3 

9 

54 

9 

+14 

3 

4 

08 

0 

12 

7 

27 

8 

26 

15 

41 

9 

4 

3 

8 

July 

1 

4 

30 

4 

42 

9 

57 

12 

34 

17 

49 

11 

6 

2 

6 

55 

5 

+  9 

4 

4 

52 

4 

57 

8 

57 

12 

27 

le. 

27 

9 

3 

5 

0 

O 

5 

12 

3 

26 

10 

41 

10 

34 

17 

49 

11 

7 

2 

2 

56 

2 

+  4 

0 

5 

33 

5 

26 

11 

26 

12 

14 

1  18 

14 

7 

3 

3 

8 

3 

5 

55 

4 

11 

10 

26 

10 

38  1  16 

53 

9 

1 

4 

8 

57 

0 

—  1 

7 

6 

17 

5 

26 

10 

56 

11 

21  i  17 

01 

9 

8 

6 

9 

4 

U 

39 

6 

41 

11 

11 

12 

24  1  16 

54 

10 

2 

4 

4 

57 

9 

—  7 

5 

_ 

7 

02 

6 

56 

... 

12 

17 

... 

... 

9 

8 

... 

48 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OF   THE    TIDES. 


Sekies  III Fkom  April  20  to  August  3,  1854. 

Moon 

passes 

Apparent  time  of 

Lunitidal  interval. 

Height  of 

the  m 

jridian. 

Moon's 

Moon's 

Date. 
1854. 

parallax 
at  noon. 

declination 
at  noon. 

Appai 

.  time. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

Min. 

Dec. 

Degree. 

Dec. 

July     5 

7 

26 

6 

56 

0 

26 

11 

54 

17 

47 

10 

1 

6 

5 

58 

8 

—13 

1 

7 

51 

7 

56 

1 

26 

12 

30 

18 

24 

10 

6 

4 

3 

"         6 

8 

18 

7 

41 

1 

66 

11 

50 

18 

30 

9 

4 

6 

0 

59 

7 

—18 

3 

8 

45 

8 

56 

1 

26 

12 

38 

17 

35 

11 

2 

3 

9 

7 

9 
9 

14 
43 

7 

55 

2 
3 

55 
10 

11 

10 

18 

18 

37 

25 

9 

2 

5 
3 

6 

0 

60 

5 

—22 

5 

8 

10 
10 

15 

47 

... 

61 

1 

—25 

3 

9 

11 

20 

io 

40 

"4 

40 

11 

53 

is 

25 

"s 

"5 

2 

"4 

61 

4 

—26 

3 

11 

54 

11 

40 

4 

25 

12 

20 

17 

38 

12 

5 

1 

2 

"       10 

... 

12 

55 

5 

25 

12 

51 

18 

05 

8 

4 

2 

2 

61 

4 

—25 

4 

0 

27 

11 

65 

5 

10 

11 

28 

17 

26 

13 

6 

1 

2 

"       11 

1 

00 

12 

25 

6 

25 

11 

25 

17 

58 

10 

1 

1 

5 

61 

0 

—22 

5 

1 

31 

12 

55 

6 

10 

11 

24 

17 

10 

13 

3 

1 

2 

"      12 

2 
2 

02 
31 

11 

40 

6 

7 

55 
10 

9 

38 

17 
17 

24 
08 

10 

1 

1 
1 

0 
2 

60 

3 

—IS 

3 

"      13 

3 

00 

i 

10 

7 

40 

io 

39 

17 

09 

13 

"e 

1 

0 

59 

5 

—12 

9 

3 

26 

1 

25 

7 

55 

10 

25 

16 

55 

10 

0 

2 

4 

"      14 

3 

52 

1 

55 

9 

10 

10 

29 

17 

44 

12 

6 

1 

8 

58 

5 

—  7 

2 

4 

15 

2 

24 

8 

54 

10 

32 

17 

02 

9 

2 

2 

5 

"      l.'i 

4 

39 

... 

57 

6 

—  1 

2 

"      17 

6 

31 

+10 

2 

"      18 

6 

53 

... 

... 

65 

3 

+16 

1 

7 

16 

"7 

24 

i 

24 

12 

31 

is 

53 

"9 

2 

4 

8 

"      19 

7 

38 

8 

54 

13 

38 

•  •• 

7 

6 

4 

6 

54 

7 

+19 

3 

8 

01 

8 

39 

i 

24 

13 

01 

18 

08 

9 

3 

4 

4 

"      20 

8 

24 

9 

54 

2 
1 

39 
54 

13 

63 

19 

17 

01 
53 

8 

7 

5 
4 

6 
5 

54 

4 

+22 

6 

"      27 

2 

04 

•  •• 

... 

... 

... 

+15 

3 

"       28 

2 

26 

... 

*.. 

... 

... 

55 

2 

+10 

4 

2 

48 

i 

64 

7 

54 

11 

28 

17 

28 

8 

"e 

"2 

"6 

"       29 

3 

09 

2 

54 

8 

09 

12 

06 

17 

21 

12 

0 

1 

7 

55 

7 

+  5 

2 

3 

30 

3 

54 

8 

64 

12 

45 

17 

45 

11 

3 

3        2 

"      30 

3 

51 

2 

09 

8 

24 

10 

39 

16 

54 

11 

1 

3       2 

56 

3 

—  0 

4 

4 

13 

2 

54 

8 

24 

11 

03 

16 

33 

9 

2 

4       1 

"      31 

4 

34 

... 

10 

6 

4       0 

56 

9 

—  6 

1 

4 

56 

"2 

39 

9 

39 

io 

05 

17 

05 

9 

0 

4       8 

Aug.     1 

5 

19 

3 

24 

10 

39 

10 

28 

17 

43 

9 

3 

4  '     4 

67 

7 

—11 

6 

5 

43 

4 

39 

9 

54 

11 

20 

16 

35 

10 

5 

6  '     1 

"         2 

6 

07 
32 

4 
5 

54 
54 

11 

09 

11 
11 

11 

47 

17 

26 

10 
9 

5 
5 

4       5 

58 

5 

—16 

8 

3 

6 

59 

5 

54 

0 

54 

11 

22 

18 

47 

8 

8 

"5       7 

59 

3 

—21 

3 

7 

27 

8 

24 

1 

09 

13 

25 

18 

37 

9 

4 

3        6 

Series  IV 

-From  September  1  to  October  22,  185 

4. 

Sept.    7 

0 
0 

23 

47 

ii 

"2 

... 

10 

15 

14 

"5 

... 

69 

3 

—  5 

7 

"          S 

1 
1 

12 
36 

11 

2 

5 
8 

32 

02 

9 

60 

16 
18 

45 
50 

14 

0 

— 1 
0 

"7 
0 

58 

5 

+  0 

5 

9 

>) 

01 

"i 

32 

8 

02 

i'i 

56 

18 

26 

13 

"5 

1 

0 

57 

7 

+  6 

6 

2 

24 

1 

32 

7 

32 

11 

31 

17 

31 

14 

0 

— 0 

5 

"       10 

2 

47 

1 

03 

7 

33 

10 

39 

17 

09 

13 

0 

— 1 

0 

56 

9 

+12 

3 

3 

10 

2 

03 

10 

03 

11 

16 

19 

16 

11 

0 

1 

0 

"       11 

3 

33 

2 

33 

8 

33 

11 

23 

17 

23 

11 

0 

0 

0 

56 

1 

+17 

2 

3 

57 

9 

03 

17 

30 

10 

5 

1 

5 

"       12 

4 

22 

"2 

04 

8 

03 

16 

07 

16 

06 

14 

0 

0 

0 

55 

4 

+21 

2 

4 

46 

4 

03 

8 

03 

11 

41 

15 

41 

10 

0 

0 

0 

):; 

5 

11 

3 

04 

7 

04 

10 

18 

14 

18 

10 

0 

0 

0 

54 

8 

+24 

2 

0 

35 

3 

34 

8 

04 

10 

23 

14 

63 

9 

0 

3 

0 

•        14 

G 

(J 

00 
25 
52 
17 

2 

04 

8 

29 

... 

7 

0 

54 

5 

+26 

1 

"      ir. 

7 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

+26 

7 

Ri:c()Hr>    AN1>    i;  E  DUCTIO  X    OF    T  II  K    TIDHS. 


49 


Series  IV.— 

From  September  7  to  October  22, 

185 

4. 

Moon  pn.ttses 

Apparent  time  of 

Lunitidal  interval. 

Height  of 

the  meridian. 

1 

Moon's       1 

Moon 
(leclinji 

tion 

Bate. 

1 

pariil 

iJl.V 

1  S  <!  '< 

Appar. 

time. 

H.  water.    L.  water. 

H.  water. 

Ii.  water. 

H.  water. 

L.  water. 

at  nuun.       | 

at  noon.       1 

loD 

! 

IT.      1 

M. 

H.      M.      H.      M. 

H. 

M. 

H.      M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

Min. 

Dec. 

Degree. 

Dec. 

Sept 

iij 

7 

4!! 

(IS 

11 

35 

16 

18 

i'o 

"0 

5 

0 

54 

2 

+26 

1 

11 

17 

s 

:u 

1 

OS 

"i 

38 

i'i 

58 

17 

53 

9 

0 

"5 

"0 

54 

3 

+24 

4 

8 

58 

8 

06 

0 

06 

11 

32 

15 

58 

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4 

5 

0 

" 

18 

9 

22 

...   1 

4 

08 

19 

32 

9 

0 

5 

0 

54 

5 

+21 

5 

1 

9 

47 

10 

06 

3 

06 

i'2 

44 

18 

OS 

12 

0 

5 

0 

n 

19 

10 

09 

8 

36 

4 

36 

10 

49 

19 

14 

10 

0 

5 

0 

54 

9 

+n 

7 

10 

33 

11 

06 

6 

06 

12 

57 

20 

19 

12 

8 

5 

0 

j 

li 

20 

10 

55 

5 

07 

18 

58 

2 

0 

55 

3 

+13 

1 

11 

17 

H 

07 

4 

07 

i'2 

i'2 

17 

34 

13 

'0 

2 

0 

11 

21 

11 

39 

11 

07 

5 

07 

11 

50 

18 

12 

11 

5 

4 

0 

55 

8 

+  7 

8 

U 

07 

3 

07 

11 

28 

15 

50 

14 

0 

0 

0 

ti 

22 

12 

00 

...    1 

... 

5 

07 

17 

28 

2 

0 

56 

4 

4-  2 

o 

0 

22 

0 

07 

5 

07 

12 

07 

17 

07 

i3 

0 

1 

0 

(( 

23 

0 

45 

1 

08 

6 

08 

32 

46 

17 

46 

12 

0 

— 0 

7 

56 

9 

—  3 

6 

1 

07 

0      08 

6 

38 

11 

23 

17 

53 

13 

0 

0 

0 

1( 

24 

1 

29 

1 

08 

7 

OS 

12 

01 

18  '  01 

11 

0 

2 

0 

57 

4 

9 

5 

1 

52 

0 

08 

7 

OS 

10 

39 

17 

39 

13 

0 

1 

0 

(( 

25 

2 

15 

2 

08 

8 

OS 

12 

16 

IS 

16 

14 

0 

0 

0 

57 

9 

—14 

9 

2 

39 

1 

08 

8 

08 

10 

53 

17 

53 

13 

0 

0 

0 

11 

26 

:$ 

06 

1 

09 

7 

09 

10 

30 

16 

30 

13 

0 

0 

0 

58 

3 

—19 

7 

3 

32 

2 

09 

8 

09 

11 

03 

17     03 

13 

0 

0 

0 

(C 

27 

3 

59 

2 

09 

8 

09 

10 

37 

16      37 

12 

0 

— 1 

0 

58 

6 

-23 

5 

4 

27 

3 

09 

8 

09 

11 

10 

16      10 

13 

0 

0 

0 

ti 

28 

4 

56 

3 

09 

8 

09 

10 

42 

15      42 

13 

0 

1 

0 

58 

9 

—26 

0 

5 

25 

4 

09 

9 

09 

11 

13 

16 

13 

12 

0 

2 

0 

« 

29 

5 

57 

2 

10 

10 

10 

8 

45 

16 

45 

10 

0 

2 

0 

59 

2 

— 2G 

8 

6 

28 

4 

10 

9 

10 

10 

13 

15 

13 

11 

5 

3 

0 

(( 

30 

6 

59 

4 

10 

11 

10 

9 

42 

16 

42 

9 

0 

3 

0 

59 

4 

-25 

8 

7 

30 

5 

40 

12 

10 

10 

41 

17 

11 

10 

0 

4 

5 

Oct. 

(C 

1 
3 

10 

20 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

59 

5 

—23 
-14 

3 
2 

It 

4 

10 

45 

"9 

41 

... 

ii 

21 

i'o 

"0 

59 

0 

—  8 

3 

11 

10 

11 

11 

4 

41 

12 

28 

i's 

2'i 

14 

0 

"0 

"6 

It 

5 

11 

36 

12 

12 

4 

11 

13 

02 

17 

26 

13 

0 

— 1 

2 

58 

6 

—  2 

0 

11 

59 

11 

43 

5 

12 

12 

06 

18 

02 

14 

0 

—2 

0 

a 

6 

0 

22 

12 

12 

5 

12 

12 

13 

17 

36 

12 

0 

— 1 

0 

57 

9 

+  4 

3 

11 

12 

7 

12 

10 

50 

19 

13 

14 

0 

— 0 

5 

11 

7 

6 

46 

6 

42 

... 

18 

20 

1 

0 

57 

3 

+10 

2 

1 

09 

"0 

12 

5 

42 

11 

26 

16 

56 

14 

"6 

0 

0 

" 

8 

1 

33 

0 

12 

8 

12 

11 

03 

19 

03 

14 

0 

— 1 

0 

56 

6 

+15 

5 

1 

57 

0 

43 

7 

13 

11 

10 

17 

40 

13 

0 

0 

0 

(( 

9 

2 

21 

0 

13 

6 

43 

10 

16 

16 

46 

10 

0 

0 

0 

55 

9 

+20 

0 

2 

45 

2 

13 

8 

13 

u 

52 

17 

52 

14 

0 

0 

0 

(( 

10 

3 

10 

1 

13 

6 

13 

10 

28 

15 

28 

13 

0 

0 

0 

55 

3 

+23 

4 

3 

35 

0 

13 

8 

13 

11 

03 

17 

03 

14 

0 

0 

5 

(( 

11 

4 

00 

1 

13 

8 

13 

9 

38 

IG 

38 

10 

0 

0 

0 

54 

8 

+25 

7 

4 

25 

1 

13 

8 

13 

9 

13 

16 

13 

14 

0 

2 

0 

a 

12 

4 

51 

2 

13 

8 

13 

10 

48 

15 

48 

14 

5 

2 

0 

54 

5 

+26 

8 

5 

17 

3 

44 

1     ' 

14 

10 

53 

16 

23 

14 

0 

4 

0 

ii 

14 

6 

58 

1 

*•• 

54 

3 

+25 

3 

(( 

15 

7 

23 

i'i 

i4 

i's 

i'e 

io 

"0 

3 

0 

54 

4 

+22 

7 

7 

47 

"s 

14 

11 

14 

12 

51 

15 

51 

10 

0 

5 

0 

■ 

(t 

1« 

8 
8 

01 
34 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

54 

8 

+19 

2 

(( 

17 

8 

57 

i'o 

15 

"3 

15 

i's 

41 

i'9 

i'4 

i'o 

0 

"3 

0 

55 

2 

+14 

8 

9 

19 

10 

15 

3 

■  15 

13 

18 

18 

41 

11 

0 

3 

0 

't 

18 

9 

41 

9 

15 

3 

15 

11 

56 

18 

18 

11 

0 

3 

0 

55 

7 

+  9 

7 

10 

02 

9 

15  1     3 

45 

11 

34 

18 

26 

12 

0 

2 

0 

(( 

19 

10 

24 

9 

15  1    4 

15 

11 

13 

18 

34 

12 

0 

0 

0 

5G 

4 

+  4 

2 

10 

46 

3 

45 

... 

17 

43 

11 

0 

1 

0 

11 

20 

11 

08 

i'i 

15 

5 

15 

i'2 

29 

18 

51 

12 

0 

1 

0 

57 

0 

—  1 

6 

11 

30 

12 

15 

4 

15 

13 

07 

17 

29 

11 

0 

^     0 

0 

u 

21 

11 

53 

11 

45        4 

15 

12 

15 

17 

07 

12 

0 

0 

0 

57 

7 

—  7 

6 

11 

15   ,     5 

15 

n 

22 

17 

45 

12 

0 

'     0 

0 

(( 

22 

0 

17 

11 

45   i     4 

,   15 

11 

28 

16 

22 

13 

0 

0 

0 

58 

3 

—13 

4 

0 

41 

11 

45  !     5 

15 

11 

04 

16 

58 

13 

0 

0 

0 

50  RECORD    AND   PvEDUCTION   CF   THE    TIDES. 

The  second  form,  or  Table  No.  2,  for  reduction  of  tides,  is  specially  arranged  to 
obtain  the  establishment  and  the  half-monthly  inequality  in  time  and  height.  The 
first  part  is  arranged  in  reference  to  the  observed  high  waters;  the  second  part,  in 
reference  to  the  low  waters.  Tliat  the  inequality  in  time  and  height  should  also 
be  made  out  from  the  low  water,  is  specially  important  for  stations  where  either 
the  observations  are  of  short  extent,  or  else  where  difficulties  tend  to  render  the 
observations  less  accurate.  The  discussion  of  the  low  waters  could  not  be  omitted 
in  our  case.  The  headings  to  the  columns  of  Table  No.  2,  explain  the  arrangement 
sufficiently.  The  results  from  the  upper  and  lower  transit  of  the  moon  are  kept 
separate.  (It  need  hardly  be  remarked  that,  in  certain  months,  the  sun's  or  moon's 
lower  transit  can  be  observed  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor.) 


RECORD    AND    REDUCTION    OF    THE    TIDES. 


51 


Table  for  the  Reduction  of  Tides. — No.  2. 

Showing  the  Interval  between  the  App.  Time  of  the  Moon's  Superior  Transit  and  the  Time  of  Higli 
Water,  and  also  the  lleiglits  of  High  Water,  at  Yan  Rensselaer  Harbor,  from  Four  Series  of 
Observations  made  between  October  10,  1853,  and  October  22,  1854. 

0"  to  1". 

P  to  2". 

2''  to  3\ 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

Height  of 
H.  water. 

>  'H 

■§■§ 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

H.  water. 

Height  of 
H.  water. 

$■1 

o  c 

Cm     a 

O   rn 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

H.  water. 

Height  of 
H.  water. 

ii 

App.  time. 

H.  water. 

App.  time. 

App.  time. 

H. 

M. 

H.   1  M. 

Ft. 

Dee. 

H.      M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft.  '■  Dec. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

57 
19 
21 
5i 
30 

io 

12 

n 
11 

57 
09 
17 
49 

12 
11 
13 
9 
12 

3 
6 
6 
5 

8 

I. 

40 
16 
07 
55 

58 

11 
12 
11 
11 
11 

35 
00 
23 
20 
12 

12 
11 
13 
12 
9 

4 
8 
0 
1 
4. 

I. 

2 

2 

2 
2 

25 
16 
44 
58 

11 
11 
11 
10 

20 
00 
00 
34 

11 
11 
13 

9 
6 
0 

I. 

2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

45 
29 
09 
53 
02 
52 

12 
11 
11 
11 

ii 

01 
32 
09 
10 

00 

11 
13 
12 
10 
10 
9 

1 
1 
0 
6 
4 
5 

II. 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

01 
10 
58 
33 
29 
07 
52 

12 

11 
11 
11 

10 
12 
13 

IG 
05 
48 
14 
52 
33 
03 

11 

12 
13 
10 
12 
12 
12 

9 
6 
6 
3 

7 
0 
5 

11. 

01 
55 
44 
22 
15 
36 

11 
10 
11 
10 
12 
12 

15 
51 
32 

25 
06 
05 

9 

9 

12 

12 

8 

0 
7 
9 
4 
4 

II. 

11        .  , 

2     45 
2      .^3 

10 

11 

10 
10 
10 
9 
12 

33 

16 
44 
39 
35 
38 
06. 

12 
12 
12 
10 
11 
10 
12 

6 
3 
0 
3 

4 

1 
0 

III. 

-, 

09 
56 
30 
29 
16 
49 
00 

11 

10 
10 
10 
10 

11 

11 

24 
07 
34 
34 
15 
08 
25 

13 
12 
11 
10 
10 
11 
10 

0 
9 
3 
9 
4 
4 
1 

III. 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

30 
39 
10 
10 
59 

10 
11 
10 
13 

19 
54 
21 
03 

12 
10 

9 
12 
12 

4 
7 
4 
1 
3 

III. 

2 
2 
2 

2 
2 

19 
21 
37 
02 

48 

0 
0 
0 

22 
46 
41 

12 
11 
11 

46 
26 
04 

12 
14 
13 

0 
0 
0 

IV. 

2  1  01 
2     47 
2      39 
2     21 

11 
11 
10 
11 

31 
16 
30 
52 

14 
11 
13 
14 

0 
0 
0 
0 

IV. 

12 

07 
52 
33 

9 
12 
12 
11 

50 
01 
16 
10 

14 
11 
14 
13 

0 
0 
0 
0 

IV. 

MEANS. 

0 
0 

29 
31 

11 

40 

12 

1 

18 
20 

1 
1 

29 
29 

11 

12 

ii 

6 

22 
22 

2 
2 

32 
29 

11 

04      ... 
...      11 

"s 

20 
20 

• 

52 


RECORD    AND    REDUCTION    OF   THE    TIDES. 


Table  for  the  Reduction  of  Tides  — No.  2. 

Slioning  tlie  Interval  between  the  App.  Time  of  tbe  Moon's  Superior  Transit  and  the  Time  of  Iligli 
Water,  and  also  the  Heights  of  High  Water,  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  from  Fonr  Series  of 
Observations  made  between  October  10,  1853,  and  October  22,  1854. 


3"  to  i\ 


Moon's      Lunitidal 
transit.    ,   interval. 


App.  time.  H.  water. 


H.   I  M.  !  H.  I  M. 


12  12  1  03 

19  '  9  !  57 

34  I  10  i  40 

03  10  51 

46  11  01 


Height  of 
H.  water. 


Ft.  'Dec 


■^  ■a 


!5-c: 


11  '■     1 

10  I  1 

11  5 


8 
10 


32 

12 

14 

38 

11 

44 

10 

29 

25 
53 


10 
11 
11 

10  I  7 


34 
38 
09 
59 
24 
24 
00 
52 
30 


59 
56 
09 
19 
06 
03 
25 
32 
39 


12 

4 

10 

4 

11 

5 

11 

0 

10 

3 

12 

3 

10 

0 

9 

O 

11 

1 

III. 


4''  to  5\ 


Moon's 
transit. 


App.  time. 


Lunitidal 
interval. 


H.  water. 


H.    I  M. 


M. 


00 

11 

51 

11 

22 

11 

24 

10 

03 

10 

32 

11 

16 

11 

00 

10 

49 

10 

23 

11 

16 
25 
39 
20 
36 
14 


25 
41 

47 
23 
08 
52 
13 
56 


11 
10 
11 
9 
12 
10 

10 


Height  of 
H.  water. 


Ft. 


Dec. 


App.  time.   H.  water. 


II. 


III. 


s"-  to  e*". 


Moon's      Lunitidal  i  j 

transit.       interval.     Height  of 
H.  water. 


H.      M.      H.      M. 


Ft.    Dec.     >£ 


42 
23 
14 
00 


12 
10 
10 
10 


52  [  12 
17      11 


00 
43 

42 
09 
56 
36 


11 
12 
10 
11 
10 
12 


5 

15 

11 

18 

10 

5 

40 

10 

09 

9 

5 

32 

9 

5 

16 

8 

U 

8 

5 

33 

10 

38 

9 

5 

43 

11 

11 

10 

II. 


III. 


3 

33 

3 

32 

io 

3 

10 

11 

10 

5 

12 

0 

14 

0 

IV. 


22 

11 

27 

10 

00 

9 

51 

10 

IV. 


11 

25 

10 
8 

23 
45 

9 
10 

0 
0 

IV. 


ME.4NS. 


30 
29 


10 


10 


19 
21 


The  highest  and  lowest  value  of 
tlie  interval  balance  nearly. 


4 

27 

10 

52 

4 

27 

io 

5 

21 
22 


27 

27 


10      53 


19 

20 


The  criterion  rejects  no  value  of 

the  interval,  the  two  high  and  two 
low  values  balance  nearly. 


■  ^*F%  l»l  IIWII  IIWI 


RECORD    AND    REDUCTION    OF    THE    TIDES. 


53 


Table 

FOR  THE 

Reduction  of  Tides.— 

So.  2. 

Showing  llic  Interval  between  the  App.  Time  of  the  Moon's 

Super 

or  Trans 

t  and  the 

Time  of  High  1 

Water,  and  also  tiie  Heights 

of  High  'Water,  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  from  Four  Scries  of  1 

Observations  made  between  October  10 

,  1853,  and  October  22, 

1854. 

C'  to  7". 

•7''  to  S\ 

S"-  to  9". 

Moon's 

Lunitidal 

ki 

Moon's 

Lunitidal 

a  £ 

Moon's 

Lunitidal 

iS 

transit. 

interval.  1  Height  of 

^s 

transit. 

interval. 

Height  of 

h^ 

transit. 

interval. 

Height  of 

fe  S 

-o'? 

■il 

App.  time. 

H.  water. 

O    ^ 

App.  time. 

H.  water. 

A  ° 

App. 

time. 

H.  water. 

A   °    . 

H.      M. 

H. 

M, 

Ft. 

Dec. 

>«•:: 

H.   1   M. 

H.      M. 

Ft.  i  Dec. 

£  = 

H.   ;  M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Deo. 

!?.- 

G     28 

13 

45        8 

0 

7  j  26 

12 

32 

6  1     7 

8  !  22 

11 

51 

7 

9 

G     32 

13 

44 

8 

5 

7  1  22 

13 

24 

9 

2 

8 

11 

12 

35 

9 

8 

6     21 

10 

55 

7 

8 

7  !  14 

12 

02 

8 

1 

I. 

8 

59 

12 

47 

10 

8 

H      01- 

10 

42 

9 

9 

I. 

7  '  34 

11 

23 

10 

3 

8      02 

12 

44 

9 

8 

G      48 

11 

55 

9 

5 

7      22 

13 

15 

11  !     2 

8  ■  48 

13 

13 

9 

5 

I. 

C      38 

11 

45        7 

6 

7     34 

11 

56 

7  ;     3 

8 

20 

12 

07 

9 

9 

6      01 

10 

29 
43 

S 
9 

8 
3 

8 
8 

04 
46 

13 
13 

33 
05 

11 
9 

1 
5 

ti     47 

11 

7  '14 

12 

32 

9  i     4 

7      40 
7      42 
7  1  17 

12 
12 
12 

06 
41 
56 

9  i     1 
8        5 
8        5 

8 

23 

11 

51 

9 

2 

G  ,  28 
6  '  27 

13 

12 

48       9 
01        8 

5 

8 

11. 

n. 

8      02 

13 

59 

9 

5 

8 
8 

50 
41 

13 
12 

or: 

9 
8 

»7 

6      4.5 

11 

16 

8 

1 

7 

41 

12 

05 

7 ;  2 

05 

9 

II. 

G      34 

11 

45 

10 

2 

7 

38 

10 

56 

8  1     9 

8 

28 

13 

21 

9 

9 

G      16 

•  •• 

9 

4 

7 

24 

13 

10 

8 

7 

8 

42 

13 

57 

9 

2 

i;      04 
G      49 

8 
10 

9ft 

a 

3 
5 

7  i  00 
7  i  44 

13 
13 

02 
18 

9 
10 

7 
1 

10  I  10 

III. 

III. 

8 

35 

13 

12 

9 

6 

G      17 

r-i 

24  1  10 

2 

7  ,  33 

11 

56 

10  ;'    0 

8 

25 

12 

09 

11 

5 

6      53 

12 

31   1     9 

2 

7 

02 

11 

54 

10  i     1 

8 

10 

12 

24 

8 

6 

6      32 

11 

22  ;     8 

8 

7 

51 

11 

50 

9  i     4 

8 

55 

12 

09 

9 

3 

III. 

7  '  38 

13 

01 

9       3 

g 

5n 

12 
13 
12 

32 
13 
30 

10 
10 
13 

2 
5 
0 

»;     *^^ 

9 

42 

9 

0 

IV. 

8   !   16 

8  1  59 

7  i  43 

10  1     0 

IV. 

7 

23 

12 

51 

10 

0 

8  '  45 

11 

10 

9 

2 

i 

8 

34 

11  ,  32 

10 

4 

IV. 

8 

57 

13      18 

11 

0 

MEANS. 

6      30      11      35 

IS 

7     28 

12 

26 

20 

8  '  32 

12     42 

24 

6      29      

9 

i 

19 

7  i  29 

... 

... 

9 

i 

21 

8      32 

9  !     9 

24 

Peirce's  criterion  rejects  the  value 

S""  26"',  new  mean — 

6 

31 

11 

45 

17 

• 

54 


RECORD    AND    REDUCTION    OF   THE    TIDES. 


Table  for  the  Reduction  of  Tides. — Xo.  2. 

Showing  the  Interval  between  the  App.  Time  of  the  Moon's  Superior  Transit  and  the  Time  of  High 
Water,  and  also  the  Heights  of  High  Water,  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  from  Four  Series  of 
Observations  made  between  October  10,  1853,  and  October  22,  1854. 

9"  to  10^ 

10"  to  ll". 

11"  to  12". 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

H.  water. 

Height  of 
H.  water. 

0  a 
<*-.  si 
0  ^ 

6  g 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

H.  water. 

Height  of 
H.  water. 

>  -r 

•§1 

0    yj 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

Height  of 
H.  water. 

d   0 

App.  time. 

App.  time. 

App.  time. 

H.  water. 

H.  1  M. 

H.      M. 

Ft.    Dec. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

H. 

M. 

H.      M. 

Ft.    Dec. 

9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 

12 
47 
31 

08 
58 
27 
18 

12 
12 
12 
12 
13 
13 
12 

47 
59 
30 
04 
13 
39 
10 

9 
11 
11 
11 
12 
9 
9 

1 

4 
2 
2 
5 
9 
1 

I. 

10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 

02 
36 
13 
54 
51 
10 
54 
16 

12 
12 
12 
11 
12 
12 
12 
12 

12 

10 
03 
51 
05 
25 
11 
42 

9 
11 
11 
12 
10 
11 
12 
10 

8 
7 
5 
7 
7 
0 
5 
6 

I. 

26 
37 
50 
41 

12 
11 
12 
13 

50 
53 
21 
23 

12 
13 
10 
13 

2 
3 

8 
2 

I. 

32 
41 
19 

11 
12 
12 

23 
06 
06 

11 
11 

10 

5 
3 

9 

II. 

9 

9 

10 

9 

2 

7 
6 
6 

II. 

9 
9 
9 

45 
18 
39 

12 
13 
12 

32 
32 
15 

10 
10 

1(1 

10 

58 
32 
45 
31 

13 
13 
12 
12 

19 
13 
02 
53 

10 
10 
10 
11 

6 

5 

4 
4 

II. 

38 
35 
05 
51 
07 
19 
54 

13 
12 
11 
12 
10 

11 

24 
29 
58 
54 
54 
39 
51 

11 
11 
10 
12 
11 
11 
8 

5 
0 
8 
5 
7 
3 
4 

III. 

9 

9 
9 

9 
9 
9 

24 
10 

56 
38 
18 
44 

12 
11 

12 
12 
10 
12 

53 
24 
53 
41 
43 
29 

9 
11 

8 
11 

9 
10 

6 
3 
9 
4 
3 
6 

III. 

10      10 
10      43 
10      ''1 

11 
12 
13 
12 
11 

22 
21 
27 
57 
53 

9 
10 
12 
11 

8 

9 
5 
9 
0 

5 

III. 

10 
10 

31 

47 

39 
10 
59 
08 
53 

11 
13 
12 
13 
11 

28 
02 
13 
07 

22 

14 

13' 

12 

11 

12 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

IV. 

9 
9 

22 
41 

12 
11 

44 
34 

12 
12 

0 
0 

IV. 

10 
10 
10 
10 

09 
55 
20 
24 

12 
12 
11 

57 
12 
21 

12 

13 
10 
11 

6 
0 
0 
0 

IV. 

MEANS. 

9      31 
9     31 

12 

30 

io 

"4 

in 

19 

10 
10 

32 
31 

12 

23 

li 

"i 

20 
21 

11 
11 

32 
32 

12 

17      

...      11       7 

19 
19 

The  value  lO"-  43"'  i.s  rejected  by 
Peirce's  criterion,  and  there  is  no 
corresponding  high  value  to  balance 
it ;  the  new  mean  becomes — 

^ 

9 

32 

12     36 

... 

... 

18 

RECORD    AXD    REDUCTION    OF   THE    TIDES. 


55 


Table  for  the  Reduction  of  Tides No.  2. 

Showing  tlic  Interval  between  the  App.  Time  of  the  Moon's  Inferior  Transit  and  the  Time  of  High 
■Water,  and  also  the  lleights  of  Iligh  Water,  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  from  Four  Series  of 
Observations  made  between  October  10,  1853,  and  October  22,  1854. 

0"  to  1\ 

1"  to  2\ 

2''  to  S\ 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

Height  of 
H.  water. 

is 

0  a 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

Ileight  of  1    £  'd 
U.  water       S  S 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

Height  of 
H.  water. 

i  s 

0  0 

0    „ 

ii 

App.  time. 

H.  water. 

App.  time. 

H.  water. 

=  0 

App.  time. 

H.  water. 

H.      M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

n. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

n. 

M. 

H.      M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

35 

48 
44 
21 
06 
55 

11 

11 
11 
11 
11 
11 

10 
28 
01 
50 
58 
39 

10 
14 
10 
12 
12 
7 

7 
3 
9 
8 
5 
5 

I. 

18 
46 
31 
25 
44 

11 
11 
11 
11 
11 

12 
45 
14 
45 
19 

11 
14 
13 
13 

5 
2 
7 
6 

I. 

2 
2 

2 
2 
2 

02 
48 
20 
30 
34 

11 
10 
10 
11 
11 

13 
42 
54 
25 
29 

11 

9 

9 

12 

5 
9 

8 
8 

I. 

1 

27 
21 
45 
38 
14 
59 

11 
11 
11 
11 
10 
11 

49 
10 

47 
58 
46 
57 

13 
11 
12 
12 
13 
13 

9 
8 
9 
0 
5 
0 

II. 

2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

20 
06 
51 
31 
26 

10 
10 
12 
11 
11 

56 
10 
25 
02 
26 

13 
13 
12 
13 
12 

7 
1 

6 
0 

1 

II. 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

33 
07 
57 
06 

S2 
29 

11 
10 
11 
11 
12 
11 
12 

31 
12 
40 
35 
15 
44 
11 

13 
10 
12 
13 
11 
10 
14 

3 

6 
7 
0 
2 

5 
5 

ir. 

2 
2 
2 

2 
2 
2 
2 

20 
01 
44 
52 
13 
31 
26 

10 
10 
11 
10 
10 
10 

11 

13 

48 
34 
38 
44 
39 
28 

11 
13 

8 
12 

9 
13 

8 

3 
9 
5 
1 
2 
6 
6 

III. 

33 
00 
04 
54 
49 
24 
31 

10 
10 

10 
10 

i'i 
11 

30 

04 
59 
54 

03 
24 

12 

13 
8 
8 

12 
9 

13 

0 
6 
7 
5 
2 
8 
3 

III. 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

00 
45 
02 
15 
43 
35 
27 

12 
12 
11 

ro 

12 
12 
11 

32 
18 
32 
33 

18 
22 
28 

12 
11 
13 

9 
13 

9 
13 

2 

6 
1 

7 
2 
9 
6 

III. 

2 
2 
2 

24 
15 
45 

10 
10 
10 

0 
0 
0 

IV. 

36 
29 
09 

57 

11 
10 
11 
10 

56 
39 
03 
16 

13 
13 
14 
10 

5 
0 
0 
0 

IV. 

63 

28 

13 
13 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

47 
00 
45 
22 
17 

10 
12 
11 
10 
11 

15 

07 
23 
50 
28 

14 
13 
13 
14 
13 

5 
0 
0 
0 
0 

IV. 

MEANS. 

0 
0 

29 
29 

11 

34 

12      "2 

25 

25 

1 

1 

31 
31 

11 

13      ... 
...      12 

"3 

21 
21 

2 
2 

27      10 

27      ... 

59      ... 
...      11 

8 

20 
19 

• 

oG 


R  E  C  0  R  P    AND   REDUCTION    OF    Til  E    T  I  D  E  S. 


Table  for  the  Reduction  of  Tides. — No.  2. 

Showing  the  Interval  between  the  Ajip.  Time  of  the  Moon's  Inferior  Transit  and  the  Time  of  High 
"Water,  and  also  the  Heights  of  High  Water,  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  from  Four  Series  of 
Observations  made  between  October  10,  1853,  and  October  22,  1854. 


3''  to  4\ 


Moon's    I  Lunitidal 
transit,    i  interval. 


App.  time. :  H.  water. 


11.      M 


M. 


Height  of 
H.  water. 


Ft.    Dec. 


c   c 


4''  to  5". 


Moon's    j  Lunitidal 
transit.       interval. 

I 


App.  time, 


II.      M. 


H.  water. 


H.      M. 


Height  of 
H.  water. 


Ft     Deo. 


c    o 


to  6\ 


Moon's 
transit. 


App.  time. 


Lunitidal 
interval. 


H.  water. 


M.      H.      M.      Ft. 


Height  of 
H.  water. 


Dec. 


a 


36 

9 

50 

10 

09 

10 

59 

10 

32 

10 

22 

10 

23 
07 
03 
10 
38 


9 

4 

10 

3 

12 

4 

8 

5 

12 

3 

9 

1 

9 

4 

12 

6 

11 

3 

9 

2 

III. 


11 

0 

14 

0 

13 

0 

13 

0 

10 

0 

IV. 


10 

11 

10 

11 

10 

11 


3S 
24 
00 
4S 
12 


16 

10 

15 

52 

10 

39 

37 

12 

36 

26 

10 

58 

39 

11 

52 

III. 


IV. 


21 

11 

16 

10 

32 

11 

11 

10 

10 

10 

09 

11 

54 

10 

40 

9 

12 

12 

55 

11 

19 

11 

35 

8 

57 

10 

II. 


III. 


IV. 


MEANS. 


3 

31 

10 

40 

3 

31 

... 

... 

11 

1 

26 
26 


The  two  greatest  deviations  from 
the  mean,  viz.,  8''  26""  and  12''  45"', 
nearly  balance  in  the  mean,  hence 
no  value  was  rejected. 


33 
33 


II 


01 


10 


20 
20 


5 

30 

10 

56 

5 

30 

9 

4 

18 
18 


The  criterion  rejects  no  value  of 
the  interval ;  the  low  value  8''  29'" 
is  so  near  the  limit  of  rejection  and 
not  balanced  in  the  mean  that  I 
prefer  to  reject  It. 


5      30      11      04 


17 


RECORD    AND    REDUCTION    OF   THE   TIDES. 


57 


Table 

FOR  THE  Reduction  of  Tides. — No.  2. 

Showing  the  Iiik'i'vul  IkjIwoth  the  A))]).  I'imc  of  the  Moon's  Inferior  Trnnsit  and  the  Time  of  Iligli  | 

Water,  and  also  the  Heights 

of  High  Water,  at  Van  Rensseh 

er  Harbor,  from  Four  Series  of  1 

Observations  made  between  October  10,  1853,  and  October  22, 

1854. 

6"  to  1\ 

T"  to  8^ 

S*-  to  S\ 

Moon's 

Lunitidal 

,  ^ 

Moon's 

Lunitidal 

Moon's 

Lunitidal 

*    n 

transit. 

interval.     Heipht  of 

ffe 

transit. 

interval. 

Heipht  of 

transit. 

interval.     Height  of 

>'Z 

TI    w»t»r 

j=.a 

11.  water. 

•^-^ 

H.  water. 

%l 

App.  time. 

H.  water. 

c  „ 

App.  time. 

H.  water. 

App.  time. 

H.  water. 

H. 

M. 

n. 

M. 

Ft.    Dec. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft.    Dec. 

6 

.'57 

n 

16 

9 

2 

7 

54 

11 

49 

9 

5 

8 

47 

12 

42 

10        0 

6 

07 

10 

54 

7 

1 

7 

46 

12 

30 

8 

1 

• 

8 

35 

... 

9        3 

6 

f>7 

12 

49 

7 

0 

7 

38 

11 

53 

11 

0 

8 

25 

i3 

21 

10       7 

I. 

C 

48 

11 

58 

10 

4 

I. 

7 

11 

12 

37 

8 

8 

1. 

8 

44 

12 

58 

10        9 

(i 

2.5 

13 

48 

8        5 

7 

56 

12 

46 

9 

4 

8 

25 

12 

42 

9        2 

« 

14 

13 

39 

10 

6 

7 

42 

12 

25 

11 

8 

8 

50 

12 

38 

11        2 

6 

24 

12 

3B 

7 

8 

7 

10 

12 

50 

8 

0 

7 

59 

12 

30 

IX 

5 

s 

''6 

T>, 

44 

G 

7 

ft      nd 

11 
13 

10 
10 

10 

7 

7 
2 

g 

10 

14 

06 

10 

7 

6 

.51 

II. 

7 

38 

11 

53 

8 

2 

8 

53 

13 

57 

8 

8 

II. 

(5 

01 

11 

41 

fi 

9 

7 

11 

12 

12 

9 

5 

II. 

8 

12 

11 

42 

10 

2 

G 

.52 

14 

0« 

fi 

7 

7 

41 

14 

17 

7 

5 

8 

07 

11 

55 

10 

4 

fi 

07 

11 

12 

11 

7 

7 

13 

12 

18 

10 

0 

8 

59 

11 

18 

10 

7 

fi 

59 

12 

20 

9 

8 

7 

47 

11 

47 

U 

1 

8 

02 

13 

32 

7 

9 

6 

.S8 

12 

54 

8 

« 

7 

22 

13 

40 

9 

2 

8 

48 

13 

31 

8 

1 

C, 

27 

10 

32 

10 

2 

III. 

7 

11 

10 

48 

10 

5 

III. 

8 

32 

11 

32 

10 

6 

III. 

fi 

39 

12 

17 

9 

8 

7 

54 

12 

05 

9 

9 

8 

07 

11 

55 

10 

4 

6 

07 

11 

47 

9 

5 

7 

26 

12 

30     10 

6 

8 

54 

12 

OS 

11 

1 

6 

59 

13 

25 

9 

4 

7 

16 

13 

38        7 

6 

S 
S 

37 
IS 

12 

22 

38 

9 
11 

4 

6 

50 

10 

41 

10 

0 

IV. 

•  •• 

•  •• 

IV. 

8 

01 

13 

53 

8 

7 

6 

5S 

10 

0 

8 

08 

11 

58 

9 

0 

8 

58 

9 

0 

IV. 

8 

34 

13 

41 

10       0 

MEANS. 

6 

33 

12 

13 

19 

7 

33      12 

28 

18 

8 

29 

12 

44 

21 

6 

34 

... 

... 

9 

1 

20 

7 

33      ... 

9 

6 

18 

8 

30 

... 

... 

9 

7 

23 

There  are  two  high  and  two  low 

The  high  and  low  values  in  the 

values,  viz.,  14i>  00'",  13"  48'",  aud 

interval  balance. 

10"  32",  lOi"  41"',  noarly  balancing 

each  other;  tliero  wa,s,  thorefore,  no 

rejection  required. 

58 


RECORD    AND   REDUCTION    OF   THE    TIDES. 


Table  for  the  Reduction  of  Tides. — No.  2. 

Showing  the  Interval  between  th 

B  App.  Time  of  the  Moon's 

Inferior  Transit  and 

the  Time  of  High  1 

Water,  and  also  the  Heights 

of  High  Water,  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  fr 

ora  Four  Ser 

es  of 

Observations  made  between  0 

etober  10,  1853,  and  October  22,  1854. 

9"  to  10\ 

10''  to  11''. 

11 

'■  to  la"". 

Moon's    ,  Lunitidal 

t      CO 

Moon's 

Lunitirlal 

i  i 

Moon's     Luni 

tidal 

« i 

transit.    1  interval. 

Height  of 

transit. 

interval. 

Height  of 

>  X 

transit. 

interval. 

Height  of 

>  'z 

H.  water.       S.  "' 

H.  water. 

•I'S 

H.  water. 

.OT3 

A  pp.  time.  H.  water. 

"s^ 

App.  time. 

H.  water. 

<„  3 

ii 

App.  time. 

H.  water. 

^1 

H. 

M. 

H.      M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

II 

H.      M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft.     Deo. 

9 

37      12 

37 

10 

9 

10 

24 

12 

20 

11 

3 

01 

12 

30 

12 

0 

9 

23     12 

23 

10 

7 

10 

11 

13 

50 

11 

6 

52 

11 

54 

12 

3 

9 

09 

12 

22 

11 

8 

10 

34 

12 

41 

11 

0 

I. 

15 

11 

30 

9 

8 

I. 

9 

S2 

11 

54 

11 

5 

I. 

10 

24 

13 

17 

13 

8 

59 

12 

01 

13 

0 

9 

33 

12 

39 

12 

0 

10 

31 

11 

49 

8 

6 

20 

11 

36 

13 

7 

9 
9 

06 
49 

12 
13 

30 
17 

7 
9 

8 
6 

17 

n 

48 

8 

9 

10 

06 

13 

39 

6 

6 

9  1  46 

12 

27 

11 

6 

10 

57 

12 

48 

7 

7 

30 

12 

47 

12 

4 

10 

15 

!•?, 

0-^ 

11 

9. 

II. 

46 

11 

;w 

K 

4 

9 

15 

12      30 

•7 

2 

10 

05 

11 

19 

11 

7 

13 

13 

34 

11 

9 

II. 

9 
9 

12 
11 

12      05 
12      43 

10 
10 

3 
3 

II. 

10 

55 

11 

59 

11 

9 

43 

11 

42 

12 

0 

10 
10 

32 
19 

11 
13 

30 
45 

12 
11 

2 
8 

16 
09 

12 
11 

46 
40 

12 
13 

0 

7 

9 

47 

11   1  15 

11 

1 

9 

33 

11      31 

9 

4 

10 

43 

11 

35 

10 

0 

HI. 

28 

13 

17 

9 

7 

III. 

9 

16 

10  ,  48 

11 

3 

III. 

10 

38 

10 

23 

12 

9 

38 

13 

53 

11 

4 

9 

59 

10  ,  49 

9 

9 

10 

07 

11 

21 

8 

5 

44 

12 

14 

8 

3 

9 

44 

12 

17 

11 

6 

10 

55 

13 

18 

8 

1 

11   1  20 

12 

20 

12 

5 

9 

22 

12 

06 

9 

9 

• 

10      45 

T?, 

96 

14 

0 

11      17      11 

50 

11 

5 

9 

47 

10 

49 

10 

0 

IV. 

10 

02 

11 

13 

12 

0 

IV. 

36  1  12 

06 

14 

0 

IV. 

9 

19 

11 

56 

11 

0 

10 

46 

12 

29 

12 

0 

30  1  12 

15 

12 

0 

MEANS. 

9 

30 

12 

03 

19 

10 

29 

12     18 

19 

11 

28 

12 

16      ... 

19 

9 

30 

10 

4 

19 

10 

29 

10 

9 

19 

11 

28 

... 

...      11 

5 

19 

'1 

liere  being  tlirce  low  and  but 

one  liigli  value  in  the  interval,  it 

seemed  preferable  to  adopt  a  mean 

re.sulting  after  the  rejection  of  10'' 

■48™,  viz:— 

9 

30 

12 

07 

... 

... 

18 

RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OF  THE   TIDES. 


59 


TAnr.E  FOR  THE  Reduction  of  Tides. — No.  2. 

Showing  Uic  Interval  belweeii  the  A  pp.  Time  of  the  Moon',s  Superior  Transit  and  the  Time  of  Low 
Water,  and  also  the  Heights  of  Low  Water,  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  from  Four  Series  of 
Observations  made  between  October  10,  1853,  and  October  22,  1854. 

O"-  to  1". 

1"  to  2^ 

2"  to  3\ 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

Height  of 
L.  water. 

i  ,2 

a. 

0  a 
0  ^ 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

Height  of 
L.  water. 

0  a 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

Height  of 
L.  water. 

si 

n 

App.  time. 

L.  water. 

App.  time. 

L.  water. 

App.  time. 

L.  water. 

H.      M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft.    De«. 

0  1    13 
0      57 
0      19 
0      21 
0      53 
(1      30 

17 
17 
18 
18 
17 
18 

02 
33 
42 
54 

1 

2 
0 
3 

0 

5 
0 
9 
1 
1 
6 

I. 

40 
16 
07 
55 
58 
20 

17 
18 
17 
18 
17 
15 

35 
00 
38 
20 
12 
58 

1 
0 
3 

1 

— 0 

0 

9 

0 
1 
2 
4 
6 

I. 

2 
2 
2 
2 

25 
16 
44 
58 

18 
17 
17 
17 

35 
45 
30 
04 

2 
0 
2 

7 
3 
3 

I. 

49  i     1 

2 
2 
2 

2 
2 
2 

45 
29 
09 
53 
02 
52 

18 
17 
17 
17 
18 
17 

01 
47 
39 
25 
19 
15 

1 

2 
2 

2 

1 
3 

3 
3 

5 
5 
2 

1 

II. 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

01 
10 
58 
33 
29 
07 
52 

18 
17 
18 
17 
19 
18 
19 

16 
05 
18 
44 
37 
18 
03 

1 
4 
2 
0 
2 
3 
3 

3 
1 
B 
1 
7 
5 
3 

n. 

01 

55 
44 
22 
15 
36 

17 
17 
18 
17 
17 
18 

00 
21 
02 
40 
21 
20 

0 
— 0 
4 
0 
3 
1 

5 
3 

1 
5 
0 
5 

II. 

2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

45 
33 
19 
21 
37 
02 
48 

18 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 

18 
46 
59 
39 
20 
08 
21 

3 

0 
2 
1 
3 
1 
1 

9 
5 
5 

1 

6 
2 
7 

III. 

09 
56 
30 
29 
16 
49 
00 

18 
15 
16 
17 
17 
18 
17 

24 
37 
49 
34 
15 
08 
10 

2 
1 

0 

1 
0 
3 

1 

1 
9 

8 
5 
4 
2 
2 

III. 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

22 
30 
39 
10 
10 
59 

1(! 
16 
IS 
18 
16 
15 

41 

49 
09 
21 
48 
58 

2 
1 
1 

I 

1 

0 
3 
6 
0 
0 
9 

111. 

2 
2 

2 

2 

01 
47 
39 
21 

17 
19 
16 
17 

31 
16 
30 
52 

— 0 
1 
0 
0 

5 
0 
0 
0 

IV. 

0 

11 

22 
4« 

17 
16 

46 

56 

— 0 
0 

7 
0 

IV. 

i 

12 

07 
52 
33 

18 
18 
18 
17 

50 
01 
16 
40 

0 
2 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

IV. 

MEANS.                                                                                 '               1 

0 
0 

30 
30 

17 

49      ... 
1 

"7 

21 

21 

1 
1 

29 
29 

17 

34 

"i 

3 

23 
23 

2 

2 

31 

30 

17 

43 

i 

"7 

21 
20 

The  highest  and  lowest  valae  of 
the  Intervals  balance  In  the  mean, 
hence  no  value  is  rejected. 

1 

The  low  value  15"  37'"  is  rejected, 
hence  new  mean — 

1 

28 

17 

39 

22 

60 


RECOKD   AND   REDUCTION   OF   THE   TinES. 


Table  for  the  Reduction  of  Tides. — No.  2. 

Showing  the  Interval  between  the  App.  Time  of  the  Moon's  Superior  Transit  and  the  Time  of  Low 
Water,  and  also  the  Heights  of  Low  Water,  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  from  Four  Series  of 
Observations  made  between  October  10,  1853,  and  October  22,  1854. 

S*-  to  4". 

4"  to  5". 

s"-  to  6^ 

Mood's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

Height  of 
L.  water- 

^1 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

Height  of 
L.  water. 

0  a 

0  ^ 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lun]ti<]»! 
interval. 

Height  of 
L.  water. 

li 

It 

0  ~ 

App.  time. 

L.  water. 

App.  time. 

L.  water. 

App.  time. 

L.  water. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

.12 
19 
34 
03 

46 

17 
17 
17 
15 
14 

18 
12 
25 
36 
16 

4 
0 
3 
0 

4 
7 
6 
1 

I. 

4 
4 

4 
4 
4 

4 

00 
51 
22 
24 
03 
32 

16 
17 

16 
18 
16 
16 

46 
25 
39 
50 
51 
59 

4 
5 

2 
3 

1 
4 

5 
2 
3 
6 
3 
4 

I. 

5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 

42 
23 
14 
00 
52 
17 

18 

16 

17 

15 

18 

17 

17       ., 

34 
53 
59 
24 
16 

5 
3 
3 
2 
3 
4 

4 

2 
7 
3 
4 

2 

I. 

3 
3 
3 
3 

32 
14 

38 
44 

17 
18 
16 
16 

29 
02 
10 
53 

2 
0 
3 
2 

0 
3 
9 
6 

11. 

4 

4 
4 
4 

4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 

16 

00 
49 
23 

25 
41 
47 
23 
08 
52 
13 
56 

16 
17 
17 
16 

16 
15 
17 
15 
17 
17 

i'7 

30 
16 

27 
25 

3 
3 
3 
3 

4 
0 
0 

1 

11. 

5 
5 
5 
5 
5 

5 
5 
5 
5 
5 

00 
43 
09 
56 
36 

40 
32 
16 
33 
43 

16 
18 
16 
16 
17 

15 

15 
16 
17 

01 
33 

54 
53 
06 

39 

44 
53 

26 

3 
5 
6 
5 
5 

8 
0 
1 
8 
0 

11. 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

*4 

38 
09 
59 
24 
24 
00 
52 
30 

17 
15 

18 
17 
16 
17 
16 
17 
16 

29 
41 
09 
48 
36 
33 
55 
02 
54 

1 

2 
2 
4 
1 
3 
2 
2 
3 

8 
3 
5 
0 
3 
9 
4 
5 
2 

III. 

38 
38 
45 
37 
49 
49 

43 

5 
2 
3 
2 
2 
2 

4 

4 

3 

0 
7 
3 
6 

2 
0 
4 

III. 

4 

4 
3 
4 
4 

2 
5 

7 
8 
5 

III. 

5 
5 

11 

25 

14 
16 

53 
45 

3 

2 

0 
0 

IV. 

3 
3 
3 

33 
32 
10 

17 
16 
17 

30 
37 
03 

1 

— 1 
0 

5 
0 
5 

IV. 

4 
4 
4 
4 

22 
27 
00 
51 

15 
15 
16 
16 

41 
42 
13 
23 

0 

1 
2 
4 

0 
0 
0 
0 

IV. 

MEANS. 

3 
3 

28      16 
27      ... 

56 

"2 

"i 

21 
20 

4 
4 

27 
27 

16 

52 

"3 

"i 

21 

22 

5 
5 

27 

27 

16 

65 

"4 

"i 

17 
18 

The  low  values  Wi"  IC"'  is  reject- 
ed, hence  new  mean — 

The  high  value  IS"  50"  is  in  a 
measure  balanced  by  two  low  va- 
lues, 15"  37"'  and  15''  37™. 

The  low  value  14"  53'"  is  rejected, 
hence  new  mean — 

3 

28 

17 

04 

... 

... 

20 

5 

27 

17 

02 

... 

... 

,. 

RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OP   THE   TIDES. 


01 


Table  for  the  Reduction  of  Tides. — No.  2. 

Showing;  the  Interval  between  tlie  App.  Time  of  the  Moon's  Superior  Transit  and  the  Time  of  Low 
Water,  and  also  the  Heights  of  I.10W  Water,  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  from  Fonr  ^criea  of 
Observations  made  between  October  10,  1853,  and  October  22,  1854. 

e"-  to  7". 

7''  to  S\ 

S*-  to  9". 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

Height  of 
L.  Water. 

0  c 
0  ^ 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

Height  of 
L.  water. 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

L.  water. 

Height  of 
L.  water. 

41 

App.  time. 

L.  water. 

App.  time. 

L.  water. 

App.  time. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Deo. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft.    Deo. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 

28 
32 
21 
01 

48 
38 
01 

47 

16 
17 

17 
18 
17 
18 
17 
18 

45 
59 
55 
32 
55 
00 
29 
28 

4 

5 

4 

3. 

3 

2 

2 

2 

7 
2 
9 
7 
7 
9 
9 
4 

I. 

7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 

26 
22 
14 
34 
22 
34 

17 
18 
18 
17 
18 
18 

47 
24 
02 
38 
45 
10 

4 
4 
4 

t 
3 

8 
8 
4 
2 
2 
2 

I. 

8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

22 
11 
59 
02 
48 
20 
04 
46 
23 

18 
18 
19 
18 
18 
19 
18 
18 
17 

21 
50 
02 
29 
43 
22 
03 
50 
36 

4 
4 
3 
5 

4 
2 
5 

1 
1 

2 
5 
4 
5 
2 
7 
3 
8 
8 

I. 

7 
7 
7 
7 

14 
40 
42 
17 

19 
19 
18 
19 

47 
06 
27 
11 

5 
4 
4 
5 

8 
1 
8 
5 

II. 

6 
6 

28 
27 

17 
20 

18 
01 

3 
6 

8 
0 

II. 

8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

02 
50 
41 

28 
42 

19 
19 
16 
20 
19 

13 

55 
36 

07 
12 

3 
3 
3 
5 
5 

3 
3 
3 

0 

1 

H. 

6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 

45 
34 
04 
49 
17 
53 
32 

17 
18 
17 
17 
16 

18 

46 
00 
25 
10 
54 

37 

4 
5 
4 
5 
4 
4 
3 

5 
2 
6 
6 
4 
6 
6 

III. 

7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 

41 
38 
24 
00 
44 
33 
02 
51 
38 

17 
18 
18 
17 
18 
18 
18 
17 
19 

36 
26 
55 
32 
48 
41 
24 
35 
01 

4 
3 
4 
4 
4 
5 
4 
3 
5 

0 
6 
4 
7 
0 
2 
3 
9 
6 

III. 

8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

35 
25 
10 
55 
30 
16 
59 
45 

18 
19 
17 
18 
18 
18 
17 
18 

27 
39 
24 
09 
32 
28 
59 
25 

4 

I 
3 
3 
5 

I 

1 

7 
4 
5 
4 
8 
9 
0 

III. 

6 

28 

16 

42 

3 

0 

IV. 

7 
7 

43 
23 

17 
15 

53 
51 

5 
5 

0 
0 

IV. 

8 
8 
8 

34 
01 

57 

19 
19 
18 

32 
14 

18 

5 
3 
3 

0 
0 
0 

IV. 

MEANS. 

6 
6 

28  17 

29  ... 

49 

"4             "2 

j 

17 
18 

7      29 
7      29 

18 

17 

4 

"e 

21 
21 

8 
8 

30 
30 

18 

15 

"3 

'7 

25 
25 

The  liigh  value  20''  01™  is  reject- 
ed, hence  new  mean — 

The  low  value  15''  51'"  is  rejected, 
hence  new  mean — 

6 

28 

17 

42 

... 

16 

7 

29 

18 

24 

... 

... 

20 

62 


RECORD    AND   REDUCTION    OF   THE    TIDES. 


Table  for  the  Reduction  of  Tides. — No.  2. 

Showing  the  Interval  between  the  App.  Time  of  the  Moon's  Superior  Transit  and  the  Time  of  Low 
Water,  and  also  the  Heights  of  Low  Water,  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  from  Four  Series  of 
Observations  made  between  October  10,  1853,  and  October  22,  1854. 

9"  to  10\ 

10"  to  IP. 

IP  to  12\ 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

Height  of 
L.  water. 

(3    « 
Cm   <i 

°     CO 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidiil 
interval. 

Height  of 
L.  water. 

(3  s 

■§1 

0  0, 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
intervaL 

L.  water. 

Height  of 
L.  "water. 

App.  lime. 

L.  water. 

App.  time. 

L.  water. 

App.  time. 

H. 

9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 

M. 

H.       M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

H.   1   M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Deo. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

'm. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

12 

47 
31 

08 
58 
27 
18 

18 
17 
18 
19 
18 
19 
18 

47 
59 
00 
04 
43 
09 
10 

3 

2 
3 
2 
0 
2 
1 

1 
9 
8 
2 
7 
8 
9 

I. 

10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 

02 
36 
13 
54 
51 
10 
54 

17 
17 
20 
18 
17 
18 
19 

57 
40 
02 
36 
50 
25 
11 

2 
1 
2 
2 
0 
2 
2 

7 
6 
5 
9 
1 
8 
4 

I. 

26 
37 
50 
41 

17 
18 
17 
18 

20 
53 
51 
23 

2 

3 

— 1 

5 

7 
5 
2 
5 

I. 

22 
41 
19 

19 
17 
18 

08 
21 
36 

2 
— 0 

2 

3 

4        II. 

0 

9 
9 
9 

41 
45 
39 

19 
17 

18 

34 
52 
45 

1 
2 
3 

10 
10 
10 
10 

58 
32 
45 
31 

18 
18 

18 

18 

19 
13 
02 
23 

1 

1 
1 
2 

0 
8 
0 

2 

II. 

8 
8 

II. 

38 
35 
05 
51 
07 
19 
54 

19 
16 
17 
18 
18 
17 
17 

09 
59 
58 
27 
54 
39 
26 

1 
0 
2 
2 
0 
2 
1 

0 
9 
7 
4 
6 
4 
2 

III. 

9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 

24 
10 
56 
38 
18 
44 

18 
18 
17 
19 
17 
18 

08 
09 
38 
10 
13 
14 

2 
1 

2 

4 
1 
3 

8 
2 
0 
8 
6 

III. 

10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 

10 
54 
43 
21 
10 
31 
47 

19 
17 
18 
18 
16 
17 
17 

22 
08 
21 
42 
51 
57 
38 

1 

2 
1 

2 
1 
3 
1 

6 
6 
3 
0 
4 
6 
2 

III. 

39 
10 
59 
08 
53 

17 
18 
19 
17 
16 

28 
02 
13 
07 
22 

2 

—2 

— 0 

0 

0 

0 
0 

I 
0 

IV. 

9 
9 

22 
41 

19 

18 

14 
34 

5 
0 

0  1  i^- 

" 

10 
10 
10 
10 

09 
55 
20 
24 

18 
18 
18 
18 

58 
12 
21 
61 

2 
4 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 

IV. 

MEANS. 

9 
9 

32 
32 

18 

28 

"2 

6 

18 
18 

10 
10 

32 
32 

18 

19 

"i 

"9 

22 
22 

11 
11 

32 
32 

18 

01 

1 

"3 

19 

19 

( 

RECORD   AND    REDUCTION    OF    THE    TIDES. 


63 


Table 

FOR  THE  Reduction  of  Tides. — 

No.  2. 

Showing  the  Interval  between  the  App.  Time  of  the  Moon's  Inferior  Transit  and  the  Time  of  Low  | 

Water,  and  also  the  Heights 

of  Low  Water,  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  from   Four  Series  of  | 

Observations  made  between  0 

jtober  10,  1853,  and  October  22, 

1854. 

0"  to  l\ 

1"  to  2\ 

2''  to  3\ 

Moon's 

Lunitidal 

Moon's     Lunitidal 

1    tn 

Moon's 

Lunitidnl 

a  i 

transit. 

interval. 

Height  of 

t- 

transit.       interval. 

Height  of 

>  *n 

transit. 

interval. 

Height  of 

fc  i 

L.  water. 

I'H 

L.  water. 

•1'^ 

L.  water. 

1 

App.  time. 

L.  water. 

11 

App.  time. 

L.  water. 

ii 

App.  time. 

L.  water. 

H. 

0 

M. 

35 

H.      M. 

Ft.    Dec. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

H.  1  M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

17 

25 

1 

8 

18 

17 

27 

1 

6 

2  ;  02 

15 

43 

5 

7 

0 

48 

18 

28 

0 

1 

46 

19 

00 

1 

5 

2     48 

16 

57 

2 

8 

0 

44 

18 

16 

1 

3 

I. 

31 

17 

44 

— 0 

1 

I. 

2  1  47 

17 

14 

1 

6 

I. 

0 

21 

18 

05 

— 0 

3 

25 

17 

45 

0 

0 

2      20 

16 

54 

1 

9 

0 

00 

16 

58 

3 

4 

44 

17 

19 

... 

2      30 

18 

10 

— 0 

1 

0 

55 

17 

08 

2 

l-r 

2      34 

17 

58 

27 
21 

18 
17 

19 

25 

— 0 
3 

4 
2 

0 

31 

19 

31 

— 1 

8 

2 

20 

17 

56 

1 

5 

0 

33 

18 

13 

2 

4 

45 

19 

02 

1 

3 

II. 

2 

06 

17 

40 

2 

2 

0 

07 

17 

55 

— 0 

9 

38 

18 

43 

0 

7 

2 

51 

16 

25 

3 

9 

II. 

0 

57 

18 

05 

1 

1 

II. 

14 

18 

27 

1 

3 

2 

31 

18 

47 

1 

9 

0 

Oti 

18 

15 

2 

3 

59 

18 

57 

3 

3 

2 

26 

18 

56 

1 

6 

0 

52 

19 

29 

3 

2 

0 

29 

17 

56 

— 0 

2 

33 

16 

00 

1 

5 

2   i  20 

14 

57 

1 

7 

04 
54 

15 
17 

44 
24 

2 

1 

3 

6 

2   '  01 
2      44 

17 
16 

33 

04 

1 
2 

7 
5 

0 

00 

17 

02 

2 

2 

III. 

0 

45 

18 

18 

o 

0 

49 

18 

41 

0 

2 

2  j   52 

16 

38 

1 

6 

111. 

0 

15 

16 

03 

0 

5 

III. 

24 

18 

03 

3 

0 

2  1  13 

17 

14 

2 

5 

0 

43 

17 

48 

1 

6 

31 

17 

24 

1 

0 

2  1  31 

17 

09 

1 

0 

Q 

35 

17 
17 

52 

2 

4 
5 

1 

2  t  26 

17 

28 

2 

0 

u 

27 

58 

1 

36 

29 
09 

18 
17 
19 

26 
39 
03 

1 

1 

— 1 

0 
0 
0 

2  1  24 
2  '  15 

17 
17 

09 
53 

— 1 
0 

0 
0 

0 

47 

16 

45 

— 1 

7 

IV. 

IV. 

0 

00 

17 

07 

1 

0 

57 

16 

46 

0 

0 

2   ;   45 

15 

28 

0 

0 

0 

45 

17 

53 

0 

0 

IV. 

0 

22 

18 

20 

1 

0 

0 

17 

16 

58 

0 

0 

MEANS. 

0 

30 

17 

50 

24 

1 

33      17 

52 

21 

2      28 

17 

09 

21 

0 

30 

... 

i 

i 

24 

1 

33      ... 

1 

1 

20 

2     28 

1 

i 

20 

The  two  higli  and  two  low  values 

The   value   IS^  44""  is   rejected. 

The  lowest  value  14"  SS" 

is  re- 

of  the  intervals  nearly  balance  in 
the  mean. 

hence  new  mean— 

jected,  hence — 

1 

34 

17  1  58 

20 

2 

28 

17 

15 

... 

... 

20 

64 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION    OP   THE    TIDES. 


Table  for  the  Reduction  of  Tides. — No.  -2. 

Showing  the  [iiterval  between  the  A  pp.  Time  of  the  Moon's  Inferior  Transit  and  the  Time  of  Low 
"Water,  and  aI.so  tlie  Heights  of  Low  AVater,  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  from  Four  .Series  of 
Observations  made  between  October  10,  1853,  and  October  22,  1854. 

3''  to  4^ 

4"  to  5\ 

5"  to  G\ 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

Height  of 
L.  water. 

ii 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 
interval. 

Height  of 
L.  water. 

t  '^ 

Moon's 
transit. 

Lunitidal 

interval. 

Height  of 

<—   si 
o  ,„ 

t5- 

App  time. 

L.  water. 

App.  time. 

L.  water. 

App.  time. 

L.  water. 

H.  I'm. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft.  |Dec. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

36 
50 
09 
59 
32 
22 

17 
16 
17 
16 
17 
17 

40 
56 
05 
00 
37 
10 

3 
1 

2 
3 

1 
1 

4 
8 
6 
2 
6 
4 

I. 

4 
4 

4 
4 
4 
4 

25 
52 
49 
31 
09 
54 

16 
17 
15 
17 
16 
16 

06 
39 
55 
08 
22 
22 

3 

2 
5 

1 
4 
5 

9 
6 
1 
0 
5 
1 

I. 

5 
5 
5 
5 
5 

16 
52 
37 
26 
39 

15 
18 
16 
18 
17 

15 
24 
51 
13 
51 

4 
3 

6 

1 
3 

5 
5 
6 
0 
1 

I. 

5 
5 
5 

5 

21 
16 
32 
11 

18 
16 
17 
17 

55 
00 
02 
01 

3 
5 
4 
4 

8   '             i 

3 
3 
3 
3 

3 

OS 
54 
37 
15 

18 

17 
18 
17 
17 
16 

53 

07 
24 
48 
34 

2 
0 
2 
1 

2 

1 
3 

7 
5 

7 

II. 

4 
4 
4 
4 

38 

24 
00 
46 

16 

18 
16 
17 

53 

22 
48 
02 

2 
4 
1 
3 

2 
5 
0 
9 

II. 

5 

1 
2 

II. 

5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 

10 
09 
54 
40 
12 
55 
19 

17 

17 
16 
15 
18 
17 
16 

39 
08 
OS 
20 
14 
01 
35 

1 

4 
5 
2 
3 
6 
6 

8  1            ^ 

4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 

50 
09 
22 
49 
30 
34 

16 
16 
17 
16 
16 
17 

13 

55 
40 
5G 
27 
05 

III. 

8 
2 
8 
8 
9 
1 

III. 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

09 
59 
05 
34 
53 
00 
46 
26 
09 
51 

15 
IG 
16 
16 
17 
15 
15 
17 
17 
16 

54 
34 
59 
59 
07 
27 
41 
44 
45 
33 

3 

4 
1 
3 
1 
2 
3 
1 
3 
4 

7 
3 
8 
5 
3 
0 
8 
8 
2 
1 

III. 

1 
3 
2 
5 
4 

8 
6 
5 
0 

8 

4 
4 
4 

46 
56 
25 

14 
16 
15 

18 
13 

48 

0 
2 
2 

0 
0 
0 

IV. 

5 

57 

15 

13 

3 

0 

IV. 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

10     17 
57  i  16 
06  '  17 
59     16 
35     16 

23 
Ob- 
OS 
10 
38 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

IV. 

MEANS.                                                                                                 1 

3 
3 

31 
31 

16  1  56 

...  1   ... 
1 

2 

0 

26 

26 

4 
4 

34 
34 

16 

38 

3 

3 

19 
19 

5 
5 

30 
30 

16      59 

4 

2 

17 
17 

The   value   14''  18™    is    rejected, 
hence  new  mean — 

The  three  highest  anil  three  low- 
est values  of  tlio  intervals  balance 
in  the  mean. 

4 

34 

16 

45 

18 

J 


RECORD   AND    REDUCTION    OF    THE    TIDES. 


65 


Table  for  the  Reduction  of  Tides No.  2. 

Showing  the  Interval  between  tl 

e  App.  Time  of  the  Moon' 

3  Inferior  Transit  and  the  Time  of  Low  1 

Water,  and  also  the  Heights 

of  Low  Water,  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  from  Four  Series  of  1 

Observations  made  between  October  10,  1853,  and  October  22,  1854. 

G"  to  v. 

1"  to  8". 

8"  to  S". 

Moon's 

Lunitidal 

i  • 

Moon's 

Lunitidal  | 

Moon's 

Lunitidal 

a  S 

transit. 

interval. 

Height  of 

>  'u. 

transit. 

interval.    Height  of 

n 

transit. 

interval. 

Height  of 

£-C 

S  " 

T.    „..(„■ 

S  " 

JU'TS 

■ 

•S'^ 

"ttivi. 

App.  time. 

L.  water. 

O    ^ 

App.  time. 

L.  water. 

App.  time. 

L.  water. 

°  a 

ll 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft. 

Deo. 

H. 

M. 

H. 

M. 

Ft.    Dec. 

H. 

M. 

H.   1  M. 

Ft. 

Dec. 

6 

57 

18 

46 

4 

4 

7 

54 

17 

49 

4 

0 

8 

47 

18 

27 

3 

7 

6 

07 

16 

39 

5 

2 

7 

46 

17 

00 

5 

5 

8 

35 

19 

11 

5 

1 

6 

57 

17 

49 

6 

1 

7 

38 

17 

08 

4 

3 

8 

25 

IS 

21 

2 

3 

6 

48 

17 

58 

4 

0 

I. 

i 

11 

18 

31 

6 

9 

8 

44 

19 

28 

3 

4 

I. 

6 

25 

17 

48 

3 

4 

7 

56 

18 

46 

4 

3 

r. 

8 

25 

19 

11 

1 

7 

6 

14 

18 

54 

3 

5 

7 

00 

18 

07 

3 

e 

8 

50 

19 

08 

2 

9 

6 

94 

17 

3ii 

4 

fi 

7 

4'', 

18 

?,5 

5 

s 

7 
7 

10 
59 

17 
18 

05 
45 

4 

4 

1 

8 

8  i  26 

8    ;     10 

18 
20 

49 
36 

3 

5 

8 
7 

6 

06 

17 

40 

4 

5 

g 

51 

16 

25 

3 

7 
3 

8 
8 

03 
53 

20 
19 

18 
42 

3 

5 

9 
4 

II. 

6 

10 

17 

36 

4 

II. 

7 

38 

19 

08 

4 

7 

6 

01 

16 

41 

5 

7 

7 

09 

21 

07 

4 

7 

II. 

8 

12 

18 

12 

5 

3 

6 

ft?. 

17 

08 

5 

5 

7 

n 

18 

49, 

5 

3 

8 
8 

07 
59 

19 
19 

10 
33 

4 

1 

0 

8 

6 

17 

17 

59 

5 

1 

7 

13 

18 

18 

4 

0 

6 

07 

17 

57 

3 

0 

7 

14 

17 

35 

6 

0 

8 

02 

17 

02 

5 

2 

6 

59 

20 

05 

8 

8 

7 

47 

18 

47 

3 

7 

8 

48 

17 

16 

4 

4 

6 

38 

17 

24 

5 

6 

III. 

7 

22 

18 

10 

6 

1 

III. 

8 

32 

18 

47 

2 

5 

6 

27 

17 

02 

3 

2 

7 

11 

18 

18 

4 

0 

8 

07 

19 

55 

4 

3 

III. 

6 

39 

17 

47 

6 

5 

/ 

54 

19 

35 

4 

4 

8 

54 

17 

53 

4 

0 

6 

31 

18 

53 

4 

8 

7 

26 

18 

30 

6 

0 

8 

37 

18 

22 

3 

0 

6  :  07 

18 

47 

5 

7 

7 

16 

18 

08 

4 

4 

8 

18 

IS 

37 

5 

6 

8 

01 

17 

53 

4 

5 

6      ."ifl 

17 

11 

4 

5 

7 

17 

16 

18 

5       0 

IV. 

6 

58 

16 

16 

3 

0 

IV. 

8 

08 

15 

58 

5 

0 

8 

58 

18 

08 

5 

0 

IV. 

8 

34 

18 

41 

3 

0 

MEANS. 

6 

31 

17     45 

22 

7 

28 

18 

18 

21 

8     29     18 

41 

24 

6 

31 

4 

6        22 

7 

28 

... 

i 

8 

21 

8     29      ... 

... 

4 

6 

24 

The   high   value  20"  05"'  is   re- 

The high   value   21"  07" 

is   re- 

The  low  value  15"  58'"  is  rej 

ected. 

jected,  hence  new  mean — 

jected,  hence  new  mean — 

hence  new  mean — 

6 

30 

17 

39 

21 

7 

29 

18 

10 

20 

8 

30 

18 

48 

23 

66 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OF    THE   TIDES. 


Table  foe  the  Reduction  of  Tides. — No.  2. 

Showing  the  Interval  between  the  App.  Time  of  the  Moon's  Inferior  Transit  and  the  Time  of  Low 
Water,  and  also  the  Heights  of  Low  Water,  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  from  Four  Series  of 
Observations  made  between  October  10,  1853,  to  October  22,  1855. 


9"  to  10". 


Moon's 
transit. 

App.  time. 


M. 


tunitidal 
interval. 


L.  water. 


Height  of 
L.  water. 


H.   M.  Ft.  Dec. 


18 
18 
19 
18 
19 
19 
18 
19 


37 
63 
07 
54 
08 
00 
16 
12 


20 
18 


00  3 
35  2 
43   4 


45 
01 
03 
19 
36 


19 
26 


^•1 


II. 


III. 


IV. 


10"  to  11". 


Moon's 
transit. 


App.  time. 


M. 


11 
34 
24 
31 


33 
45 
02 
46 


Lunitidal 
interval. 


L.  water. 


18 
18 
18 
18 
IS 


18 
18 
18 
18 
19 
18 
18 


M. 


Height  of 
L.  water. 


Ft.    Dec. 


II. 


III. 


IV. 


11"  to  12". 


Moon's 
transit. 


App.  time. 


Lunitidal 
interval. 


L.  water. 


M. 


30 
4G 
13 
43 


H.     M. 


Height  of 
L.  water. 


Ft.    Dec. 


01 

18 

00 

52 

19 

09 

15 

18 

15 

59 

17 

01 

20 

18 

06 

17 

17 

48 

18 
17 
18 
18 


47 
59 
49 
42 


2 

0 

3 

— 1 


16 

19 

IB 

09 

18 

40 

28 

19 

05 

38 

18 

23 

44 

19 

14 

20 

18 

05 

17 

15 

50  1 

36 

17 

36 

30 

17 

45 

fS 


II. 


in. 


IV. 


MEANS. 


30 
30 

19 

06 

3 

"o 

18 
18 


The  highest  value  211"  00""  is  re- 
jected, hence  new  mean — 


9      30      19      00 


17 


10 

29 

18 

19 

10 

29 

i 

9 

20 
20 


11 

28 

18 

14 

11 

28 

... 

... 

1 

4 

19 
19 


The  low  value  15''  50°"  is  rejected, 
hence  new  mean — 


11      28      18      21 


18 


i 


RECORD    AND    REDUCTION   OF   THE   TIDES.  67 

The  preceding  tables  (No.  2)  contain  the  individual  and  mean  values  for  interval 
and  height,  for  high  and  lovp  vv^ater,  and  the  moon's  upper  and  lower  transit.  The 
mean,  in  some  cases,  was  improved  by  the  application  of  Peirce's  criterion  for  the 
rejection  of  doubtful  observations ;  a  few  other  rejections  were  made,  as  stated,  in 
order  to  obtain  a  well-balanced  mean;  of  982  observations  of  the  interval,  but  17 
were  thus  rejected. 

Half -mo7ithly  Inequality . — For  the  comparison  of  the  observed  with  the  theoretical 
values,  it  is  customary  to  use  the  forms  of  the  equilibrium  theory  or  of  the  wave 
theory,'  certain  modifications  being  necessary  to  produce  an  agreement  between 
these  theories  with  observation.  According  to  the  equilibrium  theory  the  formula 
for  the  position  of  the  pole  of  the  tidal  spheroid  is : 

tan.2e'  =  -  J''^''-^^    , 

h'  +  h  COS.  2  <p 

where  h  and  h'  are  the  elevations  of  the  spheroid  due  to  the  sun  and  moon  respect- 
ively, 0  the  angular  distance  of  the  moon  from  the  sun  and  6'  the  angular  distance 
of  the  pole  of  the  spheroid  (or  of  high  water)  from  the  moon's  place.  In  reality, 
however,  the  pole  of  this  spheroid  follows  the  moon  at  a  certain  distance,  the  mean 
value  X'  of  which  is  known  as  the  "  mean  establishment"  (also  fundamental  hour, 
corrected  establishment),  and  which  corresponds  to  a  distance  of  the  sun  and  moon 
of  4)  —  a  instead  of  ^.  This  retroposition  of  the  theoretical  tide  has  been  called 
the  age  of  the  tide.  For  the  comparison  of  the  observed  and  computed  values 
for  the  half-monthly  inequality  in  time,  we  have  the  formula :  '^ 

tan.  2  (6'  -  X')  =  -  ^^^ipr.^) 

^  h'  +  hcos.2{^  —  a) 

This  inequality  goes  through  its  period  twice  in  each  mouth.     Proper  values  have 

to  be  found  for  the  ratio  —  and  the  angle  a. 

h'  " 

The  observations  of  480  high  waters  furnish  us  with  the  following  values,  derived 

from  the  preceding  tabulation  on  form  No.  2 : — 


'  An  account  of  the  Equilibrium,  Laplace's  and  the  Wave  Theories,  will  be  found  in  the  Eucyclopcedia 
of  Astronomy,  forming  a  portion  of  the  Bncyclopisdia  Metropolitana,  London,  1848  ;  article  "  On  Tides 
and  Waves,"  by  G.  B.  Airy,  Esq.,  Astronomer  Royal. 

'  Phil.  Trans.  Royal  Society,  1834,  Part  I.  On  the  Empirical  Laws  of  the  Tides  in  the  Port  of 
London,  with  some  Reflections  on  the  Theory ;  by  the  Rev.  W.  Whewell. 

See  also  Phil.  Trans.  Royal  Society,  1 836,  Part  I.  Researches  on  the  Tides,  fourth  series :  On  the 
Empirical  Laws  of  the  Tides  in  the  Port  of  Liverpool.     By  the  Rev.  W.  Whewell. 


68 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION    OF    THE    TIDES. 


From  a 

's  upper  ti-ausit. 

From  (L's  lower  transit. 

From  d's  upper  and  lower  transit. 

Apparent 

Lunitidal 

No.  of 

Apparent 

Lunitidal 

No.  of 

Apparent 

Lunitidal 

No.  of 

solar  time  of 

interval. 

observa- 

solar time  of 

interval. 

observa- 

solar time  of 

interval. 

observa- 

moon's transit. 

tions. 

moon's  transit. 

tions. 

moon's  transit. 

tions. 

C   29" 

Ill,    40m 

18 

O""   29" 

IP  34" 

25 

0"  29"' 

ll"  37" 

43 

1     29 

11     12 

22 

1     31 

11     13 

21 

1     30 

11     12 

43 

2    32 

11     04 

20 

2     27 

10     59 

20 

2     30 

11     01 

40 

3     30 

10     57 

19 

3     31 

10     40 

26 

3     30 

10     47 

45 

4    27 

10     52 

21 

4     33 

11     01 

20 

4     30 

10     56 

41 

5     27 

10     53 

19 

5     30 

11     04 

17 

5     29 

10     58 

36 

6     31 

11     45 

17 

6     33 

12     13 

19 

6     32 

11     59 

36 

7     28 

12     26 

20 

7     33 

12    28 

18 

7     30 

12    27 

38 

8     32 

12     42 

24 

8     29 

12    44 

21 

8     30 

12    43 

45 

9     32 

12    36 

18 

9     30 

12    07 

18 

9     31 

12     22 

36 

10    32 

12    23 

20 

10    29 

12     18 

19 

10     30 

12     21 

89 

11     32 

12     17 

19 

11     28 

12     16 

19 

11     30 

12     16 

38 

Mean  and  ) 
sum       ) 

11     44 

237 

Mean  and  ) 
sum       ) 

11     43 

243 

Mean  and  ) 
sum       J 

11     43.3 

480 

The  mean  establishment  resulting  from  the  observed  times  of  480  high  waters 
at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor  is  therefore  11''  43.3"",  referred  to  the  moon's  transit 
immediately  preceding  and  corresponding  to  a  mean  horizontal  parallax  of  the 
moon  and  sun,  and  to  the  moon's  and  sun's  declination  of  16°  nearlj'.  The  mean 
interval  corresponds  to  the  moon's  transit  of  ()''  21"  nearly,  indicating  that  the 
epoch  would  have  come  out  0''  0™  if  transit  E  (see  An  Elementary  Treatise  on  the 
Tides,  by  J.  W.  Lubback,  Esq.,  London,  1839)  or  that  immediately  preceding 
transit  F  had  been  used. 

In  like  manner  we  obtain  the  following  table  from  the  observed  times  of  485 
loiv  icaters  at  Van  Kensselaer  Harbor : — 


From  C 

's  upper  trans 

it. 

From  (£'s  lower  transit. 

From  ([^  's  upper  and  lower  transit. 

Apparent 

Lunitidal 

No.  of 

Apparent 

Lunitidal 

No.  of 

Apparent      1      Lunitidal 

No.  of 

.solar  time  of 

interval. 

observa- 

solar time  of 

interval. 

observa- 

solar time  of  j       interval. 

observa- 

moon's transit. 

tions. 

moon's  transit. 

tions. 

moon's  transit. ' 

tions. 

fi"   30"» 

I711   4i,|.n 

21 

Oil   30'° 

17"  50"° 

24 

0''   30'"             17'"   50- 

45 

1     28 

17     39 

22 

1     34 

17     58 

20 

1     31 

17     48 

42 

2     31 

17    43 

21 

2     28 

17     15 

20 

2    30 

17     29 

41 

3     2S 

17     04 

20 

3     31 

16     56 

26 

3     30 

16     59 

46 

4    27 

16     52 

21 

4     34 

16     45 

18 

4     30 

16    49 

39 

5     27 

17     02 

16 

5     30 

16     59 

17 

5     29 

17     00 

33 

6    28 

17    42 

16 

6     30 

17     39 

21 

6     30       1       17     40 

37 

7     29 

18     24 

20 

7     29 

IS     10 

20 

7     29       1       18     17 

40 

8     30 

18     15 

25 

8     29 

IS    48 

23 

8     30 

18     31 

48 

9     32 

18     28 

18 

9     30 

19     00 

17 

9     31 

18    43 

35 

10     32 

18     19 

22 

10     29 

IS     19 

20 

10     30 

18     19 

42 

n    32 

IS    01 

r.) 

11     2S 

IS     21 

18 

11     30 

18    n 

37 

Mean  and  \ 
Bum        J 

17     46 

241 

Mean  and  ) 
sum       ) 

17     50 

244 

Mean  and  |   |        ^^     ^g^ 
sum       )    1 

485 

The  mean  establishment  r(^sultiiig  from  the  observed  times  of  485  low  waters  is 
17''  48.0"',  referred  to  the  moon's  transit  immediately  preceding  low  water,  and  the 
same  to  which  the  preceding  high  water  has  been  referred ;  the  difference  between 
the  two  mean  intervals  is  6''  04.7"". 

To  obtain  a  numerical  expression  for  the  half-monthly  inequality  in  time,  the 
value  for  a  should  be  determined  so  as  to  furnish,  in  jjurticular,  good  results  for 


RECORD   AND    REDUCTION   OF   THE   TIDES. 


69 


o^  30",  6''  30"',  7''  30'",  Avherc  the  curve  is  steepest ;  the  value  —  is    obtained  from 

the  greatest  range  of  the  inequality  determined,  for  a  first  approximation,  by  a 
graphical  process.  I  find  from  the  observed  high  waters  a  =  0''  21""  or  5°  15',  and 
from  the  low  waters  a  =  0''  50'"  or  12°  30'.  Kange  of  inequality,  from  the  high 
waters,  1''  51""  or  27°  48',  the  sin.  of  which  is  0.4649,  and  for  the  low  waters,  range 
l*"  54"°  or  28°  30',  the  sin.  of  which  is  0.4771 ;  hence  the  expression  for  the  half- 
monthly  inequality  in  time  becomes 

From  the  observed  high  waters  tan.  2(0'— 175°49'.5)=—    ^"^^^^^  ^"'-  ^  (<?>  — 5°  IgO 
"  ^  ^  l  +  0.4649co5.2((?)— 5°15') 

»        «  u  1  4-        *        r,,n>      crionn,\  0.4771  sm.  2  (d)  —  12°  30') 

"      "         "         low  waters  tan.  2  (6 — 26  i°  00')= — i-l ^ 

^  ^  1+0.4771  COS.  2  (<?)— 12°  30' 

These  expressions  furnish  us  with  the  following  comparison : — 

HALF-MONTHLY  INEQUALITY  IN  TIME. 


) 


From  high  waters. 

From  low  waters.                                   1 

Apparent 

Observed. 

Computed. 

Difference. 

Apparent 

Observed. 

Computed. 

Difference. 

solar  time  of 

solar  time  of 

moon's  transit. 

moon's  transit. 

Ill'  29'" 

—  6'" 

—  3"' 

—  3'" 

0"   30" 

+  2"' 

+   6"' 

_   4m 

1    30 

—31 

22 

—  9 

1     31 

0 

—13 

+13 

2    30 

—42 

—39 

—  3 

2     30 

—19 

—31 

+12 

3     30 

—56 

-52 

—  4 

3     30 

—49 

—47 

—  2 

4    30 

—47 

—55 

+   8 

4     30 

—59 

—56 

—  3 

5     29 

—45 

—38 

—  7 

5     29 

—48 

—52 

+  4 

6     32 

+16 

+  8 

+  8 

6     30 

—  8 

—18 

+10 

7     30 

+44 

+46 

2 

7     29 

+29 

+33 

—  4 

8     30 

+60 

+56 

+  4 

8     30 

+43 

+56 

—13 

9    31 

+39 

+4S 

—  9 

9     31 

+  55 

+54 

+  1 

10    30 

+38 

+34 

+  4 

10     30 

4-31 

+42 

—11 

U    30 

+33 

+16 

+  17 

11     30 

+23 

+25 

9 

Considering  that  the  times  of  high  and  low  water  are  only  observed  to  the 
nearest  half  hour  and  for  some  time  to  the  nearest  hour,  the  agreement  as  shown 
above  and  by  the  diagrams,  seems  to  be  satisfactory. 

Observed  and  computed  half-monthly  inequality  in  time  for  ohservations. 
Of  the  high  waters.  Of  the  low  waters. 


+11'  00" 
50 
40 
30 
20 
10 


10 

20 
30 
40 
50 
_lh  00- 


\. 

m 

■ 

r 

\ 

/ 

"> 

s 

1 

\ 

/ 

\ 

1 

\ 

V 

\ 

1 

\ 

* 

on 

. 

\ 

' 

\, 

\ 

\ 

n 

s 

\ 

\. 

\ 

\ 

\ 

\ 

\ 

\ 

'N 

1 

/*o 

\ 

\ 

y 

V 

k 

^ 

.    l\lO 

"' 

V 

i 

0"  1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9  10  11  12'' 


0"  1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9  10  11  121' 


30"' 


30'" 


30"' 


H         l(        tt        tl 


((         ((        ((         ((        ((        It 


30"' 


70 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OF   THE   TIDES. 


In  the  above  diagram,  the  observed  values  are  indicated  by  dots ;  the  computed 
values  are  represented  by  curves.     From  the  times  we  have  seen  the  mean  value 

^  (or  ^  of  the  wave  theory  and  (A)  of  Lubbock's)  =  0.471,  and  a  =  0*^  36" ;  hence, 
h'  \     31"  J         \    ^ 

the  age  of  the  tide,  or  the  time  requisite  for  the  moon  to  increase  its  right  ascen- 
sion by  that  amount,  becomes  ff  days,  or  18  hours. 

Half-mottfhij/  Inequalify  in   Height. — The    theoretical   expression    for   the   half 
monthly  inequality  in  height  of  high  water  is: 

,7  =  ^/  J/t'2  +  A^  +  2  h'hcos.  2  cp\' 

where  y;  expresses  the  height  of  the  \)o\e  of  the  equilibrium  spheroid  above  the 
mean  level  of  the  surface ;  for  its  application,  and  according  to  the  wave  theory,  it 
must  be  changed  to: 

,7  =  v/  \h''  +  h"+  2h'h  COS.  2  (^— a)  p 
The  foUowingi  table  contains  the  results  of  the  observations  from  the  high  and 
low  waters,  and  the  moon's  superior  and  inferior  transit: 


From 

superior  transits. 

From  inferior  transits. 

Means. 

Moon's 

Height  of 

Number. 

Moon's 

Height  of 

Number. 

Height  of 

Number. 

transit. 

high  water. 

transit. 

high  water. 

high  water. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

0''  SI-" 

12.1 

20 

0i>   29" 

12.2 

25 

12.1 

45 

1     29 

11.6 

22 

1     31 

12.3 

21 

11.9 

43 

2     29 

11.8 

20 

2     27 

11.8 

19 

11.8 

39 

3     29 

10.9 

21 

3     31 

11.1 

26 

11.0 

47 

4    27 

10.5 

22 

4    33 

10.5 

20 

10.5 

42 

5     27 

9.5 

20 

5     30 

9.4 

18 

9.5 

38 

6     29 

9.1 

19 

6     34 

9.1 

20 

9.1 

39 

7     29 

9.1 

21 

7     33 

9.6 

18 

9.3 

39 

8     32 

9.9 

24 

8    30 

9.7 

23 

9.8 

47 

9     31 

10.4 

19 

9     30 

10.4 

19 

10.4 

38 

10     31 

n.i 

21 

10     29 

10.9 

19 

11.0 

40 

11     32 

11.7 

19 

11     28 

11.5 

19 

11.6 

38 

248 

247 

10.67 

495 

From 

superior  transi 

ts. 

From  inferior  transits. 

Means. 

Moon's 

Height  of 

Number. 

Moon's 

Height  of 

Number. 

Height  of 

Number. 

transit. 

low  water. 

transit. 

low  water. 

low  water. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

C   .30°' 

1.7 

21 

0"   30"' 

1.1 

24 

1.4 

45 

1     29 

1.3 

23 

1     33 

1.1 

20 

1.2 

43 

2     311 

1.7 

20 

2     28 

1.7 

20 

1.7 

40 

3     27 

2.1 

20 

3     31 

2.0 

26 

2.0 

46 

4    27 

3.1 

22 

4     34 

3.3 

19 

3.2 

41 

r,     27 

4.1 

18 

!")     30 

4.2 

17 

4.1 

35 

G     29 

4.2 

18 

C,     31 

4.6 

22 

4.4 

40 

7     29 

4.6 

21 

7     28 

4.8 

21 

4.7 

42 

s     30 

.3.7 

2.0 

8     29 

4.0 

24 

3.8 

49 

:•    32 

2.6 

18 

9     30 

3.0 

18 

2.8 

36 

10     32 

1.9 

22 

1(1     29 

1.9 

20 

1.9 

42 

11     32 

1.3 

19 

11     28 

1.4 

19 

1.4 

38 

247 

250 

2.72 

497 

'   Sue  I'liil.  Trans.  Ruyul  Soc,  1«.'J4  tuid  1830. 

»  EncyclopiEtlia  Metropolitaiia,  Tides  and  Waves,  Art.  (535).     The  expression  given  by  Mr.  Lub- 
bock is  : 

l,==r>+  (E)  .[  (]  _,.  1)  (A)ro..:  (24  — 2t)  +  (1  +  5-')fo.«.  24]-  ; 
'■  c  ) 

for  wliiuii  see  liis  treatiw. 


RECORD   AND  REDUCTION   OF   THE   TIDES. 


71 


The  values  for  h',  h  and  a  were  found  from  the  maxima  and  minima  values  of  the 
inequality,  viz.,  for  the  high  water: 

y  =  V  \  lO.G-  +  1.5'  +  31.8  COS.  2  (  <?)  — 15°)| ; 
for  the  low  waters : 

y  =  ^  12.95-  +  1.75^—5.16  cos.  2  (<?.  —  15)| ; 
These  expressions  may  be  changed  to 

y  =  10.6  +  1.5  COS.  2  (^—15°),  andy  =  2.7—1.7  cos.  2  ((|)— 15°); 
they  leave  the  following  differences  between  the  computed  and  observed  values: — 


Moon's  transit. 

Height  of  high  water. 

Height  of  low  water. 

Computed. 

Observed. 

Difference. 

Computed. 

Observed. 

Difference. 

Oil  30™ 

1  30 

2  30 

3  30 

4  30 

5  30 

6  30 

7  30 

8  30 

9  30 

10  30 

11  30 

12.1 

12.0 

11.7 

11.0 

10.2 

9.5 

9.1 

9.2 

9.5 

10.2 

11.0 

11.7 

12.1 

11.9 

11. S 

11.0 

10.5 

9.5 

9.1 

9.3 

9.8 

10.4 

11.0 

11.6 

0.0 
—0.1 
+0.1 

0.0 
+0.3 

0.0 

0.0 
+0.1 
+0.3 
+  0.2 

0.0 
—0.1 

1.1 
1.1 
1.5 
2.3 
3.1 
3.9 
4.3 
4.3 
3.9 
3.1 
2.3 
1.5 

1.4 
1.2 
1.7 
2.0 
3.2 
4.1 
4.4 
4.7 
3.8 
2.8 
1.9 
1.4 

+0.3 
+0.1 
+0.2 
—0.3 
+0.1 
+0.2 
+0.1 
+0.4 
—0.1 
—0.3 
—0.4 
—0.1 

The  differences  may  be  considered  within  the  uncertainty  of  the  observations. 
The  annexed  diagram  shows  the  comparison  given  above : — 

Observed  and  computed  half-monthly  inequality  in  height  from  observations. 
Of  the  high  waters.  Of  the  low  waters. 


^~ 

^i 

7h 

/■~\ 

\ 

/ 

-s 

\ 

/- 

— 

N 

^ 

.-V 

\ 

\ 

/ 

\ 

\ 

/ 

\ 

y 

/ 

\ 

/ 

/ 

\ 

, 

/ 

/ 

' 

\ 

/ 

/ 

— 

\ 

/ 

/ 

\ 

/ 

\ 

1 

1 

\ 

/ 

/ 

\ 

/ 

' 

/ 

f 

\ 

' 

/ 

\ 

J 

V 

/ 

\ 

_/ 

/ 

' 

\ 

/ 

0  foct 

E 

'.f 

_ 

0"  1    2    3    4    5    6    7   8    9  10 11  12" 

OQlU   ((       ((        t(       ((       (t        ((       i(       ((       t(       ((       t*      30™ 


C  1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9  10  11  12" 

30" 


tt       (C       (( 


((      ((      t(     u     ((     i(     Qnm 


30" 


From  the  inequality  in  height— or  -— ^  (notation  of  the  wave  theory)  =  0.367 


7  C" 

whereas  from  the  inequality  in  times  —  or  — — 
^         ^  h'       M" 


=  0.471 


72  RECORD    AND    REDUCTION   0^   THE    TIDES. 

The  ratio^  of  the  solar  to  the  lunar  tide  is  deduced  with  more  exactness  from  the 
inequality  in  times,  and  the  above  value  is  certainly  greater  than  the  average  value 
deduced  at  more  southern  stations.  One  of  the  reasons  why  this  ratio  is  not  con- 
stant, and  which  probably  applies  here,  is  given  in  (538,  /3)  (Tides  and  Waves), 
viz. :  If  tides  are  communicated  by  different  channels  to  the  same  port,  the  pro- 
portion of  the  solar  and  lunar  waves  will  depend  on  the  length  of  those  channels. 
This  explanation  would  require  a  polar  tide  to  enter  through  Kennedy  Channel, 
to  combine  Avith  the  principal  tide  which  passes  up  Baffin's  Bay,  and  enters  by 
Smith's  Straits.  According  to  the  equilibrium  theory,  there  should  be  no  tide  at 
the  pole,  and  but  a  small  tide  in  latitude  781° ;  but  it  is  the  tide  wave  propagated 
fi-om  the  Atlantic,  which  is  felt  in  this  part  of  the  polar  regions.  With  regard  to 
a,  its  value  as  found  by  the  heights  is  more  accurate  than  that  found  by  the  times; 
the  latter  gave  a  =  9°,  the  former  15°  (the  same  from  high  and  low  waters). 
Adopting  15°,  the  retard  or  age  of  the  tide  becomes  li  day,  by  which  interval  the 
spring  and  neap  tides  follow  the  syzygies  and  quadratures,  respectively.  The  time- 
value  of  a  is  here  smaller  than  the  height- value,  which  is  more  in  accordance  with 
theory  than  the  opposite,  as  observed  at  a  number  of  places  on  the  coast  of  England 
(543  and  546,  Tides  and  Waves).  Compared  with  other  values  of  a,  the  Van  Rens- 
selaer value  appears  somewhat  smaller  than  an  average  at  more  southern  stations. 

We  have  further,  mean  rise  and  fall  of  tides  at  Van  Rensselaer  Bay  7.9  feet, 
range  of  spring  tides  11.1  feet,  and  range  of  neap  tides  4.7  feet.  These  numbers 
are  averages  from  the  discussions  of  9i  lunations,  and  obtain  without  regard  to  the 
diurnal  inequality,  which  will  be  investigated  further  on. 

Effect  of  the  Changes  in  the  Moon's  Declination  and  Parallax  on  the  half-monthly 
Inequality,  in  Time. — In  reference  to  the  investigation  of  the  half-monthly  inequa- 
lity, it  is  comparatively  of  little  consequence  which  transit  of  the  moon  is  taken 
for  comparison  ;  it  is  otherwise  in  the  investigation  of  the  effect  of  a  change  in  the 
moon's  declination  and  parallax,  as  well  as  for  a  similar  effect  due  to  the  sun,  which 
latter,  however,  cannot  become  a  subject  of  investigation  for  the  tidal  series  in 
hand,  on  account  of  its  short  extent;  for  the  same  reason,  the  variation  in  the  ine- 
quality, in  height,  will  have  to  be  passed  over.  To  ascertain  the  effect  due  to  the 
moon's  declination  and  parallax,  an  anterior  value,  corresponding  to  a  certain  age 
of  tlie  tide,  is  to  be  taken  in  the  comparison ;  the  preceding  investigation  gave  for 
the  retard  li  day,  each  lunitidal  interval,  minus  its  corresponding  mean  value  for 
the  respective  hour  of  the  moon's  transit,  was  therefore  tabulated  in  respect  to  the 
moon's  declination  and  parallax  (separately  for  each),  corresponding  to  one  day  ante- 
rior to  the  time  of  high  or  low  water,  thus  referring  the  results  to  transit  E.  The 
present  investigation  ran  only  furnish  an  approximation  to  the  true  results ;  the 


S" 
'  For  comparison  of  different  values  for  this  ratio,  tlic  following  have'  been  selected : for  London, 

M" 

O..370;  for  Piymoutli,  0.407  ;  from  tlie  discissions  of  the  Superintendent  of  the  U.  S.  Coast  Survey,  for 
Key  West,  0.325  ;  San  Diego,  0.39;  and  San  Francisco,  0.342.   (Annual  Hqmis  of  1853  and  '54.) 

- —  for  Dundee,  0.277  ;  for  Brest,  0.340  ;  for  Plymouth,  0.294. 
jW" 


J 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OF   THE   TIDES. 


73 


observations,  while  they  give  reliable  value  for  the  half-monthly  inequality,  cannot 
be  expected  to  give  more  than  an  approximation  to  its  variations.  For  any  one 
station,  and  any  one  inequality  or  correction  to  it,  special  examinations  require  to 
be  made  to  ascertain  that  transit  of  the  moon,  best  suited  for  the  purpose;  this  has 
hardly  been  done  for  any  standard  station,  and  it  suffices  to  state  here  that,  by 
referring  to  an  anterior  transit,  the  whole  half-monthly  inequality  is  moved  back- 
ward through  nearly  twenty-four  minutes  for  every  transit  preceding.  Upon  the 
inequality  itself,  the  effect  is  but  of  a  differential  character.  Thus  to  refer  our 
table  to  transit  E,  deduct  24'"  from  eacli  value. 

To  concentrate  as  many  values  as  possible  to  a  mean,  the  changes  of  declination 
and  parallax  were  grouped  for  three  values.  The  separate  parcels  for  declination 
are  for  declination  0  to  13°,  13°  to  21°,  and  21°  to  27°.5,  irrespective  of  sign.  The 
parallax  groups  are:  54'  to  56',  56'  to  58',  and  58'  to  6r.4. 

The  differences  of  interval  for  the  high  and  low  waters  were  made  out  separatelv, 
and,  in  general,  agreed  tolerably  well.     I  obtained  tlie  following  results : — 


TABLE  SHOWING  THE  CORRECTION  (IN  MINUTES)  TO  THE  MEAN  HOURLY  INTERVAL,  FOR  A  CHANGE  IN  THE 

moon's  DECLINATION  AND  PARALLAX. 


Moon's  transit. 

Correction  to  i 

nterval  for  moon's  declination. 

Correction  to  interval  for  moon's  parallax. 

0°  to  IS^ 

IS''  to  21°. 

21°  to  27°.5. 

54'  to  56'. 

56'  to  58'. 

58'  to  6]'.4. 

0"    SO" 

_  2"> 

_   7m 

+   5" 

— 12ra 

+14- 

—  7™ 

1     30 

+15 

—   5 

—18 

—17 

+17 

+  s 

2     30 

+  21 

—  7 

—12 

—11 

+12 

—  2 

3     30 

+  23 

—11 

—  1) 

—  1 

+20 

—10 

4     30 

+   9 

0 

—  13 

—  1 

+  1 

—  3 

5     30 

+  14 

+  4 

—1.5 

+16 

+  19 

— 3(; 

H     30 

—  9 

J-IS 

—  3 

+  7 

—  3 

—  2 

7     30 

+  1 

—13 

+  9 

+  5 

—  3 

—  6 

8     30 

.> 

+  9 

+  15 

+26 

—10 

+   8 

9     30 

—  6 

+  1 

+22 

+  9 

—11 

10     30 

+   1 

—  U 

--10 

+  10 

—  n 

—  7 

11     30 

»7 

+  3 

—  4 

+  i 

+  ■i 

Mean 

+  5"' 

—    1°' 

—  l'» 

+  2"' 

+  4"' 

—  .'j"| 

No.  of  observ. 

373 

2G2 

34-- 

3s7 

244 

333 

Mean  declination  10°. n. 


Mean  parallax  57'.0. 


The  above  table  of  declination  corrections  exhibits  systematic  values  for  the 
periodical  part  of  the  lunar  effect,  or  for  the  term  D  sin.  2  (<^ — y).  Between  0° 
and  13°  of  declination,  the  correction  is  positive  for  transits  between  l*"  and  1^,  for 
other  hours  negative;  for  declinations  between  13°  and  21°  it  is  positive,  between 
the  hours  of  4  and  10 ;  for  remaining  hours  it  is  negative,  and  for  declinations  21° 
to  27°. 5,  the  correction  is  positive,  for  hours  7  to  1,  and  negative  for  remainino- 
hours  of  transit.  The  quantity  D  is  accordingly  about  14  minutes,  and  y  equals 
15°,  60°,  and  105°  respectively. 

The  variation  in  the  inequality  due  to  the  changes  of  the  moon's  declination 
appears  large  when  comparetl  with  its  value  at  other  places,  but  is  in  conformity 
with  the  large  value  of  the  half-monthly  inequality  itself. 

The  periodical  part  of  the  parallax  correction  is  of  the  same  form  as  given  above. 
10 


74  RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OT   THE    TIDES. 

The  empirical  values  for  the  groups  of  small  and  middle  values  of  parallax  appear 
sj'stematic ;  the  values  in  the  last  column  for  large  parallax  are  less  regular.  The 
maximum  correction  on  the  average  is  somewhat  greater  than  one-fourth  of  an  hour. 

The  corrections  to  the  mean  establishment  for  changes  of  the  sun's  declination 
and  parallax  may  be  taken  as  one-third  of  the  corresponding  lunar  values,  and  in 
the  present  case  will  probably  not  exceed  five  minutes  of  time. 

The  means  of  each  column,  containing  the  non-periodical  part,  are  small,  and 
appear  rather  irregular;  they  are  variable  with  the  transit  or  the  moon's  age 
adopted  in  the  discussion.^ 

Diurnal  Inequality. — We  now  proceed  to  the  examination  of  a  prominent  feature 
in  the  Kensselaer  Harbor  tides,  namely,  the  diurnal  inequality.  This  inequality 
is  well  marked  in  the  diagrams,  Plates  I,  II,  and  III.  Although  the  existence  of 
this  inequality,  in  height  and  times,  has  long  been  known  to  practical  men,  it  was 
not  until  about  twenty-five  years  ago  that  its  laws  were  understood  and  reduced  to 
computation  by  Mr.  Whewell.^  The  subject  has  since  been  taken  up  by  the 
present  superintendent  of  the  U.  S.  Coast  Survey,  Prof  ]5ache ;''  his  researches 
commenced  about  nine  years  ago,  and  resulted  in  a  further  extension  of  the  method 
of  discussion  as  well  as  in  the  recognition  of  the  geographical  limits  of  the  pheno- 
mena on  our  own  coast ;  further,  tlie  discussion  of  single  day  tides,  produced  by 
this  inequality  in  extreme  cases,  and  here  complicated  by  an  extremely  small  rise 
and  fall  of  the  tides,  was  now  successfully  accomplished.  According  to  the  equi- 
librium theory,  the  diurnal  tide  ought  to  be  very  small  in  latitude  79°  ;  but  viewing 
the  Rensselaer  Harbor  tide  as  a  wave,  produced  principally  in  the  Atlantic,  and 
propagated  through  Davis's  and  Smith's  Straits,  the  existence  of  the  diurnal 
inequality  in  so  high  a  northern  latitude  cannot  surprise  us.  The  following  notes 
were  extracted  from  Captain  ]McClintock's  narrative  of  the  voyage  of  the  "  Fox," 


•  On  tbis  point  the  reader  may  consult  Wbeweirs  9tb  series  of  tidal  researcbes  :  "Laws  of  the  Tides 
from  a  Short  Series  of  Observations,"  Pbil.  Trans.  1838;  also  Airy,  "Tides  and  Waves,"  articles  552 
and  following. 

'  Researches  on  the  Tides,  sixth  series.  On  the  Results  of  an  Extensive  System  of  Tide  Observations 
made  on  the  Coasts  of  Europe  and  America  in  June,  1835.  By  the  Rev.  W.  Wbevvell.  Fhil.  Trans. 
Roy.  Soc.  1836. 

Researches  on  the  Tides,  seventh  series.  On  the  Diurnal  Inequality  of  the  Height  of  the  Tide,  espe- 
cially at  Plymouth  and  Singapore.     By  the  same  author.     Phil.  Trans.  1837. 

Researches  on  the  Tides,  eighth  series.  On  the  Progress  of  the  Diurnal  Itieqnality  Wave  along  the 
Coasts  of  Europe.     By  the  same  author.     Phil.  Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  1831. 

"  Note  on  a  Discussion  of  Tidal  Observations  at  Cat  Island  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  by  Prof  A.  D. 
Bache.  Coast  Survey  Report  for  1851,  App.  No.  7  ;  Additional  Notes  thereto,  Coast  Survey  Re|)ort 
for  1852,  App.  No.  22. 

On  the  Tides  at  Key  West  and  of  the  Western  Coast  of  the  United  States.  Coast  Survey  Report  for 
1853,  App.  Nos.  27  and  28.     By  Prof  A.  D.  Bache. 

Comparison  of  the  Diurnal  Inequality  of  the  Tides  at  San  Diego,  San  Francisco,  and  Astoria,  on  tlie 
Pacific  Coast  of  the  United  States.     Coast  Survey  Report  for  IS;")!,  App.  No.  2G.    By  Prof.  A.  D.  BacJie. 

Approximate  Co-Ti<lal  Lines  of  Diurnal  and  Senii-Diurnal  Tides  of  the  Coast  of  the  United  States 
on  the  Gulf  of  .Mexico.     Coast  Survey  Report  for  1856,  App.  No.  35.     By  Prof  A.  D.  Bache. 

For  the  theoretical  investigation  of  the  diurnal  tide,  see  also  Airy's  Tides  and  Waves,  articles  46  and 
following ;  and  articles  562  and  following. 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OF   THE   TIDES.  75 

in  1857,  '58,  '59.  Ilcfevring  to  I'cllot  Stmit:  "As  in  Greenland,  the  nij^'lit  tides 
are  much  higher  than  the  day  tides."  Speaking  of  the  ice  motion,  and  remarking 
that  the  tides  are  the  chief  cause  of  it,  he  says :  "  Now  we  know  that  the  night 
tides  in  Greenland  greatly  exceed  the  day  tides."  Also,  when  near  Buchan  Island, 
north  of  Upernavik,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Cape  Shacklcton:  "We  had  grounded 
during  the  day  tide,  and  were  floated  off  by  the  night  tide,  which  on  this  coast 
occasions  a  much  greater  rise  and  fall."  By  the  labors  of  Dr.  Kane  we  now  know 
that  the  diurnal  inequality  extends  as  high  up  as  79°  of  latitude  on  the  north- 
western coast  of  Upper  Greenland.  In  a  report  of  Mr.  Sonntag's  to  Dr.  Kane, 
dated  Godhavn,  Sept.  12,  1855,  he  says:  The  mean  height  of  spring  tides  is  12.8 
feet,  and  at  the  time  of  new  aiid  full  moon  high  water  is  at  12''  0'";  the  highest 
spring  tide  is  three  days  after  full  moon,  and  the  night  tide  is  at  this  time  fully 
three  feet  higher  than  the  day  tide.  At  Northumberland  Island,  Sept.  10,  1854, 
at  (after)  the  time  of  full  moon  high  water  was  at  11"  P.  M.,  and  the  night  tide 
rose  three  feet  more  than  the  day  tide.  These  statements,  crude  as  they  necessarily 
are,  show  that  the  attention  of  the  party  was  fully  directed  to  the  phenomenon. 

A  cursory  examination  of  the  Plates  (I,  II,  and  III)  shows  that  tlie  diurnal 
inequality  extends  without  exception  over  the  whole  series  of  observation,  that  it 
is  well  marked  in  the  diiierence  of  the  height  of  high  water,  but  very  little  or 
irregularly  in  the  height  of  low  water;  that  sometimes  the  day  tide,  at  other  times 
the  night  tide  is  the  higher  of  the  two  occurring  in  a  lunar  day ;  furtlier,  that  it 
vanishes  a  day  or  two  after  the  moon's  crossing  the  equator,  and  that  it  amounts 
in  maximo  to  about  three  feet  some  time  after  the  moon  attains  her  greatest 
declination.  There  is  but  one  instance  where  the  inequaUty  approximates  to  the 
production  of  a  single  day  tide.     See  curve  for  Nov.  23,  1853. 

We  may  now  enter  somewhat  more  fully  into  the  discussion  of  this  inequality, 
which  is  produced  by  the  interference  of  two  independent  waves,  the  diurnal  and 
the  semi-diurnal,  the  former  depending  for  its  size  chiefly  on  the  moon's  declina- 
tion. For  a  complete  study  of  these  compound  waves,  they  require  to  be  examined 
in  their  separate  parts,  and  it  would  therefore  be  our  first  object  to  effect  their 
separation  into  the  diurnal  and  the  semi-diurnal;  a  process  which,  when  graphically 
performed,  is  neither  too  laborious  nor  lacking  in  accuracy;  it  is  nevertheless  a 
process  of  some  nicety,  and  requires  observations  of  standard  excellence.  Upon 
trial,  I  found  the  less  rigorous  method  employed  by  Mr.  Whewell  in  his  discussion 
of  the  Plymouth  and  Singapore  tides,  was  better  suited  to  the  general  mass  of  the 
observations  at  Van  Rensselaer,  and  that  the  above  described  process  of  separation 
had  better  be  reserved  to  tliat  portion  of  our  observations  which  are  apparently 
of  the  best  character. 

The  observed  heights  of  high  and  low  water  were  laid  down  graphically,  and  a 
line  was  drawn  by  the  eye,  cutting  off  the  zigzags  of  the  successive  high  waters, 
leaving  equal  portions  above  and  below  the  intermediate  curve.  These  differences 
from  the  mean  height  were  then  set  off  from  another  axis,  and  tliose  belonging  to 
the  high  water  next  following  the  moon's  superior  transit  were  marked  by  a  curve 
of  dashes ;  those  following  the  moon's  inferior  transit  were  marked  by  a  curve  of 
dots.     These  curves,  without  exception,  were  found  to  have  alternately,  as  the 


76 


RECORD    AND    REDUCTIOX    OF   THE    TIDES. 


moon  Ims  north  or  south  declination,  positive  and  negative  ordinatcs,  in  perfect 
accordance  with  the  equilibrium  tlieory,  according  to  which  the  tide  (high  water) 
which  belongs  to  a  south  transit  of  the  moon  should  be  the  greater  of  the  two  of 
the  same  day,  the  moon's  declination  being  north,  or  should  be  the  smaller  of  the 
two,  the  moon  having  south  declination ;  when  the  moon  crosses  the  equator  (or, 
according  to  experience,  some  time  after  it),  the  inequality  vanishes ;  the  time  by 
which  the  full  effect  is  produced  is,  as  in  other  cases  of  the  application  of  this 
theory,  later  than  theoretically  indicated.  On  Plate  III  are  given  specimens  of  the 
diurnal  inequality  curve,  constructed  as  explained  above  and  on  the  same  scale  as 
the  other  diagrams  on  these  plates.  By  means  of  the  diagrams,  the  epoch  when 
the  inequality  vanishes  has  been  made  out  as  follows : — 

TABLE  SnOWING  THE  OBSERVED  TIMES  WHEN  THE  DIURNAL  INEQUALITY  VANISHES,  TOGETHER  WITH  THE 
TIME  WHEN  THE  MOON  CROSSES  THE  EQUATOR,  AND  THE  DIFFERENCE  OF  THESE  TIMES,  OR  THE  NUMBER 
OF  DAYS  BY  WHICH  THE  CAUSE  PRECEDES  THE  EFFECT.       THIS  DIFFERENCE  IS  ALSO  CALLED  THE  EPOCH. 


Ye.ar. 

Inequality 

Moon" 

1  decli- 

Difference, 

Year. 

Inequality 

Moon's  decli- 

Difference, 

disappefirs. 

n.ition 

'qual  0. 

or  epoch. 

disappears. 

nation  eqnal  0. 

or  epoch. 

1853 

Oct.  not  observed 

13'' 

7" 



1854 

April  28'S     Si- 

24'i    11" 

3^1   21" 

(( 

Oct.    30^   21'> 

29 

18 

1''      3" 

May      9     24 

9       0 

1       0 

tl 

V        12     10  1 

11 

13 

1      7 

"      23    14 
June     7       9 

21     17 

5     10 

1     21 
1     23 

li 

a     27     22 

26 

4 

1      IS 

"       10       9 

17     22 

1     11 

ii 

Dec.     9       9 

8 

19 

0     14 

July      5       4 

2     17 

2     11 

11 

"     25     12 

23 

13 

1     23 

"       31     22 

29     22 

2      0 

1854 

Jan.  not  observecl. 

5 

2 

Sept.     9      3 

7    22 

1       5 

t( 

((       t(         (( 

19 

18 



Remaining  observa- 

22     9 



t( 

Feb.     3       4 

"     l(i     18 

1 
15 

10 
23 

1     IS 
0     10 

tions  of  S,  ries  IV 
not  suificiently  re- 

11 

Mean. 

1''    15" 

(C 

Mar.     3     12  j 

28 

19 

1     17 

liable. 

t( 

"     IH       0 

15 

5 

0     19 

it 

Mar.  obs'n  incompl. 

28 

4 



The  results  for  the  epoch  are  very  regular,  and  with  the  exception  of  part  of 
the  last  series,  which  is  of  inferior  accuracy,  no  observation  has  been  omitted. 
The  inequality  vanishes  at  the  distance  of  1.62  days'  motion  of  the  moon  from  her 
nodes. 

The  magnitude  of  the  diurnal  inequality,  and  its  variation  depending  on  twice 
the  moon's  declination,  was  made  out  by  dividing  the  inequality  curves  in  six  parts 
between  the  times  of  disappearance,  and  by  tabulating  the  ordinatcs  as  well  as  the 
corresponding  declination  of  the  moon,  the  following  results  were  obtained  from  12 
complete  cycles,  omitting  no  value,  viz : — 

AMOUNT  OF  DIURNAL  INEQUALITY  IN  THE  HEIGHT  OP  HIGH  WATER. 


Ordinate. 

{In 

feet.) 

Mean 

Mean 

II 

dh. 

declination. 

1  \ 

II 

II 

11 

11 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0.0 

0° 

1 

1.1 

2.1 

li.-S 

2.7 

l.u 

0.3 

0.2 

1.4 

2.7 

1.5 

1.5 

1.0 

1.4 

12 

2 

(1.5 

2.9 

2.3 

4.0 

4.2 

2.5 

1.0 

1.5 

2.2 

2.0 

2.1 

3.0 

2.3 

21 

3 

1.5 

2.2 

3.0 

4.« 

4.0 

2.8 

1.1 

1.6 

2.2 

3.1 

2.0 

2.0 

2.5 

25 

4 

I. (3 

2.3 

3.0 

4.6 

0.2 

3.C 

1.5 

1.4 

1.8 

1.9 

3.3 

2.7 

2.3 

22 

5 

0.8 

1.1 

11 

3.0 

2.4 

1.2 

0.7 

3.5 

2.2 

1.0 

2.0 

2.0 

1.7 

13 

i; 

II 

II 

II 

0 

I) 

(1 

0 

0 

0 

II 

0 

0 

0.0 

(1 

RECORD   AND   REDUCTION   OF   THE   TIDES. 


77 


The  mean  declination  corresponds  to  an  epoch  1.6  days  anterior,  which  remark 
apphes  also  to  the  formula  dh  =  C  sin.  2  h',  representing  the  diurnal  inequality  dh 
in  two  successive  high  or  low  waters,  h'  being  the  moon's  declination.  For  the 
value  of  C  we  obtain  3.3,  which  gives  us  the  following  comparison : — 


DIURNAL  INEQUALITY  IN  HEIGHT. 

(Epoch  1.6  (lays.) 


Moon's  declination. 

Observed  dh. 

Computed  dh. 

Difference. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

0° 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

12 

1.4 

1.4 

0.0 

21 

2.3 

2.2 

0.1 

25 

2.5 

2.5 

0.0 

22 

2.3 

2.3 

0.0 

13 

1.7 

1.5 

0.2 

0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

The  diurnal  inequality  in  time  I  have  tried  to  exhibit  by  numbers  as  well  as  by 
diagrams;  it  seems,  however,  that  the  incidental  irregularities  in  the  observations 
themselves,  coupled  with  the  fact  that  the  observations  generally  were  only  made 
half-hourly  and  at  other  times  hourly — so  far  exceed  in  magnitude  the  inequality 
itself  as  to  make  the  effect  of  the  changes  of  the  moon's  declination  exceedingly 
obscure.  The  lunitidal  intervals  (for  high  and  low  water)  between  Oct.  17  and 
Dec.  28,  1853,  between  Jan.  28  and  March  7,  1854,  and  between  June  1  and  July 
7,  1854,  were  tabulated  in  vertical  columns;  the  means  of  the  alternate  values 
were  tabulated  in  the  2d  column,  and  placed  in  the  horizontal  line  opposite  the 
intermediate  value  of  column  one.  The  numbers  in  the  first  column  were  next 
subtracted  from  the  corresponding  numbers  in  the  second  column,  if  the  interval 
belonged  to  the  inferior  transit ;  if  belonging  to  the  superior,  the  values  in  the 
second  column  were  subtracted  from  those  in  the  first.  The  moon's  declination, 
for  noon  each  day,  was  also  set  down.  The  276  values  for  diurnal  inequality  in 
time,  thus  obtained,  were  plotted.  After  attempting  to  deduce  an  epoch  and 
arranging  the  values  for  different  assumptions  for  epoch,  no  satisfactory  result 
could  be  obtained  in  any  way  according  with  the  expression 

^^  ^       9  fn»-  ^'       (spe  Lubbock,  Phil.  Trans.  1S37), 
1  +  ^  COS.  -A  ^  ^' 


and  the  results  of  the  investigation  must  be  confined  to  the  following  general 
remark.  The  diurnal  inequality  in  time  is  in  maxima  probably  not  exceeding  two 
hours ;  it  seems  to  be  less  in  amount  for  the  times  of  high  water  than  for  the  times 
of  low  water,  a  result  the  reverse  of  that  belonging  to  the  inequality  in  height. 
A  similar  conclusion  was  arrived  at  in  the  discussion  of  the  tides  at  San  Francisco, 
Cal.  (Prof  A.  D.  Bache  in  Coast  Survey  Report  for  1853,  p.  *81),  when  the  smaller 
inequality  in  height  of  high  water  (when  compared  with  that  for  low  water)  cor- 
responded to  the  greater  inequality  in  time  of  high  water  (when  compared  with 
the  inequality  for  low  water).  "NMiether  the  inequality  of  the  height  for  high  or 
low  water  is  the  greater  or  smaller  depends  only  on  the  epoch  of  the  diurnal  wave 
compared  with  the  epoch  of  the  semi-diurnal  wave.     There  is  no  regular  increase 


78 


RECORD   AND    REDUCTION    OF   THE    TIDES. 


of  the  inequality  corresponding  to  an  increasing  (irrespective  of  sign)  declination 
of  the  moon,  but  the  curve  appears  double-crested  about  the  time  of  maximum 
declination,  there  being  a  sudden  diminution  in  the  inequality,  preceded  and  fol- 
lowed by  high  values;  about  the  time  of  the  moon's  crossing  the  equator  the 
inequality  is  very  irregular. 

On  Plate  IV,  the  actual  separation  of  the  semi-diurnal  and  the  diurnal  wave  has 
been  effected  graphically,  for  which  purpose  a  part  of  the  best  observations  was 
selected;  these  observations  extend  over  the  period  from  Oct.  30  to  Nov.  22,  1853. 
The  process  of  decomposition  in  use  in  the  U.  S.  Coast  Survey  Avas  at  first  an 
analytical  one,  by  computing  sine  curves ;  since  1855,  however,  a  graphical  process, 
equivalent  thereto,  was  substituted ;  this  latter  method,  as  introduced  by  assistant 
L.  F.  Pourtales,  may  be  briefly  explained  as  follows :  After  the  observations  are 
plotted  and  a  tracing  is  taken,  the  traced  curves  are  shifted  in  epoch  12  (lunar) 
hours  forward,  when  a  mean  curve  is  pricked  off  between  the  observed  and  traced 
curves;  this  process  is  repeated  after  the  tracing  paper  has  been  shifted  12  hours 
backAvard ;  the  average  or  mean  pricked  curve  thus  obtained  represents  the  semi- 
diurnal wave.  On  an  axis  parallel  with  that  on  which  the  time  is  counted,  the 
differences  between  the  originally  observed  and  the  constructed  semi-diurnal  wave 
were  laid  off;  this  constitutes  the  diurnal  curve.  In  the  case  in  hand  I  have 
simplified  the  process  of  separation  by  blackening  the  under  surface  of  the  tracing 
paper  with  a  lead  pencil,  and  running  in  with  a  free  hand ;  the  intermediate  curves 
by  the  pressure  of  a  style,  an  average  of  the  two  traces  thus  left  on  the  lower  paper, 
gave  the  semi-diurnal  wave  in  quite  an  expeditious  manner.  On  the  diagram,  the 
diurnal  curve  with  its  epoch  of  high  water  nearly  coinciding  with  that  of  the  semi- 
diurnal wave,  appears  plainly  with  its  variation  in  size  depending  on  the  moon's 
declination. 

Investigation  of  the  Form  of  the  Tide  Wave. — The  shape  of  the  tide  wave  has 
been  ascertained  in  the  manner  described  in  art.  (479)  Tides  and  Waves,  and 
depends  on  the  hourly  observations  of  60  tides,  30  during  spring  tides  and  an 
equal  number  during  neap  tides,  that  is,  the  observed  heights  on  the  day  of  the 
syzygies  and  quadratures  and  on  the  first  and  second  day  after,  were  tabulated, 
forming  ten  groups  of  three  columns  each,  from  low  water  to  low  water.  The 
columns  of  an  equal  number  of  hours  (they  vary  from  1 6  hours  to  1 1  hours)  were 
united  in  a  mean.  In  order  to  combine  these  it  was  assumed  that  the  interval  from 
the  observed  low  water  to  the  next  following  low  water  corresponds  to  360°  of 
phase,  and  tlic  time  of  every  intermediate  observation  was  converted  into  phase  by 
that  proportion.  In  order  to  render  the  observed  heights  comparable,  the  range 
from  high  to  low  water  in  evcM-y  half  tide  (the  reading  of  low  water  for  phase  0 
generally  not  being  identical  witli  the  reading  of  the  succeeding  low  water  or  phase 
360°)  was  supposed  to  correspond  to  2.00,  and  the  elevation  above  the  low  water 
was  converted  into  number  by  that  proportion,  thus  furnishing  a  series  of  ordinates 
for  equidistant  abscissae.  Tlie  means  of  all  the  phases  and  corresponding  converted 
depressions  within  every  30th  degree  of  phase  were  then  taken  with  proper  regard 
to  the  weights,  depending  on  the  number  of  columns,  of  equal  hours,  united  at  tlic 
commencement  of  the  reduction.     By  observation  of  the  progress  of  the  numbers. 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION  OF   THE   TIDES. 


79 


it  was  easy  to  alter  the  latter  so  as  to  make  them  exactly  correspond  to  the  phases 
30°,  G0°,  90°,  120°,  etc.  In  this  manner  the  following  numbers  have  been 
obtained : — 


FOR  THE  SPRING-TIDE  WAVE  OCCURRING  ONE  AND  A  QUARTER  DAY  AFTER  FULL  AND  NEW  MOON. 


Phase 

of  grou 

IIS. 

Prni 

nrtional  '. 

leight  above  low  water. 

Mean. 

Mean. 

0° 

0° 

0° 

0° 

0° 

0° 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

26 

28 

30 

33 

36 

30 

0.06 

0.23 

0.24 

0.27 

0.10 

0.21 

51 

55 

60 

65 

72 

69 

0.32 

0.68 

0.90 

0.70 

0.46 

0.71 

77 

83 

90 

98 

108 

89 

0.91 

1.13 

1.36 

1.32 

1.17 

1.24 

103 

111 

120 

131 

144 

120 

1.39 

1.68 

1.73 

1.76 

1.52 

1.70 

129 

138 

150 

164 

180 

156 

1.84 

2.04 

1.98 

1.93 

2.00 

1.95 

154 

166 

180 

196 

216 

180 

1.94 

1.98 

2.00 

2.00 

1.88 

2.00 

180 

194 

210 

229 

252 

208 

2.00 

2.00 

1.84 

1.56 

1.23 

1.88 

206 

222 

240 

262 

288 

237 

1.84 

1.84 

1.45 

1.15 

0.70 

1.46 

231 

249 

270 

294 

324 

270 

1.58 

1.23 

1.00 

0.65 

0.41 

0.97 

257 

277 

300 

327 

360 

300 

1.14 

0.79 

0.27 

0.25 

0.00 

0.37 

283 

305 

330 

360 

330 

0.60 

0.40 

0.17 

0.00 

0.17 

309 

332 

360 

360 

0.15 

0.16 

0,00 

0.00 

334 

360 

0.02 

0.00 

360 

0.00 

Weight 

5 

4 

13 

7 

1 

Weight 

5 

4 

13 

7 

1 

The  columns  headed  "  mean"  show  the  ordinates  of  the  waves  for  (nearly) 
equidistant  intervals  of  time. 

The  following  table  contains  the  corresponding  numbers  for  tlie  ucnip  tide  wave 
occurring  11  day  after  the  first  and  last  quarter,  and  as  derived  from  30  tides 
observed  hourly  from  low  to  low  water : — 


Phase  of 

groups. 

Proportional  height 

above  low  water. 

Mean. 

'Mean.l 

0° 

0.00 

24 

0" 

0.07 

0.00 

48 

26 

0° 

0.26 

0.17 

0.00 

' 

72 

51 

28 

0° 

0"= 

0.49 

0.55 

0.24 

0.00 

;  0.00 

96 

77 

55 

30 

0° 

29 

0.89 

1.11 

0.59 

0.20  0.00 

i  0.20 

120 

103 

83 

60 

33 

0" 

58 

1.19 

1.53 

0.93 

0.50  0.60 

0.00  0.52 

144 

129 

111 

90 

65 

36 

89 

1.55 

1.83 

1.35 

1.05  1.02 

0.00 

1.08 

168 

154 

138 

120 

98 

72 

119 

0.82 

2.00 

1.73 

1.60  1.44 

0.35 

1.51 

192 

180 

166 

150 

131 

108 

147 

2.00 

1.95 

2.00 

1.85  1.81 

1.06 

1.82 

216 

206 

194 

180 

164 

144 

180 

1.92 

1.62 

1.96 

2.00  2.00 

1.88 

1.97 

240 

231 

222 

210 

196 

180 

213 

1.64 

1.43 

1.72 

2.00  1.72 

2.00  1.84 

264 

257 

249 

240 

229 

216 

241 

1.25 

1.09 

1.32 

1.84  1.43 

1.63  1.58 

288 

283 

277 

270 

262 

252 

271 

0.94 

0.67 

0.80 

1.37  0.79 

0.99  ,  1.08 

312 

309 

305 

300 

294 

288 

301 

0.51 

0.24 

0.,32 

0.79  0.15 

0.10  0.56 

336 

334 

332 

330 

327 

324 

331 

0.23 

0.05 

0.04 

0.42  0.00 

0.00  0.22 

260 

360 

360 

360 

360 

360 

360 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00  0.00 

0.00  0.00 

Weight 

3 

4 

8 

13 

1 

1 

Weight 

3 

4 

8 

13  :  1 

1 

The  results  are  represented  in  the  annexed  diagram.  The  result  for  the  neap 
tide  curve  has  also  been  multiplied  by  y^xa'  ^^^  ratio  of  neap  and  spring  tide  range 
as  found  on  a  preceding  page,  and  was  increased  by  0.5  to  refer  it  to  the  same 
level. 


80 


RECORD    AND    REDUCTION    OF    THE    TIDES. 


- 

/ 

■^ 

-  -!; 

k 

', 

\ 

N 

/ 

. 

\ 

/ 

/ 

i 

/ 

/ 

A 

/ 

, 

\ 

^ 

1, 

^ 

' 

N, 

1 

l\ 

■ 

1 

1 

A 

S 

V 

L 

y 

> 

\ 

ft 

/ 

L 

/ 

/ 

\ 

- 

fi 

\ 

\ 

7 

1 

y 

s 

^ 

h 

^ 

- 

/ 

'/ 

/ 

/- 

\ 

f/ 

s4  1  1 

1' 

s^i 

•*, 

/ 

isl 

2.00 

.80 

.CO 

.40 

.20 
1.00 

.80 

.60 

.40 

.20 

O.OO 

0°  30  GO  90  120  150  ISO  210  240  270  300  330  360' 

The  full  curves  in  the  diagram  show  the  form  of  the  spring  and  neap  tide  wave 
(the  scales  being  arbitrary),  to  Avhich  has  been  added  for  convenient  comparison 
the  dotted  curve  representing  the  neap  tide  wave  on  the  same  relative  scale  as  the 
spring  tide  wave.  It  is  apparent  that  the  spring  tide  wave  is  slightly  steeper 
between  low  and  high  water  than  between  high  and  low  water,  and  that  the  neap 
tide  wave  is  very  nearly  symmetrical  in  respect  to  rise  and  fall. 

We  have  seen  that  the  duration  of  rise  is  6**  04". 7,  hence  the  duration  of  fall 
will  be  G""  19.^7 ;  or  in  making  ebb  the  time  is  15  minutes  greater  than  in  making 
flood,  a  circumstance  in  conformity  with  the  shape  of  the  curves  of  rise  and  fall. 
This  holds  good  for  an  average  tide;  according  to  art.  (510)  Tides  and  Waves,  if 
the  place  of  observation  is  not  for  from  the  sea,  or,  as  in  our  case,  in  a  bay,  the 
water  will  occupy  a  shorter  time  to  rise  than  to  fall,  and  the  inequality  will  be 
greater  at  spring  tides  than  at  neap  tides ;  this  is  fully  illustrated  in  the  preceding 
diagram,  the  spring  tide  wave  being  the  steeper  of  the  two. 

The  form  of  the  tide  waves  will  be  found  closely  represented  by  the  following 
expressions: — 

For  the  spring  tide  wave — 

5.83  +  5.58  sin.  {6  +  278°)  +  0.20  sin.  (2  0  +  281°)  ; 

For  the  neap  tide  wave — 

2.42  +  2.25  sin.  {0  +  269°)  +  0.09  sin.  (2  0  +  290°) ; 
in  which  expressions  the  angle  6  counts  from  low  water  to  low  water,  from  0  to 
360°,  and  the  height  of  the  wave  is  expressed  in  feet. 

The  relative  numbers,  given  above,  as  the  ordinates,  have  been  changed  in  the 
proportion  of  2  to  11.1  for  the  higher  and  of  2  to  4.7  for  the  lower  wave.  The 
following  table  shows  the  agreement  between  observation  and  tlie  numerical 
expressions,  in  wliich  tlie  3d  and  higher  terms  are  zero : — 


RECORD    AND    REDUCTION   OF    THE   TIDES. 


81 


FORM  OF  THE  TIDE  WAVE  AT  VAN  RENSSELAER   HARBOR. 


Phase. 

Height  of  Spring  tide,  in  feet. 

Height  of  nea 

p  tide,  in  feet. 

Observed. 

Computed. 

Observed. 

Computed. 

0 

0.0 

0.1 

O.ll 

0.1 

3(1 

1.2 

1.4 

0.5 

0.4 

60 

3.9 

3.9 

1.3 

1.3 

90 

6.9 

6.8 

2.5 

2.5 

120 

9.4 

9.3 

3.5 

3.0 

150 

10.7 

10.9 

4.3 

4.3 

180 

11.1 

11.1 

4.6 

4.6 

210 

10.4 

10.2 

4.3 

4.4 

240 

7.9 

8.0 

3.7 

3.7 

270 

r,A 

.5.3 

3.5 

2.5 

300 

2.1 

2.4 

1.3 

1.3 

330 

0.9 

0.5 

0.5 

0.4 

360 

0.0 

0.1 

0.0 

0.1 

Respecting  the  effect  of  the  wind  and  ice  on  the  tides,  it  may  be  remarked  that 
the  former  can  only  be  slight,  since  the  sea  is  protected  from  the  direct  action  of 
the  wind  by  its  icy  cover  for  the  greater  part  of  the  year.  When  the  sea  is  par- 
tially open,  the  effect  becomes  sensible,  as  may  be  seen  by  the  following  note 
extracted  from  the  log-book : — 

"August  17,  1853.  The  above  records  show  a  heavy  gale  from  the  southward 
gradually  hauling  to  the  eastward ;  the  eifect  of  this  gale  on  the  tides  was  very 
marked  ;  our  flood  rose  two  feet  above  any  previous  register,  overflowing  the  ground 
ice,  and  our  last  ebb  or  outgoing  tide  was  hardly  perceptible."  The  ice  crust  can- 
not sensibly  aff"ect  (by  friction  on  its  lower  surface)  the  progress  of  the  tide  wave, 
and  will  certainly  not  sensibly  interfere  (by  friction  on  the  ice  foot  and  breakage 
of  the  ice  fields)  with  the  rise  and  fall  of  the  tide. 

Prop-ess  of  the  Tide  Wave. — The  tide  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor  may  be  taken 
as  a  derived  tide,  and  transmitted  to  it  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  in  part  modi- 
fied by  the  small  tide  originating  in  the  waters  of  Baffin's  Bay ;  Avhich  latter  tide, 
however,  must  necessarily  be  small,  particularly  on  account  of  the  general  direction 
of  the  bay,  which  is  very  unfavorable  for  the  production  of  a  tide  wave.  That  the 
tide  wave  is  travelling  up  along  the  western  coast  of  Greenland,  or,  in  other  words, 
reaches  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor  from  the  southward,  may  be  seen  from  the  follow- 
ing observed  establishments : — 

Holsteinhorg  Harbor,  latitude  66°  56',  longitude  53°  42'.  High  water  at  F.  &  C. 
6'^  30'".     Spring  tides  rise  10  feet. — Capt.  Inglefield,  1853. 

Whalefish  Islands  (near  Disco),  latitude  68°  59',  longitude  53°  13'.  Time  of 
high  water  F.  &  C.  8''  15'".    Highest  tide  Ih  feet. — Parry's  3d  Voyage  of  Discovery. 

Godham  (Disco),  latitude  69°  12',  longitude  53°  28'.  Tidal  hour  9".  Rise  and 
fall  "th  feet. — See  Map  in  Narrative  of  Kane's  First  Voyage. 

Vpernavik,  latitude  72°  47',  longitude  56°  03'.  High  water  at  F.  &  C.  11". 
Rise  8  feet.— Capt.  Inglefield,  1854. 

Wolstenholm  Sound,  latitude  76°  33',  longitude  68°  56.'     High  water  at  F.  &  C. 

11''  8'".     Rise,  both  at  sprhig  and  neaps,  7  to  7i  feet. — (See  Admiralty  Chart  of 

Baffin's  Bay,  sheet  1,  1853,  corrected  to  1859.)     The  observations  themselves,  taken 

by  Captain  Saunders  of  H.  M.  S.  North  Star,  in  1849  and  1850,  were  kindly  fur- 

11 


82 


RECORD    AND    REDUCTION    OF   THE    TIDES. 


nished  to  Prof.  Bache  by  the  Hydrographer  to  the  Admiralty,  Captain  J.  "Wash- 
ington,  E,.  X.,  and  are  given  in  the  appendix  to  this  paper.     And  finally, 

Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  latitude  78°  37',  longitude  70°  53'.  High  water  at 
F.  &  C.  11'"  50",  as  derived  from  the  preceding  analytical  expression.  Rise  and 
fall  at  spring  tide  11.1  feet,  at  neap  tide  4.7  feet,  average  range  7.9  feet. 

By  means  of  the  difference  in  the  establishments  of  Holsteinborg  and  Van 
Rensselaer,  we  ran  obtain  an  approximation  to  the  depth  of  Baffin's  Bay  and  Smith's 
Straits,  viz: — 

Tidiil  hour.  Longitude.  Sum.  .        Difference. 

Holsteinborpr  6"  30'"  S""  35°  lO""  05""  ,  I  Difference  corrected  for  the 

Vau  Rensselaer        11    50  4    43  16   3?,  {      moon's  motion  6"  26°. 


Assuming  the  distance  along  the  channel  to  be  770  nautical  miles,  we  have  a 
velocity  of  the  tide  wave  of  about  202  feet  in  a  second,  which,  according  to  Airy's 
table  (174),  Tides  and  Waves,  would  correspond  to  a  depth  of  nearly  1300  feet,  or 
about  220  fathoms — a  result  probably  smaller  than  the  true  value,  since  the  other 
observations  indicate  a  greater  depth,  it  may  be  taken  as  an  inferior  limit ;  in  the 
same  manner  we  find  from  the  co  tidal  hours  of  Upernavik  and  Van  Rensselaer  a 
depth  of  near  800  fethoms,  and  a  similar  result  from  the  Wolstenholm  observa- 
tions ;  this  last  result  may  perhaps  he  taken  as  an  upper  limit. 

Soundings. — The  following  soundings  have  been  copied  from  the  log-book: — 

Jime  19,  1853.     I-at.  51^  12',  long.  52^^  8'  (government  sounding  twine  and  .32-pound  shot). 

Chronometer  time.  Mark. 

8"  4T"    0'        Red,  started. 
49     10  Wliite. 

52     10  IJottom,  with  118  fathoms;  shot  brought  up  with  graj'  mnd 

and  fine  sand.     The  line  was  afterwards  measured. 

June  26,  1853.     Lat.  59°  48',  long.  50°  3'  (government  sounding  twine  and  32-pound  shot). 

Mark.  Clironometer  time 

Started  15  fathoms  from  tlie  ne.xt  mark.         4''  21'"  25' 

Red.  25 

Wliite.  29 

Red.  33 

Blaclc.  31 

White.  42 

Red.  46 

White.  51 

Red.  56 

Missed  tlie  mark.  58 

August  1,  1838.     Melville  Ba_v,  lat.  15°  40',  long.  62°  12'  (government  sounding  twine  and  32 
shot). 


Chronometer  time 

S*"  56"' 

■3S' 

51 

25 

58 

50 

4    00 

31 

•2 

48 

5 

16 

8 

n 

11 

0 

14 

5 

time. 

Mark. 

25' 

White. 

10 

Red. 

15 

White. 

25 

Red. 

30 

Black. 

0 

White. 

30 

Red. 

15 

White. 

0 

Red. 

0 

Bottom    with    1811    fa 

thoms.  line  cut. 

Chronometer  time. 

Mark. 

r,l,    4^m 

6" 

Started. 

48 

8 

Red. 

49 

40 

White. 

51 

40 

Red. 

54 

0 

Black. 

54 

45 

Bottom  with  429  fathoms ;    shot    brought   up    with 
green  sand  (specimen  preserved). 

dar 

APPENDIX. 


Tidal  Observations  made  on  boaed  IT.  M.  S.  North  Star,  Commander  Saunders,  at  the 
WiN'TEi!  (Quarters  in  Wolstenholm  Sound.     (From  the  Ship's  Loo.) 


Date. 
1849. 

High 

water. 

Low  water. 

Date. 
1850. 

High 

w.iter. 

Low  water. 

Time. 

Height. 

Time. 

Height. 

Time. 

Height. 

Time. 

Height. 

Ft.    In. 

Ft.    In. 

Ft.    In. 

Ft.    In. 

Nov.  10,  A.  M. 

12"  0'" 

78     0 

4''  0'" 

69     4 

Mar.  13,  P.  M. 

(jh  o- 

69     0 

"     17,  A.  M. 

5  30 

70  11 

"     19,  A.  M. 

3"  O- 

75     6 

"     17,  P.  M. 

0  30 

78     6 

"     19,  P.  M. 

11     0 

70  10 

"     29,  A.  M. 

11     0 

7(i     5 

5     0 

71     4 

"     27,  P.  M. 

11     0 

76     2 

5  30 

67     9 

"     30,  A.  M. 

10     0 

79     1 

4  30 

70     0 

April   4,  A.  M. 

12    0 

69     9 

Dec.  14,  P.  M. 

11     0 

()9     6 

6     0 

65     2 

"      4,  P.  M. 

4    0 

72    2 

"     22,  P.  M. 

4     0 

70     9 

10  30 

65     4 

«     12,  A.  M. 

11  30 

70    1 

5     0 

69     2 

"     29,  A.M. 

11     0 

73  10 

3  30 

64     0 

"     26,  A.  M. 

11     0 

70     3 

5     0 

69     2 

1850. 

May     4,  P.  M. 

5     0 

75     0 

Jan.    13,  A.M. 

12    0 

71     6 

5  30 

64     2 

"     19,  A.  M. 

5  30 

77    2 

"     21,  P.M. 

4    0 

70    4 

10  30 

65     1 

"     19,  P.  M. 

11  30 

72     6 

"     27,  A.  M. 

11     0 

72    4 

5  30 

64     2 

"     26,  A.  M. 

r-l 

75  10 

6     0 

69     0 

Feb.     3,  P.  M. 

3  30 

70    0 

9     0 

63  10 

June    2,  P.  M. 

1     0 

68  11 

"     19,  P.  M. 

4    0 

70    3 

9  30 

66     S 

"     23,  P.  M. 

11      0 

74    4 

March  5,  P.  M. 

4  30 

70    0 

10     0 

66  10 

July     9,  P.  M. 

11      0 

74  10 

3     0 

66     1 

"     13,  A.  M. 

11  30 

76     0 

From  the  rough  manner  with  niiicli  the  above  observations  appear  to  liave  been  made,  an  appro.xi- 
mate  establisliraent  and  rise  of  tide  only  can  be  deduced  from  them. 

H.  W.  F.  and  C.  appears  to  take  place  between  XI'"  0™  and  XI''  1.3",  say  XI''  8"',  and  the  rise  both 
at  springs  and  neaps  from  7  to  7t  feet. 

(Signed)  JNO.  BURWOOP,  Master  R.  X., 

(  Tide  Computer). 

Admiralty,  Sd  July,  I860. 


PUBLISUED    BY    THE    SMITHSONIAN    INSTITUTION, 
WASHINGTON    CITY, 

OCTOBER,     1860. 


o 


o 


hi- 


ISecond     Series 
concJuded 


Third      Se-ies 


^ 


I 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  LOS  ANGELES 

THE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 

This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below 


University  of  Caiitornia 

SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 

405  Hilgard  Avenue,  Los  Angeles,  CA  90024-1388 

Return  this  material  to  the  library 

Irom  which  it  was  borrowed. 


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•  ^# 


"^ 


UMiVKKsrry  of  cAUFOSRitt 


607 
K13t 

the 


Kane  - 
Tidal   obser- 
vations  in 
Arctic   seas. 


-^f  darling 


607 
K13t 


000  350  471 


Un 


^ 


